41. Eye Tests > Dry Eye Testing -- EyeMDLink.com dry eye testing. Testing for Individuals with dry eye syndrome will haveless wetting of the tear strip than normal controls. Tear Break http://www.eyemdlink.com/Test.asp?TestID=10

42. Dry Eye | American Optometric Association dry eye Eye Diseases, The tears your eyes produce are necessary for overall eyehealth and clear vision. Often, dry eye is part of the natural aging process. http://www.aoa.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?site=AOAstage&WebCode=DryEye

43. Postgraduate Medicine: Patient Notes: Dry Eye Patient Notes dry eye. VOL 103 / NO 5 / MAY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE. How is dryeye treated? Unfortunately, there is no way to increase production of tears. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1998/05_98/pn_dry_i.htm

Patient Notes Dry eye VOL 103 / NO 5 / MAY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE Do your eyes sting and burn? Do they feel gritty and irritated? You may have dry eye. This condition is just what it sounds likeyou don't have enough tears coating your eyes to keep them comfortable. A reduction in the amount of tears normally accompanies aging. But it can also be caused by use of some prescription and nonprescription drugs, by eye infection or injury, or by a certain type of arthritis. Your primary care doctor or ophthalmologist can help determine the cause and best treatment of the problem. How is dry eye treated? Unfortunately, there is no way to increase production of tears. Either lubricating drops called "artificial" tears must be used to replace the missing ones, or the tears you produce naturally must be conserved. You can buy artificial tears in a drugstore without a prescription and can use them as often as necessary to make your eyes feel better. Those that do not contain preservatives are recommended. Eye ointments are available too. Ointments keep your eyes moist longer than drops, so many patients use them before they go to bed. To put medication in your eyes, first wash your hands. Then pull your lower eyelid down with a fingertip. Look up. Squeeze a drop or a short strip of ointment into the lower lid. (Do not touch your eye with the applicator.) Close your eye for a few seconds to let the medication absorb.

44. Dry Eye Syndrome dry eye Syndrome, What is dry eye Syndrome? (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca)dry eye conjunctivitis. What causes dry eye? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY http://www.alconlabs.com/us/aj/disorders/dryeye/Index.jhtml

Dry Eye Syndrome What is Dry Eye Syndrome? (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca) Dry eye is a general term used to describe a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from inadequate wetting of the cornea and conjunctiva by the pre-corneal tear film (PCTF). Millions of people worldwide suffer from dry eye. Despite its high prevalence, dry eye is not always easy to diagnose. The vast majority of patients have symptoms that are mild to moderate in severity. Although these patients are genuinely suffering discomfort, objective signs of dry eye may be missed, and without proper diagnosis, patients may not receive the attention and treatment that this condition warrants. The signs and symptoms of dry eye can be misinterpreted as evidence of other conditions such as infectious, allergic, or irritative conjunctivitis. What causes Dry Eye? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DRY EYE SYNDROMES Dry eye conditions are classified as various types of abnormalities that can lead to insufficient wetting of the corneal surface. These classifications are:

45. Dry Eye Syndrome dry eye Syndrome, What Is dry eye? dry eye is a term used to What CanCause dry eye? There are many different abnormalities that can http://www.alconlabs.com/us/eo/conditions/DryEye/index.jhtml

Dry Eye Syndrome What Is Dry Eye? What Are Natural Tears? What Can Cause Dry Eye? Do You Suffer from Dry Eye? What Is Dry Eye? Dry eye is a term used to describe a group of different diseases and conditions that result from inadequate wetting and lubrication of the eye. Although millions of people experience it, dry eye is not always easy to diagnose; it can easily be mistaken for other conditions such as infections or allergies. Believe it or not, excessive tearing caused by crying, cold weather, etc., can actually cause dry eye symptoms. What Are Natural Tears? Tears are a lot more complicated than they seem. They are the body's natural mechanism for protecting the surface of the eye from infection and from the corrosive effects of dirt, dust, and other airborne particles. They help to create a smooth corneal surface so vision stays clear and undistorted, and your eyes stay comfortable. Tears provide a wet, lubricated surface that sits atop the corneal epithelium (surface of the eye) There are three layers to the tear film. The oily, outer layer prevents evaporation. The middle layer is more watery. The inner layer contains mucous, and forms the bond between the tear film and the corneal epithelium.

