41. Understanding Diabetes Related Eye Conditions Back to top. diabetic retinopathy. diabetic retinopathy is usually graded accordingto how severe it is. Back to top. Background diabetic retinopathy. http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_rnib0

shopping donations what's new link to us sitemap ... Low Vision Back to: Homepage Eye info Search: Whole site Eye info section Eye info contents Contact us FAQs Useful links Help and information ... Research Library Eye info Print Email Understanding diabetes related eye conditions Summary : Designed to help you understand more about your eye condition, this guide has been written by our experienced eye health team. What is diabetes? Why annual eye examinations are important for people with diabetes How the eye works How can diabetes affect the eye? ... Who can I contact for further information? Understanding diabetes related eye conditions What is diabetes? Estimates suggest that nearly one person in twenty five in the UK is affected by diabetes mellitus, a condition which means that, due to a lack of insulin, the body cannot cope normally with sugar and other carbohydrates in the diet. Diabetes can start in childhood, but more often begins in later life. It can cause complications which affect different parts of the body, the eye being one of them. There are two different types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes: This can also be referred to as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes commonly occurs before the age of 30 and is the result of the body producing little or no insulin. Type 1 is controlled by insulin injections.

42. Georgia Retina---Home Page Specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, macular pucker and macular holes, agerelated macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. http://www.garetina.com/

Our Doctors Patient Info Retinal Disorders Office Locations ... Privacy Notice The physicians of Georgia Retina specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, macular pucker and macular holes, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, ocular trauma, hereditary macular disease, retinopathy of prematurity and other forms of retinal and vitreous pathologies. Search for: Use the Georgia Retina Website search tool to locate a specific topic. Web Page Visitors

43. FAQs: Diabetic Retinopathy - AllAboutVision.com diabetic retinopathy Frequently Asked Questions. 1. What exactly is diabeticretinopathy? 2. Who s at the most risk for diabetic retinopathy? 3. http://www.allaboutvision.com/faq/diabetic.htm

Eye Health Topics Introduction Allergies Amblyopia or Lazy Eye AMD AMD FAQs AMD News Astigmatism Blepharitis Cataracts FAQs Cataract News CMV Retinitis Color Blindness Conjunctivitis Crossed Eyes Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy FAQs Drooping Eyelids Dry Eyes Eye Safety Floaters and Spots Glaucoma Glaucoma FAQs Glaucoma News Hyperopia Keratoconus Macular Degeneration Myopia Ocular Hypertension Photophobia (Light Sensitivity) Pink Eye Presbyopia Ptosis Retinal Detachment Retinitis Pigmentosa Strabismus Styes What's New in Eye Care Products or AllAboutVision.com home Diabetic Retinopathy: Frequently Asked Questions What exactly is diabetic retinopathy? Who's at the most risk for diabetic retinopathy? Is there any way to prevent diabetic retinopathy? What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy? ... What diabetic retinopathy treatments are currently available? 1. What exactly is diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is a condition in which high blood sugar causes retinal blood vessels to swell and leak blood. [top] 2. Who's at the most risk for diabetic retinopathy? Fluctuating blood sugar levels lead to an increased risk of this disease, as does long-term diabetes. Most people don't develop diabetic retinopathy until they've had diabetes for at least 10 years.

44. Fundus Photograph Reading Center Home Page Research protocols in diabetic retinopathy, AIDS, hypertension and agerelated macular degeneration, with standard photographs and ophthalmology related links. http://eyephoto.ophth.wisc.edu

Home Research Areas Photographers Links Related Sites ... Search / index Fundus Photograph Reading Center University of Wisconsin - Madison Fundus Photograph Reading Center University of Wisconsin - Madison General Information Research Areas Photographers Information Related sites ... Current Protocols Our Mission: We further the progress in scientific understanding and treatment of preventable blindness through interpretation of ophthalmic images in clinical studies and by collaboration and integrity in study leadership in the conduct and analysis of these trials. Fundus Photograph Reading Center 406 Science Drive Park West One, Suite 400 Madison, WI 53711 Fundus Photograph Reading Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin - Madison The University of Wisconsin-Madison is an equal opportunity educator and employer contact the Webmaster

