21. New York City Department Of Health And Mental Hygiene - Communicable Disease - C cryptosporidiosis. What is cryptosporidiosis? Extra Precautions to Avoid cryptosporidiosis for Persons with HIV/AIDS or Other Causes of Immunosuppression. http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/cdcry.html

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Communicable Disease Cryptosporidiosis What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum , which until 1976 was not known to cause disease in humans. Cryptosporidiosis was responsible for a large outbreak of diarrheal disease in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1993, due to contamination of the public drinking water supply. In 2001, there were 123 cases reported among New York City residents (rate of 1.5 cases per 100,000 persons). Who gets cryptosporidiosis? Anyone, but it causes more severe illness in persons with HIV/AIDS and others with impaired immune systems. How is cryptosporidiosis spread? Infected animals and humans have Cryptosporidium in their digestive systems. Calves are often infected, although any cat or dog, farm animal, or wild mammal can become infected. When infected, Cryptosporidium oocysts (egg-like forms of the organism)are passed in their stool (feces). People can become infected by touching stool (feces) or objects contaminated by stool (feces) and then touching their mouth with unwashed hands. Persons and animals can also become infected by drinking water or eating raw or undercooked food that is contaminated with stool (feces) from infected animals or persons. Some people have become sick after swimming in public pools contaminated with stools (feces) from infected persons. Sexual activity presents a risk whenever there is fecal contamination. It may take very few oocysts to cause infection.

22. EMedicine - Cryptosporidiosis : Article By Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that was first associated with human gastrointestinal disease in 1976. cryptosporidiosis. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic516.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Parasitology Cryptosporidiosis Last Updated: September 12, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium parvum, diarrhea AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Emory University School of Medicine Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics , and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society Editor(s): Michael D Nissen, BMedSc, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA , Director of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital at Brisbane, Australia; Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, Australia; Robert Konop, PharmD

23. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet cryptosporidiosis is an illness in which a parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, is present in the intestinal tract. What is cryptosporidiosis? http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/crypto.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Cryptosporidiosis Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Cryptosporidiosis fact sheet What is cryptosporidiosis? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Diagnosis and treatment ... Cryptosporidiosis in King County What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an illness in which a parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum , is present in the intestinal tract. The parasite produces cysts (eggs) which are passed from the body in the stool (bowel movements). People with strong, healthy immune systems usually recover on their own. People with weak immune systems may have symptoms for longer periods and repeated illness episodes. What are the symptoms?

24. Reportable Infectious Diseases And Conditions idph online home, Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson Street Springfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547 http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/infect/reportdis/cryptosporidiosis.htm

Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet Cryptosporidiosis Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson Street Springfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217-782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547-0466 Questions or Comments

25. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS. What is cryptosporidiosis? cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by an intestinal parasite. http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbcrypto.htm

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by an intestinal parasite. Watery diarrhea and often abdominal cramping are the major symptoms. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss and low-grade fever. In some patients, symptoms will come and go and in other patients they will be persistent. Symptoms usually occur about a week after exposure, but can begin as soon as one day or as late as 12 days after exposure. How do you get cryptosporidiosis? The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is found in the feces of infected animals and people. Persons, dogs and cats become infected when they swallow this parasite. This is one reason why hands should be washed after contact with pets. Hands also should be washed after changing a child's diaper and after using the toilet. Other activities that bring a person in contact with feces of another person can result in exposure. The parasite, which can be present in sewage or runoff from feed lots, can contaminate water sources, and several large waterborne outbreaks have occurred. Outbreaks also have occurred in child day care centers. In Illinois, 75-100 cases of cryptosporidiosis are reported annually. How serious is cryptosporidiosis?

26. Cryptosporidiosis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheetcryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet. PDF Version of this Fact Sheet. Cryptosporidium There is no specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis. Replacing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cryptosporidiosis is a mammalian disease affecting the intestines caused by the protozoal parasite Cryptosporidium . It is a disease primarily spread through the oral-fecal route ; the main symptom is diarrhea . Despite not being identified until 1976 it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and found worldwide. The disease and parasite name are sometimes abbreviated to just Crypto Infection is through contaminated material such as earth, water, or uncooked foods that have been in contact with the feces of an infected individual. Contact must then be transferred to the mouth and swallowed. It is especially prevelent amongst those in regular contact with bodies of fresh water whether through work or recreation. Symptoms appear from two to ten days after infection and last for up to two weeks or so. As well as watery diarrhea there is often stomach pains or cramps and a low fever. Some individuals are asymptomatic but still infective. Even after symptoms have finally subsided that individual is still infective for some weeks. There is no cure for the disease and treatment is limited to palliative care, especially the replacement of lost fluids. A number of species of Cryptosporidium infect mammals. In humans the main causes of disease are