46. Blindness And Visual Impairment Centre: Dry Eye dry eye. What is dry eye? Simply put, dry eye is the result of notbeing able to produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. http://www.cnib.ca/eng/eye_con/cospubs/dryeye.htm

Home What's New Search Site Français Dry Eye What is Dry Eye? Causes Diagnosis and Treatment What is Dry Eye? Simply put, dry eye is the result of not being able to produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. Without a film of tears, spread over the eye by a blink, good vision is not possible. The symptoms include stinging or burning eyes, scratchiness, stringy mucus around the eyes, irritation from smoke or wind, excess tearing or difficulty wearing contact lenses Causes Tear production normally decreases as we age. Although dry eye can occur in men and women, it is more common in women, particularly after menopause. Dry eye can also be associated with arthritis as well as a variety of over-the-counter and prescription medications. Because of thisand the fact that people with dry eye are more prone to the toxic side effects of eye medicationsit is important that you tell your doctor the names of all the medications you are taking. This is especially true if you are taking diuretics, betablockers, antihistamines, sleeping pills, pain relievers, medication for "nerves" or even alcohol. Diagnosis and Treatment A simple eye examination by an ophthalmologista physician who specializes in care of the eyecan usually detect dry eye. Sometimes, tests are performed such as placing filter-paper strips under the lower lids to measure tear production under various conditions.

47. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management - Keratitis Sicca KERATITIS SICCA / dry eye SYNDROME CLINICAL PEARLS Often, patients with dryeye syndrome are more symptomatic than their clinical signs would imply. http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect3a.htm

KERATITIS SICCA / DRY EYE SYNDROME SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS As the name implies, patients with keratitis sicca or dry eye syndrome typically present with complaints of dry, burning eyes and a "sandy" or "gritty" foreign body sensation. Occasionally, patients will report excess tearing (epiphora). Often, the symptoms are exacerbated by poor air quality and low humidity, and are more prominent later in the day. Upon inspection, most patients demonstrate a relatively white and quiet eye. Key slit lamp findings include a negligible tear meniscus at the lower lid and a reduced tear break-up time (TBUT), generally less than ten seconds. Fluorescein staining will usually reveal punctate epithelial keratopathy in the interpalpebral region. In severe cases, the cornea and/or conjunctiva may also stain with rose bengal. Filaments-tags of mucus, epithelial cells and tear debris-may also stain with fluorescein and rose bengal; filamentary keratitis is an extreme sequela of keratitis sicca. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Dry eye syndrome results primarily from compromise to either the quantity or quality of the precorneal tear film. Tears are composed of a mucin layer, a water or aqueous layer, and an oil layer. Deficiencies in any one of these components may create a tear film which is incapable of properly moistening the eye, resulting in desiccation and symptomatic complaints. In addition, irregularities in the blink mechanism or conditions affecting the regularity of the ocular surface (e.g., pterygia, keratoconus) may further interfere with proper wetting of the cornea. Many drugs can also temporarily decrease lacrimal gland secretions, such as antihistamines, phenothiazine anti-anxiety medications, oral contraceptives and atropine derivatives. Collagen vascular disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome also have a high association with dry eye syndrome.

48. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management dry eye SYNDROME. Signs and Symptoms. Generalized syndrome). Patients with dryeye commonly present with complaints of ocular irritation or discomfort. http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/March_2004/sec3_3.htm

DRY EYE SYNDROME Signs and Symptoms Generalized injection associated with moderate dry eye. Upon gross inspection, the majority of these patients demonstrate a relatively white and quiet eye. However, key slit lamp findings may include a meager tear meniscus at the lower lid, as well as a reduced tear break-up time (TBUT), generally less than ten seconds. Sodium fluorescein staining may be evident as punctate epithelial keratopathy from the interpalpebral region to the lower third of the cornea. In more severe cases, rose bengal or lissamine green staining of the cornea and/or conjunctiva may be seen in the same area. Filaments, which are tags composed of mucus, epithelial cells and tear debris, may also stain with these vital dyes. Additional clinical tests for dry eye syndrome are numerous. Tear volume assessment is used quite commonly, and may be ascertained by use of Schirmer tear test strips or the Zone-Quick test. Dimin-ished "wetting" of these test media over a set period of time (five minutes for the Schirmer and 15 seconds for the Zone-Quick test) is indicative of tear volume deficiency, a form of dry eye syndrome. Another device, the Keeler Tearscope, utilizes interferometry to evaluate the thickness of the tear film components, particularly the lipid layer. More involved and invasive procedures, including tear film osmolarity, lysozyme analysis, lactoferrin assay, and impression