45. Prevent Blindness America--Diabetic Retinopathy FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about diabetic retinopathy. For a free copy 3312020.Q What is diabetic retinopathy? diabetic retinopathy http://www.preventblindness.org/eye_problems/diabetic_retFAQ.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Diabetic Retinopathy For a free copy of Prevent Blindness America's diabetic retinopathy brochure, call 1-800-331-2020. Q: What is diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease affecting the blood vessels in the retina (the back layer of the eye) of people with diabetes. The small blood vessels in the retina become weak and break down or become blocked. Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of vision loss and blindness. Q: Who is at risk for diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications associated with the circulatory problems of people with diabetes. The longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk of retinopathy. More than 40 percent of those who have diabetes for 15 or more years have some blood vessel damage. And some of these people develop the most serious result of the disease: severe vision loss or blindness. However, the disease does not affect only people who have had diabetes for many years. It can appear within the first year or two after the onset of the disease. For some people, retinopathy is one of the first signs that they have diabetes. Q: What is the best defense against diabetic retinopathy?

46. Ophthalmologist - Eye Doctor Millburn Short Hills Summit Springfield Union Orang Specializing in comprehensive eye exams, contact lenses, glasses, glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and other procedures. http://www.belredcenter.com/mainsh.htm

EYE CARE - EYE DOCTOR EYE EXAM SUMMIT SPRINGFIELD UNION OPHTHALMOLOGIST in SHORT HILLS - MILLBURN NEW JERSEY specializing in comprehensive eye exams, contact lenses, glasses,glaucoma, cataracts,diabetic retinopathy,macular degeneration Telephone: WELCOME Home General information Eye examinations Contact Lenses ... Facelift Thank you for visiting our web site! We will provide you with information about your eye care. At our eye care center we have been providing Short Hills, Millburn, Summit, Springfield, Union, Orange, Maplewood, Chatham and the surrounding area with a wide array of ophthalmic services such as comprehensive eye examinations, replacement contact lenses and contact lens fitting, low vision evaluation, glaucoma care and laser treatment, cataract surgery, diabetic retinopathy evaluation and laser treatment, macular degeneration diagnosis and preventive measures, refractive surgery for nearsightedness, astigmatism and farsightedness (LASIK), ophthalmic second opinions. At our state of the art optical dispensary department we provide a wide array of designer frames, sun glasses and optical accessories for adults and children. Additionally, we offer specialty products including: sports glasses, diving glasses and magnifiers. We also offer quality craftsmanship with our own in-house optical lab. Please come in and browse our frame selections.

47. Prevent Blindness America--Diabetic Retinopathy FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about diabetic retinopathy. Q What is diabetic retinopathy? Diabeticretinopathy is a major cause of vision loss and blindness. http://www.preventblindness.org/eye_problems/diabetic_retfaq.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Diabetic Retinopathy Q: What is diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease affecting the blood vessels in the retina (the back layer of the eye) of people with diabetes. The small blood vessels in the retina become weak and break down or become blocked. Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of vision loss and blindness. Q: Who is at risk for diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications associated with the circulatory problems of people with diabetes. The longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk of retinopathy. More than 40 percent of those who have diabetes for 15 or more years have some blood vessel damage. And some of these people develop the most serious result of the disease: severe vision loss or blindness. However, the disease does not affect only people who have had diabetes for many years. It can appear within the first year or two after the onset of the disease. For some people, retinopathy is one of the first signs that they have diabetes. Q: What is the best defense against diabetic retinopathy?

48. NAVH-Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy. This article is an attempt to help you understandthe connection between diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. http://www.navh.org/diabret.html

Home News Library Links ... CONTACT Diabetic Retinopathy As part of NAVH's Educational Series we are pleased to provide this excerpt from our article on DIABETIC RETINOPATHY by Stephen G. Shwartz, M.D. Revised 2004 WHAT IS RETINOPATHY, ANYWAY? HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE RETINOPATHY? Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in the United States among working-age adults. In fact, vision loss is 25 times more common in persons with diabetes than in those without diabetes. What's more, the longer a person has had diabetes, the greater the risk of vision loss. As unfortunate as this is, this type of blindness is often preventable. This article is an attempt to help you understand the connection between diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. It will also explain tests and treatments for this condition. WHAT IS RETINOPATHY, ANYWAY? Retinopathy literally means "damage to the retina." There are actually two types of retinopathy that can occur if you have diabetes. The most common type is early or background diabetic retinopathy. In this condition, diabetes has damaged the capillaries of the retina, and microscopic leaks have formed in these vessels. Leakage causes the retina to swell which interferes with normal vision. Background diabetic retinopathy may be associated with macula edema. The macula is the part of the retina affected; edema refers to the swelling caused by leakage. The macula, which enables us to see sharp detail, is the center of the retina, so macular edema can cause problems with central vision.

