1. NINDS Mobius Syndrome Information Page Also known as congenital facial diplegia, an information sheet compiled by NINDS. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/mobius.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about Mobius Syndrome Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Mobius Syndrome Information Page Synonym(s): Congenital Facial Diplegia Reviewed 9-10-2003 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Mobius Syndrome? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Organizations What is Mobius Syndrome? Mobius syndrome is a rare birth defect caused by the absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, which control eye movements and facial expression. The first symptom, present at birth, is an inability to suck. Other symptoms can include: feeding, swallowing, and choking problems; excessive drooling; crossed eyes; lack of facial expression; inability to smile; eye sensitivity; motor delays; high or cleft palate; hearing problems; and speech difficulties. Small or absent brain stem nuclei that control the cranial nerves, as well as decreased numbers of muscle fibers, have been reported. Deformities of the tongue, jaw, and limbs, such as clubfoot and missing or webbed fingers, may also occur. As children get older, lack of facial expression and inability to smile become the dominant visible symptoms. The prognosis for otherwise normal development is excellent in most cases.

2. Moebius Syndrome (Congenital Facial Diplegia) HOME. Moebius Syndrome/Sequence (congenital facial diplegia). Moebius Syndrome;MOBIUS SYNDROME; congenital facial diplegia; SINDROME DI MOEBIUS. HOME. http://www.bdid.com/moebius.htm

HOME Moebius Syndrome/Sequence (Congenital Facial Diplegia) Moebius Support MOEBIUS SEQUENCE/SYNDROME MOEBIUS SYNDROME SUPPORT NETWORK Mobius Syndrome ... HOME

3. MOEBIUS SYNDROME (CONGENITAL FACIAL DIPLEGIA) Features Listed For MOEBIUS SYNDROME (congenital facial diplegia) McKusick 157900. Absent fingers or oligodactyly. Absent or hypoplastic pectorals. Absent or hypoplastic pectorals. Absent or hypoplastic tongue. Brachydactyly Expressionless/dull face. Facial weakness. Postaxial polydactyly of fingers http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/dhmhd-bin/hum-look-up?1149

4. Facial Nerve q13; Dominant. Clinical. congenital facial diplegia; ± Asymmetric. Ophthalmoplegia, esp VI nerve Facial diplegia. Ptosis. Facial deformities Anteverted nostrils, Malformed and lowset http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nanatomy/vii.htm

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info FACIAL NERVE (VII) DISORDERS Anatomy Bell's palsy Differential diagnosis Facial nerve: Anatomy 2 roots Motor from facial nucleus Nervus intermedius Preganglionic parasympathetics (from superior salivatory nucleus) Branches Nerve to stapedius muscle Chorda tympani: Taste Sensory auricular branch Some axons may arise from vagus (Arnold's nerve) Motor: Facial muscles Facial nerve: Anatomical Diagram External link Brainstem anatomy Nerve anatomy: USUHS Yale Facial nerve paralysis: Signs Facial asymmetry Eyebrow droop Drooping of corner of mouth Uncontrolled tearing Inability to close eye Lips cannot be held tightly together: Diificulty keeping food in mouth Facial muscle atrophy (Late) Facial Paresis: Left Bell's Palsy Epidemiology Lifetime prevalence: 6.4 per 1,000 Incidence: Increased with age Overall: 0.5 per year per 1,000 Age 20: 0.1 per year per 1,000 Age 80: 0.6 per year per 1,000 Male = Female Recurrence: 7% Side: Right in 63% ? Increased incidence with diabetes Clinical Features Onset Paralysis: Progresses over 3 to 72 hours Pain (50%): Near mastoid process Excess tearing (33%) Other: Hyperacusis; Dysgeusia