49. The Canadian Ophthalmological Society - Programs & Services - Eye Conditions, Di dry eye. What is dry eye? Simply put, dry eye is the result of notbeing able to produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. http://www.eyesite.ca/english/public-information/eye-conditions/dry-eye.htm

The Information Service of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society Dry eye What is dry eye? Simply put, dry eye is the result of not being able to produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. Without a film of tears, spread over the eye by a blink, good vision is not possible. The symptoms include stinging or burning eyes, scratchiness, stringy mucus around the eyes, irritation from smoke or wind, excess tearing or difficulty wearing contact lenses. Causes Tear production normally decreases as we age. Although dry eye can occur in men and women, it is more common in women, particularly after menopause. Dry eye can also be associated with arthritis as well as a variety of over-the-counter and prescription medications. Because of this-and the fact that people with dry eye are more prone to the toxic side effects of eye medications- it is important that you tell your doctor the names of all the medications you are taking. This is especially true if you are taking diuretics, betablockers, antihistamines, sleeping pills, pain relievers, medication for "nerves" or even alcohol. Diagnosis and treatment A simple eye examination by an ophthalmologist-a physician who specializes in care of the eye-can usually detect dry eye. Sometimes, tests are performed such as placing filter-paper strips under the lower lids to measure tear production under various conditions.

50. Angeles Vision Clinic:  Dry Eye dry eye is actually a collection of symptoms that make up an eye condition thatstems from an imbalance in the quantity or quality of tears. dry eye. http://www.avclinic.com/Dry_eye.htm

Angeles Vision Clinic The web site has detailed information on many other eye conditions. Please feel free to visit our Home Page or check out other eye conditions on our Eye Conditions page DRY EYE and its Treatment This site covers dry eye, its symptoms, causes, treatment and problems associated with it. Discussions on puntual occlusion, Sjogren's syndrome, and new medications available What is Dry Eye? Dry eye with Rose Bengal Stain Dry Eye is actually a collection of symptoms that make up an eye condition that stems from an imbalance in the quantity or quality of tears. These symptoms include dry, red, gritty, and even watery eyes. Often, Dry Eye sufferers report the feeling of something foreign within the eye or eye strain. Some people do not produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. The moisture level in the eye is maintained by the balance of tear production and tear loss through drainage and evaporation. When this balance is not sustained, dry spots appear on the surface of the eye and cause irritation. Tears are produced by two different methods. One method produces tears at a slow, steady rate and is responsible for normal eye lubrication. The other method produces large quantities of tears in response to eye irritation or emotions.

51. MayoClinic.com - Dry Eyes dry eyes caused by decreased tear production or poor tear quality can interferewith clear, comfortable vision. dry eyes By Mayo Clinic staff Overview http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00463

52. KCS (Dry Eye) “dry eye” (More formally known as “Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca”or “KCS”). WHY TEARS ARE GOOD. There are many causes of dry eye. http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_kcs__dry_eye_.html

“Dry Eye” (More formally known as “Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca” or “KCS”) WHY TEARS ARE GOOD We can all imagine the discomfort of dry, irritated eyes and the soothing provided by eye drops. Tears are essential to the comfort of our eyes but they do more than just provide lubrication. Tears contain anti-bacterial proteins, salts, sugars, and even oxygen to nourish the eye. Tears flush away irritants and infectious agents that are constantly getting in our eyes. Since the outer portions of the eye does not have a blood supply, the tears must bring sugars and oxygen and must remove metabolic waste. Tears consist of oil secreted by the eyelid glands, mucus, and (mostly) water. Tears are secreted by two “lacrimal” glands in dogs and cats: one just above the eye and another in the third eyelid (or so-called “nictating membrane”). Without tears, eyes become irritated, the conjunctival tissues around the eyes get red, the cornea itself in time will turn brown in an effort to protect the eye, and a gooey, yellow discharge predominates. Blindness can result. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a fancy way of saying the eye is dry. “Kerato” refers to the cornea or clear covering of the eye that faces the outside world. “Conjunctivae” are the moist pink membranes of the eye socket. “It is” means inflammation and “sicca” means dry. KCS means inflamed, dry cornea and conjunctiva. It occurs when there is a deficiency in the water portion of the tear film which normally accounts for 95% of the tear volume. Without the water, one is left with oil and mucus; hence, the gooey yellow eye discharge characteristic of this condition.