27. Cryptosporidiosis Action Plan For Maryland cryptosporidiosis Action Plan for Maryland. Maryland cryptosporidiosis Task Force The Maryland cryptosporidiosis Task Force convenes http://edcp.org/guidelines/crypto98.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Cryptosporidiosis Action Plan for Maryland Maryland Cryptosporidiosis Task Force Goals of the Cryptosporidi Plan of Action in Maryland Public Health Response and Risk Communication ... References Introduction: Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, is found in the feces of infected people, cattle, and other domestic animals. It has been a recognized human pathogen since 1976. It affects people with HIV infection and other immunosuppressed persons more severely than the general population. It has been identified as a cause of sporadic human gastrointestinal disease and sometimes of outbreaks - the largest being the 1993 waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee in which more than 400,000 persons became ill. It has also been transmitted by person-to-person contact in child care setting, through food, and through sexual activity that involve contact with feces. Cryptosporidiosis has become a significant public health issue, particularly because studies indicate that Cryptosporidium oocysts are present in 65%-97% of surface water prior to treatment (i.e., rivers, lakes, and streams) tested throughout the U.S. Because Cryptosporidium is highly resistant to chemical disinfectants used to treat drinking water, physical removal of the parasite from water by filtration is an important component of the municipal water treatment process.

28. UC Davis - Office Of Environmental Health & Safety Large outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have occurred in cities when the city water supply has become contaminated. cryptosporidiosis http://ehs.ucdavis.edu/animal/health/crypto.cfm

Cryptosporidiosis Significance Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite can infect mammals, birds, reptiles and even fish. It belongs to a larger group of parasites that are collectively called “coccidia”. Cryptosporidium is a common cause of human diarrhea, although it’s less common than diarrhea caused by human viruses. Large outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis have occurred in cities when the city water supply has become contaminated. Cryptosporidiosis is especially common in the young, both in animals and in man. Most infected people recover without treatment but C. parvum can cause especially severe disease in people that have weakened immune systems or who are positive for HIV. Biology People and animals are infected with C. parvum when they allow fecal material from an infected person or animal to enter their mouth. The organism reproduces rapidly in the intestine, and the feces of infected animals and humans are highly infectious. The disease is diagnosed by finding oocysts in the feces of patient. The oocysts are highly resistant to disinfectants. Infected feces from wild or domestic animals may cause ponds, lakes, and reservoirs to become contaminated. Two to ten days after ingesting the organism, a watery diarhea may develop, often accompanied by cramping, nausea, and malaise. Healthy individuals generally recover in 3-14 days without any treatment. In people whose immune systems are compromised, the diarrhea can be much worse, and the organism can sometimes invade organs other than the intestine.

29. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet cryptosporidiosis. What is cryptosporidiosis? cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium, a singlecelled parasite. http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/healthtips/BCD/Cryptosporidiosis.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search Disease Fact Sheet Series: Cryptosporidiosis What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium , a single-celled parasite. Is cryptosporidiosis a new disease? Although Cryptosporidium is not new, it was not recognized as a cause of human disease until 1976. What are the signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? By far, the most common symptom is diarrhea which is usually watery and profuse, and often accompanied by abdominal cramping. Nausea, vomiting, fever, headache and loss of appetite may also occur. Rarely, the parasite can cause an inflammation of the gall bladder or infect the lining of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Some persons infected with Cryptosporidium may not become ill. Who is susceptible to cryptosporidiosis and how long does the illness last? All persons are presumed susceptible to infection with Cryptosporidium . In most healthy persons with normal immune systems, signs and symptoms generally persist for two weeks or less, although they may improve and then worsen during that time period. However, immune compromised persons may be unable to clear the parasite and may have much more severe and long lasting illness. (Some examples of immune compromised persons include people receiving cancer chemotherapy, kidney dialysis patients, persons on steroid therapy, people infected with HIV, and patients with Crohn's disease.)

30. Notifiable Condition: Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis. cryptosporidiosis in Washington State New requirements for the reporting of cryptosporidiosis were instituted in December of 2000. http://www.doh.wa.gov/notify/nc/cryptosporidiosis.htm

You are here: DOH Home Notifiable Conditions » Cryptosporidiosis Index Search Employees Site Directory: Notifiable Conditions: Cryptosporidiosis Other links concerning Notifiable Conditions Local Health Jurisdictions How to Report a Notifiable Condition Reporting Forms Glossary ... EpiTrends Posters PDF documents require the free Acrobat Reader. Click here to download a copy Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis in Washington State New requirements for the reporting of cryptosporidiosis were instituted in December of 2000. In the first year of reporting, DOH received 73 case reports. Cryptosporidia Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance To identify sources of transmission (e.g., a commercial product or public water supply) and to prevent further transmission from such sources. When the source is a risk for only a few individuals (e.g., an animal or private water supply), to inform those individuals how they can reduce their risk of exposure.