5. Moebius Syndrome - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library Synonyms. congenital facial diplegia Syndrome; Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis;Mobius Syndrome; Moebieus Sequence. Disorder Subdivisions. None. General Discussion. http://www.questdiagnostics.com/kbase/nord/nord451.htm

document.write(''); var hwPrint=1; var hwDocHWID="nord451"; var hwDocTitle="Moebius Syndrome"; var hwRank="1"; var hwSectionHWID="nord451"; var hwSectionTitle=""; var hwSource="us6.0"; var hwProdCfgSerNo="wsh_html_059_c"; var hwDocType="NORD"; National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Moebius Syndrome Important It is possible that the main title of the report is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Congenital Facial Diplegia Syndrome Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis Mobius Syndrome Moebieus Sequence Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Moebius syndrome is a rare developmental disorder that may have a number of different causes and is characterized by facial paralysis present at birth (congenital). Facial nerve development is absent or diminished causing abnormalities of the facial muscles and jaw. The sixth (abducens) and seventh (facialis) cranial nerves are most often affected. Additional symptoms may include numerous abnormalities of the mouth and face (orofacial region) and malformations of limbs. Mental retardation occurs in approximately 10 percent of cases. Most cases of Moebius syndrome occur randomly, for no apparent reason (sporadic cases). Resources Children's Craniofacial Association 13140 Coit Road Dallas, TX 75240

6. MedlinePlus: Facial Injuries And Disorders Know the Score on Facial Sports Injuries ( American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Mobius Syndrome (congenital facial diplegia) ( National Institute of Neurological Disorders and http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Facial Injuries and Disorders Contents of this page: General/Overviews Anatomy/Physiology Treatment Genetics ... Children Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Facial Injuries and Disorders You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Bell's Palsy Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Trigeminal Neuralgia ... Injuries and Wounds General/Overviews Facial Injuries (American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons) - Links to PDF File Anatomy/Physiology Atlas of the Body: The Skull (American Medical Association) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniofacial Abnormalities (National Institutes of Health) Specific Conditions/Aspects Coffin Lowry Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary Craniofacial Syndrome Descriptions (Children's Craniofacial Association) Craniosynostosis and Craniofacial Disorders (American Association of Neurological Surgeons) Crouzon Syndrome (Craniofacial Dysostosis) (Cleft Palate Foundation) Hemifacial Spasm (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary Holoprosencephaly (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary Information About Pierre Robin Sequence/Complex (Cleft Palate Foundation) Know the Score on Facial Sports Injuries (American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery) Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary

7. Möbius' Syndrome II (www.whonamedit.com) algera; arthrogryposis; congenital abducensfacial paralysis; congenital bulbar paralysis;congenital facial diplegia; congenital facial paralysis; congenital http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/52.html

Home List categories Eponyms A-Z Biographies by country ... Contact Whonamedit.com does not give medical advice. This survey of medical eponyms and the persons behind them is meant as a general interest site only. No information found here must under any circumstances be used for medical purposes, diagnostically, therapeutically or otherwise. If you, or anybody close to you, is affected, or believe to be affected, by any condition mentioned here: see a doctor. Möbius' syndrome II Also known as: Möbius anomalad Synonyms: Akinesia algera; arthrogryposis; congenital abducens-facial paralysis; congenital bulbar paralysis; congenital facial diplegia; congenital facial paralysis; congenital nuclear agenesis; congenital nuclear aplasia; congenital occulofacial paralysis; congenital paralysis of the sixth and seventh nerves; infantile nuclear aplasia; nuclear agenesis syndrome; oculofacial paralysis syndrome; Associated persons: Paul Julius Möbius Description: In this very rare syndrome, the abducens and facial nerves, which originate in the brain stem, may not develop from birth. It is characterized by congenital palsy of the external rectus and facial muscles, usually bilateral, associated with paralysis of the sixth and seventh nerves. The patient has a masklike expression and is unable to abduct the eyes beyond midpoint. Involvement of the jaw may cause feeding problems. Other central nervous system dysfunctions may cause abnormalities in the hands, hips, and feet. The clinical features are not constant. Mental retardation occurs in approximately ten percent of cases. The condition has been observed in siblings and is thought to be genetic.

8. NINDS - Health And Medical Type II Coffin Lowry Syndrome Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State ComplexRegional Pain Syndrome congenital facial diplegia Congenital Myasthenia http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/research.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about a disorder Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health Please Select a Disorder (includes synonyms and research topics) The following links will open a new browser window to NIH's PubMed website Select a letter to jump to the disorder... or return to top of page A B C D ... Z A ADHD AIDS - Neurological Complications Absence of the Septum Pellucidum Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia ... Autonomic Dysfunction Select a letter to jump to the disorder... or return to top of page A B C D ... Z B Back Pain Barth Syndrome Batten Disease Behcet's Disease ... Bulbospinal Muscular Atrophy Select a letter to jump to the disorder... or return to top of page A B C D ... Z C Canavan Disease Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causalgia Cavernomas ... Cytomegalovirus Infection Select a letter to jump to the disorder... or return to top of page A B C D ... Z D Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome Dandy-Walker Syndrome Dawson Disease De Morsier's Syndrome ... Dystonias Select a letter to jump to the disorder... or return to

