1. SCOI Presents Clubfoot formed. A true clubfoot is a malformation. The hoof. Don’t ask why! clubfoot can be recognized in the infant by examination. The http://www.scoi.com/clubfoot.htm

Birth deformities of the foot fall into two categories: positional deformities, and malformations. Positional deformities are “packaging defects” of the foot. Malformations are “manufacturing defects” in which the parts are incorrectly formed. A true clubfoot is a malformation . The bones, joints, muscles, and blood vessels of the limb are abnormal. The medical term for this is “talipes equinovarus” relating the shape of the foot to a horses hoof. Don’t ask why! Clubfoot can be recognized in the infant by examination. The foot is inturned, stiff and cannot be brought to a normal position. Children with the condition should be referred to an orthopedic surgeon for complete evaluation and treatment of the deformity. Clubfoot can be recognized in the infant by examination. The foot is inturned, stiff and cannot be brought to a normal position. Children with the condition should be referred to an orthopedic surgeon for complete evaluation and treatment of the deformity. This rear view of the clubfoot shows the heel retracted towards the leg (equinus). Note the medial (inner) crease and curved lateral (outer) border of the foot.

2. Clubfoot - DrGreene.com Read about a deformity of the foot and calf and learn what treatment options are available. Although the name clubfoot sounds like a brutish Dickensian deformity, the actual appearance is that of http://www.drgreene.com/21_1048.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep About DrGreene.com Archives About Us Context Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Topic Centers Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide Discussion Boards DrGreene´s Chats DrGreene´s Event Schedule FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Discussion Boards Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Fertility Children's Health Clubfoot Related concepts: Talipes equinovarus Introduction: What do Olympic gold medalist figure skater Kristi Yamaguchi, Super Bowl Champion All-Pro quarterback Troy Aikman, actor-writer-musician-composer Dudley Moore, Hall of Fame sports announcer Pat Sumerall, romantic poet Lord Byron, comedian-actor-writer-director Damon Wayans, British King Richard III, Heisman trophy winner Charles Woodson, and Olympic gold medalist pioneering women’s soccer star Mia Hamm all have in common? You’ve already guessed. They were all born with clubfeet!

3. Orthoseek | Orthopedic Topics | Clubfoot What is clubfoot? What causes clubfoot? No one really knows what causes the deformity. It tends to be more common in boys, although girls are not exempt. http://www.orthoseek.com/articles/clubfoot.html

Clubfoot What is clubfoot? Clubfoot is a congenital deformity of the foot that occurs once per 1000 live births in the U.S. The foot has a typical appearance of pointing downwards and twisted inwards. Since the condition starts in the first trimester of pregnancy, the deformity is quite established at birth, and is often very rigid. What causes clubfoot? No one really knows what causes the deformity. It tends to be more common in boys, although girls are not exempt. There may be a positive family history. In rare instances a child born with myelomeningocele (spina bifida) or arthrogryposis may also have clubfeet. Beyond these observations, no actual cause is known. If your child has clubfoot, it is usually not due to anything you did or did not do during pregnancy. During development, the posterior and medial tendons and ligaments (in the back and inside) of the foot fail to keep pace with the development of the rest of the foot. As a result, these tendons and ligaments tether the posterior and medial parts of the foot down, causing the foot to point downwards and the twist inwards. The bones of the feet are therefore held in that abnormal position. Over time, if uncorrected, the bones will become mis-shapened. What are the symptoms of clubfoot?

4. Johns Hopkins Orthopaedic Surgery: Pediatrics / Clubfoot The Pediatric Orthopaedic website contains specific information about disorders and treatments. It should help patients focus their treatment. What is clubfoot? clubfoot is a deformity of the foot which occurs at birth or during childhood how children affected with a clubfoot walk on their toes with the http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/orthopedicsurgery/peds/clubfoot.html

Patient Guide to Clubfoot What is clubfoot? Clubfoot is a deformity of the foot which occurs at birth or during childhood. It is also known as "talipes equino varus" which comes from latin. "Talipes" is derived from the word meaning "ankle bone" and "pes" means "foot," thus describing the location of the abnormality. "Equinus" means "horse" and is used in this context to describe how children affected with a clubfoot walk on their toes with the foot pointed downward, analogous to how horses walk on their toenails. Therefore, a child with clubfoot has abnormal posturing of the foot which causes him or her to turn the ankle inward and walk along the outside edge of the foot (see figure below). The word, "club," is also used to describe the appearance of the foot. Pictures of children with club foot The affected foot tends to be smaller than normal and can be shortened by up to 1 cm as compared to the normal side. In addition, some children with clubfoot have stiffness (i.e. lack of mobility in some of the joints of the foot) and small calf muscles.