31. WA State Department Of Health - Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet Cryptosporidium is a onecelled parasite that can cause a gastrointestinal illness called cryptosporidiosis. What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? http://www.doh.wa.gov/Notify/factsheets/cryptosporidiosis.htm

You are here: DOH Home Notifiable Conditions » Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet Search Employees FACT SHEET Communicable Disease Epidemiology October 2002 Cryptosporidium What is cryptosporidium? Cryptosporidium is a one-celled parasite that can cause a gastrointestinal illness called cryptosporidiosis. Where does it come from? Cryptosporidium occurs in the feces of infected animals or humans. It is environmentally resistant and may survive outside the body for long periods of time. To become infected, a person must consume contaminated food or water, including from streams or rivers. What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headaches, nausea, vomiting and a low-grade fever. These symptoms can last for weeks and may result in weight loss and dehydration. Symptoms are more severe for people with weakened immune systems and can lead to death. Who are people with weakened immune systems? Persons on chemotherapy, organ or bone marrow recipients, persons with HIV or AIDS, malnourished children, the very young and the very old.

32. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium, a singlecelled parasite. cryptosporidiosis. What is cryptosporidiosis? http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/954992544.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Infections/Infectious Diseases By keywords: infection cryptosporidium diarrhea Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Cryptosporidiosis What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium , a single-celled parasite. Is cryptosporidiosis a new disease? Although Cryptosporidium is not new, it was not recognized as a cause of human disease until 1976. Most people had never heard of the disease until 1993, when over 400,000 people in Milwaukee, Wisconsin became ill after drinking water contaminated with the parasite. Since the Milwaukee outbreak, concern about the safety of drinking water has increased, and new attention has been focused on determining and reducing the risk for cryptosporidiosis from community and municipal water supplies. What are the signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? By far, the most common symptom is diarrhea which is usually watery and profuse, and often accompanied by abdominal cramping. Nausea, vomiting, fever, headache and loss of appetite may also occur. Rarely, the parasite can cause an inflammation of the gall bladder or infect the lining of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Some persons infected with

33. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis. There have also been a few cases of cryptosporidiosis of the lungs in people with AIDS, which resembles PCP, and in the nasal passages. http://www.aidsmap.com/Treatments/ixdata/english/87CED256-A8B6-438E-8EDF-9B306D2

take me to... News What's new Treatments - Treatments overview - Anti-HIV therapy - A-Z of drugs - Emerging therapies - Medical tests - Symptoms and illnesses - Clinical trials - The Wheel A treatment planner Introductions to HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS basics - HIV/AIDS statistics - About HIV treatments - About side effects Global Issues - Intro to global issues - About the epidemic - Prevention technology - Public Health - Community action Int. HIV/AIDS Alliance - About the Alliance - Alliance news - Alliance publications Online publications - Factsheets - Patient Information Series - AIDS Treatment Update AIDS orgs worldwide NAM's bookshop Online Discussions Search aidsmap Links Online Help Who produces aidsmap? Privacy statement Cryptosporidiosis Updated: Aug 01, 2003 Cryptosporidiosis (sometimes called `crypto' for short - but not to be confused with cryptococcal meningitis) was first reported in humans in 1976. It is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum , which has been found in 10-15% of people with AIDS in the USA and 30%-50% in Africa and Haiti (Petersen).

34. Vermont Department Of Health cryptosporidiosis. Click on the document below for a fact sheet regarding cryptosporidiosis. cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet PDF file. http://www.state.vt.us/health/crsporid.htm

Cryptosporidiosis Click on the document below for a fact sheet regarding Cryptosporidiosis. It is a PDF file so you'll need Adobe Acrobat Reader to open it. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet PDF file The Vermont Department of Health Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention P.O. Box 70, Burlington, VT 05402 863-7240 or 1-800-640-4374 toll-free Find the information you need quickly by searching the VDH website: Vermont Department of Health 108 Cherry Street, Burlington, VT 05402-0070 Last Update : 5/29/00 Comments or questions regarding this web site? Send e-mail to the Webkeeper@vdh.state.vt.us

35. Cryptosporidiosis Faq cryptosporidiosis. What is cryptosporidiosis? cryptosporidiosis is caused by a parasite called CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. Can cryptosporidiosis be prevented? http://www.tthhivclinic.com/cryptosp.htm