9. Mobius Syndrome - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention options. ? Mobius Syndrome Also known as congenital facial diplegia,an information sheet compiled by NINDS. ? Moebius Syndrome http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/genetic-disorders/mobius-syndrome.html

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... genetic disorders > mobius syndrome Mobius Syndrome Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Medical Definition Health News Web Directory: Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "Mobius' syndrome" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Mobius Syndrome Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: About.com with Laura L. Jelliffe, Ph.D. Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of mobius syndrome. Information on research, community outreach and support. MCW Healthlink: Mobius Syndrome Details about this disease, including what it is, the causes, symptoms and treatment options. Mobius Syndrome Also known as congenital facial diplegia, an information sheet compiled by NINDS.

10. EMedicine - Möbius Syndrome : Article By Cheryl Ann Palmer, MD Möbius Syndrome Möbius syndrome is due, in part, to loss of function of motor cranial nerves. Although von Graefe described a case of congenital facial diplegia in 1880, the syndrome was only http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic612.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Neurology Pediatric Neurology Möbius Syndrome Last Updated: November 28, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: congenital facial diplegia, congenital nuclear agenesis, congenital nuclear hypoplasia, congenital oculofacial paralysis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Cheryl Ann Palmer, MD , Fellowship Director, Associate Professor, Departments of Pathology and Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Cheryl Ann Palmer, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology American Association of Neuropathologists College of American Pathologists , and Medical Association of the State of Alabama Editor(s): Robert Baumann, MD , Program Director, Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Kentucky;

11. Moebius Syndrome Synonyms congenital facial diplegia Syndrome; Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis;Mobius Syndrome; Moebieus Sequence. Disorder Subdivisions None. General Discussion http://my.webmd.com/hw/raising_a_family/nord451.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map Health Topics Symptoms ... For a Complete Report Moebius Syndrome Important It is possible that the main title of the report Moebius Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Congenital Facial Diplegia Syndrome Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis Mobius Syndrome Moebieus Sequence Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Moebius syndrome is a rare developmental disorder that may have a number of different causes and is characterized by facial paralysis present at birth (congenital). Facial nerve development is absent or diminished causing abnormalities of the facial muscles and jaw. The sixth (abducens) and seventh (facialis) cranial nerves are most often affected. Additional symptoms may include numerous abnormalities of the mouth and face (orofacial region) and malformations of limbs. Mental retardation occurs in approximately 10 percent of cases. Most cases of Moebius syndrome occur randomly, for no apparent reason (sporadic cases). Resources Children's Craniofacial Association 13140 Coit Road Dallas, TX 75240

12. EMedicine - Möbius Syndrome : Article Excerpt By: Cheryl Ann Palmer, MD Although von Graefe described a case of congenital facial diplegia in 1880, thesyndrome was reviewed and defined further by Möbius in 1888 and 1892. http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/byname/möbius-syndrome.htm

(advertisement) Excerpt from Möbius Syndrome Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: congenital facial diplegia, congenital nuclear agenesis, congenital nuclear hypoplasia, congenital oculofacial paralysis Please click here to view the full topic text: Möbius Syndrome Background: Möbius syndrome is due, in part, to loss of function of motor cranial nerves. Although von Graefe described a case of congenital facial diplegia in 1880, the syndrome was reviewed and defined further by Möbius in 1888 and 1892. Because of these contributions, Möbius is now the eponym used to describe the syndrome. The definition and diagnostic criteria for Möbius syndrome vary among authors. Both von Graefe and Möbius accepted only cases with both congenital facial diplegia and bilateral abducens nerve palsies as constituting Möbius syndrome. In 1939, Henderson broadened the definition and included cases with congenital unilateral facial palsy. Other authors are more restrictive in attempts to eliminate conditions of a different pathogenesis being labeled as Möbius syndrome. These investigators require the presence of a congenital musculoskeletal anomaly in order to make the diagnosis. Pathophysiology: The complete pathophysiological description of Möbius syndrome remains elusive. Whether nerve, brainstem, or muscle aplasia is the primary event has not been established. Nerves that may be involved include cranial nerves (CN) VI through XII, with general sparing of CN VIII. CN III and CN IV can be involved, but rarely are. The facial nerves (CN VII) are involved in all cases, the abducens nerves (CN VI) in a high percentage of cases (75%), and the hypoglossal nerves (CN XII) in only a minority of cases.