53. Veterinary Vision: Public Forum *Dry Eye* dry eye dry eye is a condition in which the tear glands are unableto provide adequate moisture to the eye. Each eye has two tear http://www.veterinaryvision.com/public_forum/Dry Eye.htm

Dry eye Dry eye is a condition in which the tear glands are unable to provide adequate moisture to the eye. Each eye has two tear glands, one is located above the eye within the orbit and another, smaller gland is associated with the third eyelid. While this can occasionally be caused by trauma, hypothyroidism, or a drug reaction, most cases are inherited or due to unknown causes. The condition usually affects both eyes, is chronic, and requires management for the duration of the dog's life to prevent discomfort and loss of vision associated with scarring of the surface of the eye. Dogs with this condition are also more susceptible to eye infections which can complicate treatment. Symptoms include redness, a thick discharge from the eyes and, with time, cloudiness and loss of vision. Surgery may be necessary in rare cases where the tear glands are unable to respond to medication. The surgical procedure involves moving a salivary gland duct from the mouth to the eye (parotid duct transposition) to provide a constant source of moisture to the eye. The procedure is very successful in keeping the eye moist but it does not entirely eliminate the need for continued medication. After surgery, the operated eye appears to "tear" while the dog is eating because of stimulation to the salivary gland and it may be necessary to clean and dry the face after mealtime. Veterinary Vision, Inc.

54. Cole Eye Institute - Patient Information Patient Information Diseases dry eye. Take a Tour of the Eye DryEye. What is dry eye? The eye depends on the flow of tears http://www.clevelandclinic.org/eye/patient_info/dryeye.asp

Dry Eye Dry Eye What is dry eye? The eye depends on the flow of tears to provide constant moisture and lubrication to maintain vision and comfort. Tears are a combination of water, for moisture; oils, for lubrication; mucus, for even spreading; and antibodies and special proteins, for resistance to infection. These components are secreted by special glands located around the eye. When there is an imbalance in this tear system, a person may experience dry eye. What are the symptoms? When tears do not adequately lubricate the eye, a person may experience pain, a gritty sensation, a feeling of a foreign body or sand in the eye, itching, redness and blurring of vision. Sometimes, a person with dry eye will have excess tears running down the cheeks, which may seem confusing. This happens when the eye isn't getting enough lubrication. The eye sends a distress signal through the nervous system for more lubrication. In response, the eye is flooded with emergency tears. However, these tears are mostly water and do not have the lubricating qualities or the rich composition of normal tears. They will wash debris away, but they will not coat the eye surface properly. In addition, because these emergency tears tend to arrive too late, the eye needs to regenerate and treatment is necessary. What causes dry eye?

55. Dry Eyes dry eyes. What are dry eyes? The eye. When there is an imbalance ordeficiency in this tear system, a person may experience dry eye. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/3400/3432.asp?index=9030

56. Sore Dry Eyes In Diabetes Having a slightly dry eye does not damage your eye in anyway, but onlymakes them feel uncomfortable. Summary of dry eye treatment. http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/easdec/sore_dry_eyes_in_diabetes.html

www.diabeticretinopathy.org.uk contents quick search home prevention ... about this site General Information Sore dry eyes in diabetes Where are tears made? dry eyes Blepharitis treatment ... Summary Very dry eyes, see link here See animation If your eyes feel tired, sore or gritty, you may have 'dry eyes'. This is a common problem in diabetes. They may feel 'scratchy' or gritty', as though there is something in them. They also be a little itchy, and they may be red. See animation Where are tears made? Tears are made in a gland near the eyeball, and spread over the front of the eyeball, into tear ducts, and then down into the nose. 'Dry eyes' occur when there are not enough tears to keep your eyes lubricated, or the tears that are produced do not spread evenly across the eyes. Tears are normally made in the lacrimal gland (top left), and flow over the surface of the eye. They run down tiny tear ducts into the nose.