5. Children With Clubfoot Produced in conjunction with the MSN Community, to offer advice and support. http://www.angelfire.com/oh/clubfoot/

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" I have made this Website in an attempt to educate and share my experience with others. If you have a story to share or maybe just a question or comment feel free to visit the Children With Clubfoot Web Community. © October 17, 1998 club_foot@hotmail.com

6. Clubfoot.co.uk Provides information and support, including treatment options, support groups, and a message board which includes sections for adults and children. http://www.clubfoot.co.uk

Information Message Board Guest Book Information ... Links When my daughter was born, we were told she had a little problem with her feet, called Talipes, which would simply require some physiotherapy. That was my introduction to this condition, and I knew very little about it. There was only limited information available, and so I began to develop the website you are now visiting. Bethany went on to require surgery when she was nine months old, which was thankfully very successful. For some, however, further treatment is needed, and problems can continue into adult life. This site has been designed to offer both information and support. It is not a medical reference site, but is built on my own experience, plus the experience of the many people I have been in contact with.

7. Treating Clubfoot: Surgery At Younger Age Now Recommended: 2/4/97 An article in SouthCoastToday that recommends treatment at a younger age. http://www.s-t.com/daily/02-97/02-04-97/c02ho124.htm

Too wired? Get away, try a Treating clubfoot: Surgery at younger age now recommended By Dr. Andrew Price, For The Associated Press Recent changes in the treatment of clubfoot have given children with the condition the possibility of near-normal foot function. Clubfoot is a congenital malformation that is usually diagnosed at birth. The deformity is typified by a kidney-shaped foot with a downward tilt. In past years, physicians believed it best to wait until a child was at least 1 year old before surgically correcting clubfoot. Recent research, however, shows that surgery at 5 or 6 months of age improves the range of motion, shape and overall correction of the foot. The procedure generally releases tightness of the soft tissues, correctly repositioning the bones and ligaments and lengthening the tendons. Although clubfoot can occur when there is no prior record of the disorder, the incidence of the condition is slightly higher in families with a history of the problem. In most cases, weekly stretching and recasting of the foot over a three-month period is considered the first line of treatment for clubfoot. This is usually ineffective, however, because in the majority of cases the foot is fixed and rigid. Surgery is generally necessary to allow children near-normal function of the foot.

8. Virtual Children's Hospital: Treatment Of Congenital Clubfoot Information on Clubfeet http://www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/Clubfoot/Clubfoot.html

Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Ignacio Ponseti, M.D. Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed First Published: March 1996 Last Revised: May 2004 Table of Contents This site's Awards, Comments and Reviews Auf Deutsch Our treatment is easy to learn. An interested resident is proficient in the technique after correcting two or three clubfeet. The main stages of the correction are illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 using a facsimile of a clubfoot made of plastic bones and elastic strings. First, the resident learns to identify by palpation the position of the main bones of the foot in relation to the malleoli and to the head of the talus. In the clubfoot the calcaneus, the navicular and the cuboid are rotated medially in relation to the talus, and are firmly held in adduction and inversion by very tight ligaments and tendons ( Fig. 1 ). Although the whole foot is in extreme supination, the forefoot is pronated in relation to the hindfoot and this causes the cavus, the first metatarsal being in more plantar flexion than the lateral metatarsals ( Fig. 2

9. Clubfoot Project - Rotary Club Of Burnaby A Rotary Club project in Uganda. http://www.rotary5040.org/projects/clubfoot1.html

Rotary Club of Burnaby "Clubfoot Project" More than 10,000 children in Uganda suffer from a debilitating deformity known as a clubfoot. That number is increasing by some 1,000 cases each year. Osma and Raima Ojok from Hoima, Uganda are seven year old fraternal twins born with clubfeet, a painful and disabling condition. Justus Kuza is a 13 year old Ugandan boy from Hoima, born with clubfeet. Read more about Justus and the Proposal for the Treatment of the Clubfoot Deformity in Uganda.

10. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Clubfoot A clubfoot is a foot disorder where the foot turns inward and downward at birth (and remains tight Some severe cases of clubfoot will require surgery if the manipulation process http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001228.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Clubfoot Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Club foot deformity Club foot repair - series Alternative names Return to top Talipes equinovarus; Talipes Definition Return to top A clubfoot is a foot disorder where the foot turns inward and downward at birth (and remains tight in this position, resisting realignment). Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Clubfoot is the most common disorder of the legs that children are born with. It can range from mild and flexible to severe and rigid. The cause is not known, but the condition may be inherited. Risk factors include a family history of the disorder and being male. It occurs in about 1 per 1,000 live births. Symptoms Return to top The physical appearance may vary. One or both feet may be affected The foot turns inward and downward at birth (resisting realignment) The calf muscle may be smaller than normal and underdeveloped Signs and tests Return to top The disorder is identified during a physical examination. A

11. Clubfoot Resource Page Welcome to the clubfoot Resource Page. I am the mother of a little boy born with bilateral clubfeet. This website is to give a little information and support to other parents in the same boat. http://members.aol.com/clubft

Hi. Welcome to the Clubfoot Resource Page. I am the mother of a little boy born with bilateral clubfeet. This website is to give a little information and support to other parents in the same boat. Keep in mind that I am in no way a medical professional so please don't look here for specific medical information. This site can only share information from a parent's perspective. I'll tell you about my son, Travis. Then there is a section with other parents' stories. Finally, there is a page with links to other sites about clubfeet. TRAVIS - information about my wonderful little boy OTHERS - other parents share their experiences LINKS - links to other websites The very best place, in my opinion, to get support and information about clubfeet is at ParentsPlace.com, where there is a board for parents of childrent with clubfeet. To find it go to www.parentsplace.com Then go to the boards section. Under the heading of Kids Health is the Clubfeet board. There are lots of wonderful people who post there that are more than happy to help anyone out. Don't be afraid to jump right in there. You'll find them warm and welcoming.

12. EMedicine - Clubfoot : Article By Minoo Patel, MD, MS, FRACS Detailed article, looking at etiology, anatomy, the various treatments, and prognosis. Includes photos. http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic598.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Orthopedic Surgery Foot And Ankle Clubfoot Last Updated: March 3, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: congenital talipes equinovarus, CTEV, rockerbottom foot, rockerbottom deformity, foot deformity, clubfeet, clubfoot surgery AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Indications Relevant Anatomy And Contraindications ... Bibliography Author: Minoo Patel, MD, MS, FRACS , Senior Lecturer, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Consulting Adult/Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Monash Medical Center, Melbourne, Australia Coauthor(s): John Herzenberg, MD, FRCSC , Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical School, Codirector of International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Minoo Patel, MD, MS, FRACS, is a member of the following medical societies:

13. The Clubfoot Club The clubfoot Club provides information on clubfoot from a personal perspective. The clubfoot Club is a place where you can learn About clubfoot. http://www.clubfootclub.org/

<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-2>SITE INDEX</font></font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-2>About Clubfoot</font></font> Evan's Story Clubfoot In PNG Donating Used Splints Hall of Fame <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-2>Kid's Club Clubfoot Stories <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-2>Clubfoot Links ABS Web site The Clubfoot Club is a place where you can learn About Clubfoot . (Information about Amniotic Band Syndrome can now be found at my new ABS site.) This site also highlights the plight of children born with clubfoot in Papua New Guinea and encourages you to donate any used splints that you are finished with to help these kids. Check out our Kids Club space with foot riddles, recommended reading, colouring pages, silly poems, and more... Our eldest son, Evan, was born with bilateral clubfeet and Amniotic Band Syndrome affecting his left hand. We realize that Evan is one of the lucky ones. He was born in Canada where he could receive world-class medical attention at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Clubfoot or Talipes is a treatable condition yet in the remote areas of Papua New Guinea children are often left untreated. Patrick Moon is a Physiotherapist from Michigan who has been working in PNG for the past 7 years through Christian Blind Mission International, a non-denominational Christian mission that helps children and adults with all types of disabilities.