49. Berkowitz Lab Homepage MRI of retinal oxygenation and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and other retinopathies. http://www.med.wayne.edu/anatomy/berkowitz/

Welcome to the Berkowitz Lab Home Page Goal: To prevent vision loss and blindness due to diabetic retinopathy Approach: Use functional MRI methods to detect the effectiveness of a treatment earlier in the course of disease than is currently possible. About the Lab Funding Movies Images Article about our research ... Related Links About Dr. Berkowitz CV Articles Email ... Directions to the School of Medicine

50. Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust : Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Health diabetic retinopathy, generate a printable page printablepage. diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes is a common disease and http://www.moorfields.org.uk/EyeHealth/DiabeticRetinopathy

Home Eye Health For Patients For Health Professionals ... Squint (strabismus) Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Treatment Retinopathy facts Common Questions ... Eye Health Diabetic Retinopathy printable page Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes is a common disease and has important implications for the short term and long term health of sufferers. This section will tell you more about diabetes and how it affects the eye. Effects of diabetes Fluctuations in blood sugar can cause changes in the focussing of the crystalline lens within the eye and cause temporary visual blurring, particularly if diabetic control is poor. Diabetes can also cause cataracts in young people, or accelerate the development of cataract in older people. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the commonest causes of blindness in the UK in people between the ages of 30-65, and 12% of people who are registered blind and partially sighted each year have diabetic eye disease. At any one time up to 10% of people with diabetes will have retinopathy requiring medical follow up or treatment. Diabetes can also affect other organs, and the presence and severity of retinopathy may be an indicator of increased risk of other complications of diabetes such as ischaemic heart disease, kidney disease, or diabetic neuropathy (which contributes to male impotence, and diabetic foot disease).

51. Complications: Your Eyes & Diabetic Retinopathy Complications Your Eyes diabetic retinopathy Carol Schwartz MD, FRCSC Intype 2 diabetes, the evidence of retinopathy happens much more quickly. http://www.diabetes.ca/Section_About/eyes.asp

Complications Index Complications: Digestive Problems Complications: Dry Skin Complications: Sexual Dysfunction ... Complications Carol Schwartz MD, FRCSC An estimated six percent of Americans, or 14 million individuals, have diabetes mellitus. Of these, about one-third have diabetic retinopathy, a type of blood vessel damage in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy happens just about as often in Canada, and because people with diabetes are now living longer, more are now developing eye disease as a complication. It is now the most common cause of blindness under age 65, and the most common cause of new blindness in North America. What Causes Retinopathy? The single most important risk factor is the length of time you've had diabetes. Several large studies have shown that type 1 patients usually don't develop retinopathy until at least five years after the onset of the disease. After 15 years with diabetes, however, 98 percent of patients demonstrate some retinopathy. In type 2 diabetes, the evidence of retinopathy happens much more quickly. One-fifth of type 2 patients show signs of retinopathy when their diabetes is first diagnosed. Ultimately, diabetes will cause changes in the eyes for 78 percent of type 2 patients.

52. Eye Research Clinical Trials Promotes eye research translating results into patient care. Research scientists specialize in areas of interest such as research for diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, ocular herpes and keratoconus. http://discoveryfund.org/clinicaltrials.html

Home Research Overview Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Ocular Herpes Keratoconus Molecular Ophthalmology Refractive Laser Infants and Children Clinical Trials Our Scientists Clinical Trials Ophthalmic Clinical Trials Center Retina Clinical Trials Age-Related Macular Degeneration Laser Vision Correction ... Discovery Fund's Ophthalmic Clinical Trials Center Launched in early 2000, patients in Los Angeles now have an opportunity to be part of cutting-edge clinical research into new devices and drugs to treat eye problems. Helping patients with eye disorders through their participation in quality research studies is the mission of the Ophthalmic Clinical Trials Center. Since its opening, the Clinical Trials Center has contracted with a number of ophthalmic companies to undertake research projects of great importance to the general public. Along with the Ophthalmology Research Laboratories at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, our team of researchers is paving the way for a unique relationship to unfold - the combination of basic science and clinical research to promote the understanding and management of eye disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Topics for future clinical trials include dry eyes, laser vision correction to prevent "lazy eye" in children, bifocal intraocular lenses, intraocular lenses to correct high myopia and hyperopia, and contact lenses and solutions. For more information, please go to the