INFORMATION ON HIV Go to other sections: Select a link HIV Overview/Stages of Infection The Life Cycle of HIV Disease Symptoms Fact Sheets Symptoms: Select a link Apthous Ulcers Candidiasis Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Cryptococcal Meningitis Cryptosporidiosis Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Histoplasmosis Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lymphoma Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Oral Hairy Leukoplakia PAP test/PAP smear and HIV paptest PAP test/PAP smear and HIV Peripheral Neuropathy Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) Wasting Ontario HIV Clinics' Fact Sheet Cryptosporidiosis What is Cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a parasite called CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. The parasite enters through your mouth and most often infects your bowels. However, it can also infect your gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, bile ducts and lungs. How do I get it? Cryptopsoridium can be found in contaminated food and water. It can be passed from person to person by poor handwashing, eating or drinking contaminated food and water, and by oral-anal sex (rimming). Cryptosporidium is found by testing stool samples or by a biopsy (taking a small sample of tissue from an organ in your body and looking under a microscope for the parasite). Symptoms: What do I look for?

36. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis. (This material is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical care. What is cryptosporidiosis? http://www.state.sd.us/doh/Pubs/crypto.htm

South Dakota Department of Health - Office of Disease Prevention - 605-773-3737 in South Dakota only) CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS (This material is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical care. Direct specific questions to your medical provider.) What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Cryptosporidium. This organism has long been recognized as a parasite of a wide variety of vertebrates but it was not noted to cause disease in man until 1976. Since then, it has been identified as a cause of sporadic human gastrointestinal disease as well as large common source outbreaks, particularly water-borne outbreaks. Who gets cryptosporidiosis? Anyone can get cryptosporidiosis, but there are some groups of people who are at increased risk for getting it such as children and care providers at daycare centers, people who drink contaminated water, people exposed to human feces through sexual contact or while caring for a person with cryptosporidiosis, and people that work closely with animals, especially domestic animals. How is the parasite spread?

37. Cryptosporidiosis - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms cryptosporidiosis An intestinal infection characterized by diarrhea caused by a microscopic parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. The http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32365

38. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis. cryptosporidiosis fact sheet. It includes information on the symptoms, treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis. http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/C0010418L0010418.html

low graphics Cryptosporidiosis other: Cyclosporiasis Giardiasis Malaria Toxoplasmosis ... Cryptosporidiosis fact sheet This brief patient information fact sheet is provided by the Community Health Administration for the State of Maryland. It includes information on the symptoms, treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis. Public Health Patient Education Cryptosporidiosis Reducing exposure to cryptosporidial infection : advice for families with an immuno-compromised child This leaflet, aimed at parents of immuno-compromised children, provides information about cryptosporidial infection. It explains what the infection is, who is most at risk, how it is spread, and how to reduce the risk of acquiring it, and medication. Published on the Web by Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital (GOSH) and the Institute of Child Health (ICH). Also available in PDF requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader. Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Immunocompromised Host Cryptosporidiosis Child Last modified: 27 May 2004

39. Vm.cfsan.fda.gov/cgi-bin/bbbglos?Cryptosporidiosis More results from vm.cfsan.fda.gov cryptosporidiosis What is cryptosporidiosis? cryptosporidiosis (kriptoe-spo-rid-eo-sis), is a diarrheal disease caused by a parasite. The parasite http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/cgi-bin/bbbglos?Cryptosporidiosis

40. Cryptosporidium Parvum States. cryptosporidiosis is now recognized as an important opportunisitic infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Cryptosporidium http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/cryptosporidium.html

Cryptosporidium parvum cryptosporidosis Members of the genus Cryptosporidium are parasites of the intestinal tracts of fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It seems that members of this genus do not display a high degree of host specificity, so the number of species in this genus remains a matter of some discussion. Cryptosporidium isolated from humans is now referred to as C. parvum Cryptosporidium infections have been reported from a variety of wild and domesticated animals, and in the last six or seven years literally hundreds of human infections have been reported, including epidemics in several major urban areas in the United States. Cryptosporidiosis is now recognized as an important opportunisitic infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Cryptosporidium view diagram of the life cycle ). Transmission of the infection occurs via the oocysts. Many human infections have been traced to the contamination of drinking water with oocysts from agricultural "run-off" (i.e., drainage from pastures), so it is considered a zoonosis. In most patients infected with cryptosporidiosis the infection causes a short term, mild diarrhea. Since such symptoms are associated with a number of ailments, infected individuals may not seek medical treatment, and the infection may subside on its own. Thus, it is difficult to say how many people are infected. On the other hand, in persons with compromised immune systems, this parasite can cause a pronounced, chronic diarrhea; in severe cases the infected individual may produce up to 15 liters/day of stools, and this may go on for weeks or months. Needless to say, such an infection, if not fatal unto itself, can exacerbate other opportunitistic infections common in immunocompromised hosts.

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