13. :: Ez2Find :: Mobius Syndrome html; Mobius Syndrome Site Info - Translate - Open New Window Also knownas congenital facial diplegia, an information sheet compiled by NINDS. http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Health/Conditions_and_Diseas

Guide : Mobius Syndrome Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides Mobius Syndrome ez2Find Home Directory Health Conditions and Diseases ... Genetic Disorders : Mobius Syndrome Web Sites About.com with Laura L. Jelliffe, Ph.D. [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of mobius syndrome. Information on research, community outreach and support. URL: http://genetics.about.com/science/genetics/library/blmob.htm MCW Healthlink: Mobius Syndrome [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Details about this disease, including what it is, the causes, symptoms and treatment options. URL: http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921441372.html

14. :: Ez2Find :: C Disorders (382) Complex Regional Pain Syndromes (7) Compulsive Gambling (77) CongenitalArthromyodysplasia (98) congenital facial diplegia (5) Congenital Heart http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Health/Conditions_and_Diseas

Guide : C Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides C ez2Find Home Directory Health Conditions and Diseases : C A B C D ... Cytomegalovirus Last update: 19:27 PT, Monday, March 8, 2004 Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Portions powered by ez2find.com

15. Moebius Syndrome Northern California Moebius Syndrome Support Group Homepage. MOEBIUS SYNDROMESUPPORT NETWORK HOMEPAGE. Moebius Syndrome (congenital facial diplegia) http://www.health-nexus.com/moebius_syndrome.htm

Health-Nexus.Net Health-Nexus.Org The #1 Health information site Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Moebius Syndrome Moebius Syndrome Moebius Syndrome support, information and resource site. MOEBIUS SYNDROME SUPPORT NETWORK HOMEPAGE ... Letter from Dr. Zuker Our Readers Respond Moebius Syndrome Conference 2002 (Update Coming) Moebius Syndrome News Our Scrapbook**New** Some Visually ... Link) Harvard Bulletin Board What is Moebius Syndrome? Moebius Syndrome is a rare disorder ... Moebius Syndrome Foundation - North America ... and advocate for scientific research to advance the diagnosis and treatment of Moebius Syndrome and its associated conditions. The Moebius Syndrome Foundation and its Board does not diagnose ... Moebius Syndrome Foundation of Canada The Moebius Syndrome Foundation of Australia is gathering speed. Moebius Syndrome Foundation of Australia

16. Neuroguide.com - Human Neurological Diseases Web sites providing information on human neurological diseases can be accessed viathis section. congenital facial diplegia. Mobius Syndrome Information (NINDS). http://www.neuroguide.com/cgi-bin/pdistoc.pl?file=CongenitalFacialDiplegia

17. Síndrome De Mobius Unilateral Translate this page Mobius syndrome The congenital facial diplegia syndrome. Arch Dis Childh. The congenitalFacial diplegia syndrome clinical features, pathology and ethiology. http://www.encolombia.com/otorrino28200-sindrome.htm

Síndrome de mobius unilateral José Alberto Prieto Rivera*, MD. Jorge Eduardo Almario**, MD. José Eduardo Guzmán***, MD. María Fernanda Aragón****, MD. Profesor Asociado Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Grupo de Otología-Neurotología. Hospital Militar Central. Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. Profesor Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Jefe del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Grupo de Otología-Neurotología. Hospital Militar Central. Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. Residente Tercer Nivel Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Militar Central. Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. Residente Segundo Nivel Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Militar Central. Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. RESUMEN El síndrome de Mobius es una entidad caracterizada por parálisis del VI y VII par, pudiendo existir compromiso de otros pares craneanos o asociación a alteraciones de la pared torácica, retardo mental y alteraciones de las extremidades. Normalmente es de presentación bilateral, pero puede presentarse en forma unilateral. El presente reporte muestra el caso de una paciente de 15 años de edad quién consulta por presentar parálisis facial congénita unilateral y VI par ipsilateral; siendo estas sus únicas manifestaciones clínicas.