53. Diabetic Retinopathy of blood sugar associated with diabetes mellitus can cause the blood vessels thatnourish the retina to leak, indicating the onset of diabetic retinopathy. http://www.steen-hall.com/retinop.html

Our Doctors Laser Vision Correction Cataract Surgery Conductive Keratoplasty ... Retinal Conditions (Including Macular Degeneration) Surgery Cornea Glaucoma General Eye Care Latest Information ... Financing Seminars SEARCH Home Diabetic Retinopathy An Overview of Diabetes Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy Care and Treatment Preventing Diabetic Retinopathy An Overview of Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a condition and not a disease. It results when the pancreas fails to produce the hormone, insulin, in sufficient quantity. Insulin is a vital component in the chemical reactions that convert carbohydrate sugars into energy for use by the body. If there is an inadequate supply of insulin, the body is unable to process sugar properly, leading to a buildup of sugar in the bloodstream. In turn, high levels of blood sugar causes numerous problems in different parts of the body. There is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves control of blood sugar through careful diet and the use of insulin or other medications. In some instances, even these measures are insufficient to control the level of blood sugar in order to prevent problems associated with the condition. Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy The retina is the layer of photoreceptor nerve cells lining the back, inside wall of the eye. Just like the film in a camera, the retina reacts to the presence of light. The photoreceptor nerve cells generate a nerve impulse whenever they are exposed to light. These nerve impulses travel via the optic nerve to the brain where an image is perceived.

54. Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy. Low Vision Problem in the Diabetic. Richard L.Windsor Related Links on diabetic retinopathy. National Eye Institute http://www.lowvision.org/diabetic_retinopathy.htm

Diabetic Retinopathy Low Vision Problem in the Diabetic Richard L. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Laura K. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Published in Vision Enhancement Journal Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in the United States for patients age 20 to 74. Diabetes can affect vision in a variety of ways. Vision loss occurs commonly from two major problems proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Both are treatable with laser if detected early, but laser treatments may also create additional vision problems for the diabetic patient. Visually impaired diabetics have specific needs to be addresses in the low vision examination. Diabetics must be able to see to fill insulin syringes and take oral medications. They need to see to test their blood sugar. Diabetics need to read labels on food containers to control their intake of carbohydrates. Diabetics, additionally, may have neuropathies affecting their feet. If the patient is unable to see his or her feet, care by their physician, podiatrist or family may be needed to monitor the health of their extremities. Glare and the loss of contrast sensitivity need to be addressed. Fluctuating Vision Diabetics often experience fluctuations in their vision related to changes in nearsightedness or farsightedness caused by ups and downs in their blood sugar. As blood sugar changes, the shape of the human crystalline lens changes. Before prescribing eyeglasses for a diabetic patient, doctors frequently retest the patient on another day to test for these fluctuations.

55. Diabetic Retinopathy - Everybody - New Zealand Consumer Health Information diabetic retinopathy. What is it? It is an abnormality of blood vesselswhich supply the retina, the layer lining the inside of the http://www.everybody.co.nz/docsd_h/diabret.htm

Advertisers do not influence the content of this page home ll conditions ll bulletin board ll healthy living ll ll tools ll NZ health scene ll quizzes health research ll find an LMC ll hospitals ll nutrition research ll OTC medicines guide ll contact ll about us Health Conditions A-Z Quick Links Achilles Tendonitis Acid Reflux Acne AIDS Allergic Reaction (Severe) Allergic Rhinitis Alzheimer's Disease Amblyopia Anaphylaxis Ankle Ligament Tears Ankylosing Spondylitis Angina Arthritis - What is it?

56. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management - Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A microvascular The developmentof diabetic retinopathy is timedependent. Even in the face of http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect5d.htm

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A microvascular disease that primarily affects the capillaries, diabetes mellitus affects the eye by destroying the vasculature in the conjunctiva, retina and central nervous system. Patients may present with histories of long-standing injected bulbar conjunctivae along with systemic complaints of weight loss despite larger than normal appetite (polyphasia), abnormal thirst (polydypsia) and abnormally frequent urination (polyuria). Fluctuating visual acuity secondary to unstable blood sugar is a common ocular sign. Swelling within the crystalline lens results in large sudden shifts in refraction as well as premature cataract formation. Changes in visual acuity will depend upon the severity and stage of the disease. In the retina, weakening of the arterioles and capillaries may result in the characteristic appearance of intraretinal dot and blot hemorrhages, exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) microaneurysms, edema and cotton wool infarcts. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the result of severe vascular compromise and is visible as neovascularization of the disc (NVD), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) and neovascularization of the iris (NVI, or rubeosis irides). Neurological complications include palsies of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves as well as diabetic papillitis and facial nerve paralysis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Diabetes mellitus is a genetically influenced group of diseases that share glucose intolerance. It is characterized as a disorder of metabolic regulation as a result of deficient or malfunctioning insulin or deficient or malfunctioning cellular insulin receptors.