57. Dry Eyes In Winter dry eyes are even worse in winter because the air is drier and indoor heatingcompounds the problem. dry eyes in Winter. Q I have a dry eye problem. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/947797594.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Eyes By keywords: dry eyes Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Dry Eyes in Winter Q: I have a dry eye problem. The condition seems much worse this winter. My ophthalmologist suggested having "punctum plugs" inserted in my eyes. I'm in my early 70's. I would appreciate your opinion as to the safety. A: Tear glands are like a faucet and the tear ducts are the drainpipes. As people age, tear production is diminished, so eyes are drier. Dry eyes are even worse in winter because the air is drier and indoor heating compounds the problem. If you look at the inside corner of your eyes, you'll see a tiny hole (punctum) that is the opening to the tear ducts. Punctal plugs are soft plastic plugs that stop the outflow of tears creating a reservoir effect. Gerald J. Harris , Professor of Ophthalmology at the Medical College of Wisconsin, places the punctal plugs while the patient is sitting in the office chair quickly and painlessly with topical anesthesia. The plugs are very safe and can be removed if the eyes become too watery. Dr. Harris also says they can be used just in the winter, unless your eyes are dry all year round. In that case, you might need permanent closure of the tear ducts with electrocautery.

58. Dry Eyes By keywords Receive HealthLink via email! Subscribe now . dry eyes. I, too,have been told I have dry eyes and to use baby shampoo and eye drops. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/880000054.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Eyes By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Dry Eyes Q: This is in response to your article in yesterday's health section regarding the daughter who had eye problems. I, too, have been told I have dry eyes and to use baby shampoo and eye drops. My eyes bother me a lot because of working on computers all day in an office environment. My doctor has told me that women are more prone to dry eyes as they get older because of hormones, etc. I use the baby shampoo after I initially remove my eye makeup. It removes a lot more even after using other products for my eyes first. I just thought you might be interested to hear that this is quite a common problem. A: I'm glad you've had good results with baby shampoo, a gentle and inexpensive solution to your problem. I have not heard of a connection between dry eyes and hormonal changes, but dry eyes are more common as people age because the tear glands don't produce tears as well. Dry eyes are worsened by the lack of humidity in the winter here and heating systems without built-in humidifiers. Having green plants in the office helps increase the moisture in the air. Some medications like antihistamines or antidepressants can also cause dry eyes. Diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, may be associated with Sjogren's syndrome, a condition involving dry eyes and dry mouth.

59. HealthlinkUSA Dry Eyes Links DryEyeInfo.org dry eye Information DryEyeInfo.org offers information aboutdry eye including the causes of dry eye and options for treating dry eye http://www.healthlinkusa.com/94ent.htm

60. W_dry_eyes.htm The excessive tearing complaints of some dry eye sufferers result from the eye sattempt to compensate for the lack of lubricating tears , which are more often http://www.wa-eyemd.org/w_dry_eyes.htm.htm

Dry Eyes The incidence of dry eyes increases with ageing .While both sexes experience dry eyes , it is most common in post-menopausal women . Further, patients with rheumatoid arthritis are prone to develop severe dry eyes ; as well , some oral medications are known to aggravate dry eyes. If ever there was a mis-named condition , it must be dry eyes. Many people with this condition actually complain of watery eyes that sometimes produce excessive amounts of tears . The name makes sense if you understand the way tears work .There are two types of tears lubricating and reflex Lubricating tears ( a.k.a. basal tear secretion ) are made up of water , mucous , and oil , and they flow constantly across the surface of the eye , bathing it in moisture and protecting it from exposure . The lubricating tear film normally spreads smoothly over the corneal surface with each eyelid blink ; the cornea ( the clear surface tissue of the eye ) is the major optical surface that refracts (bends ) incoming light rays to bring the light to focus on the back of the eye.With dry eyes and the associated rapid break-up of the corneal tear film , one complaint of dry-eyed individuals is momentary blurring of vision that improves with blinking . Lubricating tears also protect the eye from infection , since they contain a number of anti-bacterial substances . For this reason , severely dry-eyed patients should avoid contact lens wear which promotes additional drying and increases the risk of infection further .

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