18. HealthMedNet ILLNESS DISEASE URL DIRECTORY congenital facial diplegia, http//directory.ansme.com/health/168.html, CongenitalFacial Diplegia, http//www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm, http://www.healthmednet.com/CONG-CRAM.htm

I CONG - CRAM http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/ Congenital (Infantile) Glaucoma (Glaucoma) Congenital Abnormalities http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/toc/toc09.html Congenital Abnormalities http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/search_e.html Congenital abnormalities and disorders http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/9339.html?k=menux408x9939xALZ Congenital Absence of the Abdominal Muscles http://my.webmd.com/content/healthwise/30/7398 Congenital Absence of the Rods and Cones http://my.webmd.com/content/healthwise/30/7398 Congenital Absence of the Thymus and Parathyroids http://my.webmd.com/content/healthwise/30/7398 Congenital Achromia http://my.webmd.com/content/healthwise/30/7398 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia http://health.yahoo.com/encyclopedia/a.html Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia http://www.healthcentral.com/library/library.cfm Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia http://content.health.msn.com/content/healthwise/106/26476 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia http://www.ahealthyme.com/primerindex/a

19. Moebius Syndrome And Possible Causes Ziter et al. (1977) observed congenital facial diplegia and flexionfinger contractures in 7 members of 3 generations of a family. http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/forum/MoebiusSyndromeF/3.21.982.19AMMoebiussynd

Moebius syndrome and Possible Causes This article submitted by on 3/21/98. Email Address: The following is from "OMIM" - ONLINE MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN. This may lay to rest persistent remors re: the singular cause of Moebius being Herpes.... These are from various Moebius-related texts found at: http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/getmim Harbord et al. (1989) described a child with Moebius syndrome associated with unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia. Journel et al. (1989) described Moebius syndrome in 2 brothers and a male first cousin who were sons of sisters, thus suggesting X-linked recessive inheritance. The 2 brothers also had hypoplasia of the thumbs and absence of the big toes. Kawai et al. (1990) described the fourth case of Moebius syndrome (which they referred to as Moebius sequence) associated with peripheral neuropathy and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for 3 months was effective therapy. Kumar (1990) provided a review, which was critiqued by Lipson et al. (1990). MacDermot et al. (1991) urged that the term Moebius syndrome be restricted to cases with congenital sixth and seventh nerve paralysis with skeletal defects; according to their analysis, the recurrence risk is low (about 2%) in these cases. In their review, no recurrence was noted in 31 cases with cranial nerve palsies associated with oral abnormalities and limb defects. The features in an index case that may indicate a higher risk of recurrence are the absence of skeletal defects, isolated facial palsy, deafness, ophthalmoplegia, and digital contractures. As an example of the latter category, MacDermot et al. (1991) described mother and son with fifth, sixth, seventh, and bulbar cranial nerve paralysis who had 2 similarly affected relatives: the mother's maternal aunt and her son.

20. Leslie of two cases. med8589 327 The spectrum of congenital facial diplegia(Moebius syndrome). med75-79 327 Moebius syndrome. med93-95 http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/neurowebforum/ChildNeurologyArticles/Leslie.htm

Leslie This response submitted by Dr. Shawn K. Centers on 12/19/96. Author's Email: Dear Leslie: Although previuosly it was thought that there was an agenesis ( failure to develop )of the control centers for the cranial nerves ( especially cranial nerve VI and VII) some of the recent research seems to call this into question. If there is complete agenesis this means that there is no possibility of the facial paralysis improving or worsening. One recent report describes muscle recruitment measured by EMG studies in two Moebius patients following treatment with simple physical therapy. In another report there is described improvement in facial paralysis using biofeedback techniques (the patients were both children). The Miami Project in FL seems to be the center that is doing the most research with biofeedback training in muscle paralysis. There is also a research center in England who claims to have gotten improvement in muscle hypotonia and facial paralysis using a type of tactile kinesthetic stimulation using "brushing technique" wirth a number of Moebius patients (mostly children). As of yet their research is unpublished. There are likewise reports of a Moebius patient's paralysis worsening and thought to be caused by a superimposed Bell's Palsy. When I was younger I recieved treatment at the Michigan State University We really have very little to offer them at this time in terms of treatment. With better information we may be able to offer some suggestions

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