57. MayoClinic.com - Diabetic Retinopathy Having diabetes puts you at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.But you diabetic retinopathy By Mayo Clinic staff Overview http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00447

58. Diabetic Retinopathy Research The Discovery Fund for Eye Research is testing a treatment for hemorrhages in thevitreous of the eye common in diabetic retinopathy. diabetic retinopathy. http://www.discoveryfund.org/diabeticretinopathy.html

Home Research Overview Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Ocular Herpes Keratoconus Molecular Ophthalmology Refractive Laser Infants and Children Clinical Trials Our Scientists Diabetic Retinopathy Above center is a normal retina. An eye with moderate diabetic retinopathy (bottom left) and one with severe diabetic retinopathy (bottom right). Diabetic retinopathy is the most common of all diabetic eye diseases and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults between the ages of 24 and 44. It is the second most common cause of blindness in people who are 45 to 74 years old. One of every eight new cases of blindness in the United States is due to diabetic retinopathy. This affliction is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina . In some cases they leak fluid and the retina becomes swollen. In other cases abnormal new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina. These developments may result in partial loss of vision or total blindness. We have been investigating the biochemical changes that occur in these abnormal blood vessels and cause them to leak. We were first to discover that the vitreous of diabetic eyes have increased levels of several MMP enzymes, and more importantly that diabetic eyes contain an MMP that is not seen in the eyes of people without diabetes.

59. Diabetic Retinopathy - Causes And Treatments diabetic retinopathy a complete graphic description of this common eye disease,its causes, treatments and related procedures. diabetic retinopathy. Overview. http://www.theretinasource.com/conditions/diabetic_retinopathy.htm

Who is TheRetinaSource.com? Home Retina News Retina Conditions ... Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Overview Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or the body is unable to process it properly. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes can affect children and adults. How does diabetes affect the retina? Patients with diabetes are more likely to develop eye problems such as cataracts and glaucoma, but the disease’s affect on the retina is the main threat to vision. Most patients develop diabetic changes in the retina after approximately 20 years. The effect of diabetes on the eye is called diabetic retinopathy. Over time, diabetes affects the circulatory system of the retina. The earliest phase of the disease is known as background diabetic retinopathy. In this phase, the arteries in the retina become weakened and leak, forming small, dot-like hemorrhages. These leaking vessels often lead to swelling or edema in the retina and decreased vision.

60. Diabetic Retinopathy Fact Sheet WHAT IS diabetic retinopathy? While diabetes can affect many parts of the eye,its mostcommon manifestation takes the form of diabetic retinopathy. http://www.eri.harvard.edu/htmlfiles/dr.html

Text Only Back to Your Eyes and You See also: Diagram of the Eye and Glossary of Terms Meet Rich Godfrey, our Volunteer Patient Liaison Questions: You can scroll down through the entire document or click on any of the questions below to see the answer. What is diabetic retinopathy? What are the warning signs of diabetic retinopathy? Who is affected by diabetic retinopathy? How is diabetic retinopathy treated? ... What research is underway at The Schepens Eye Research Institute? WHAT IS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY? A complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in people ages 40 to 60 in the U.S. Diabetes is characterized by excessively high levels of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood, resulting from the body's inability to properly utilize certain food elements like sugar and starches. Diabetes manifests itself throughout the body and can cause kidney failure, heart disease, and blindness. While diabetes can affect many parts of the eye, its mostcommon manifestation takes the form of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue that lines the eye's back wall. There are two forms of the disease; nonproliferative (or background) retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy. Background retinopathy can be a precursor to the more serious proliferative retinopathy. With background retinopathy, the blood vessels in the retina change in diameter some shrink and others swell. This disturbs blood flow in the retina; it may lead to hemorrhaging or to restriction of vital blood supply in other areas. This condition is usually not sight-threatening, but it can be a warning sign of further damage and should be monitored carefully. Fortunately, in about 60% of diabetic patients with background retinopathy, the condition does not worsen.

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