14. Help For Patients With Clubfoot Information from the Houston Shriners Hospital. http://www.shrinershq.org/patientedu/clubfoot2.html

Home Shrine Shriners Hospitals Hospital Directory ... Next Children gain "firm footing" at Shriners Hospitals Help for patients with clubfoot This information was provided by the Houston Shriners Hospital 6977 Main St. Houston, TX 77030-3701 Telephone 713-797-1616 Fax 713-797-1029 Talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot, is a relatively common foot deformity, affecting one in 1,000 children each year. Clubfoot is readily identifiable at birth, making it easy to diagnose. Yet how to best treat clubfoot generates more controversy among physicians than almost any other orthopaedic condition. To date, there is no clear consensus on which type of surgery is better, when surgery should be performed or how to evaluate the results of treatment. At Shriners Hospitals, we specialize in the treatment of clubfoot. Below, you will read about the latest techniques, research, and recommendations related to the treatment of this condition. In referring a child for treatment of clubfoot, please remember these two basic rules: Treatment must begin immediately at birth, and

15. Club Foot Liens vers des sites de clubs fran§ais et belges. R©sultats des championnats. http://clubfoot.free.fr/

CLUB FOOT Annuaire des sites sur les clubs de football de France et de Belgique. Retrouvez les clubs de division 1, division 2, national et amateurs avec de nombreux liens vers les sites qui leur sont consacrés. Votre navigateur ne prend pas en charge les frames, vous allez être redirigé vers un sommaire sans cadres. Si cela ne fonctionne pas, Cliquez ici

16. CLUBFOOT (Talipes Equinovarus) Clinical article looking at classification, etiology, and clinical features. Also compares treatment methods. http://www.dkch.org/Education/Articles/clubfoot.html

CLUBFOOT (Talipes Equinovarus) Dr. Y.H. LI Consultant Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital This is a complex foot deformity that consists of hindfoot equinus, varus of the forefoot and heel and forefoot adduction. It is best thought of as displacement of the navicular, calcaneus and cuboid bones around the talus. I. CLASSIFICATION 1) Congenital (Typical) 2) Teratologic (Resistant) 3) Postural (Flexible) - those in which, on the first examination, the deformity can be corrected. These usually respond dramatically to conservative treatment. II. ETIOLOGY The etiology and inheritance patterns of congenital talipes equinovarus remains multifactorial in an otherwise normal infant. The incidence among different races varies from 0.39 / 1000 in Chinese to 1.2 / 1000 in Caucasians to 6.8 / 1000 in Polynesians. It is more common in males than females (2.5:1). The risk to a subsequent sibling is 2%. 1) Chromosomal theory, i.e. the defect is in the unfertilized germ cell and exists before fertilization.

17. Management Of Resistant Clubfoot Article discussing assessment and management. http://www.dkch.org/Education/Articles/clubfoot management.html

Management of Resistant Clubfoot Dr. Y.H. LI Consultant Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital INTRODUCTION Poor results in clubfoot surgery is not uncommon. They have been reported in about 25% (range 13% to 50%) of patients who had surgical correction of their clubfoot deformities. Many of these cases required revision surgery. There are many articles written on revision surgery but most of these articles are on small number of patients with short follow-up. There is really no best algorithm for revision surgery. The term 'a-la-carte surgery' has been applied to clubfoot surgery but I think this term is even more applicable to revision surgery where there is no fixed formula and every case has to be assessed on its own. What needs to be done depends on the actual deformity. In general, soft tissue surgery is adequate if the child is less than 4 years of age but bony surgery is most likely required if the child is older than 4 years old. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT A history should be obtained about the nature of the pervious surgery. The commonest cause of recurrence is inadequate surgery. Limited surgeries such as tendo-archilles lengthening and posterior release may have a higher chance of insufficient correction. Because of the fact that insufficient surgery results in inadequate correction, there is now a trend to do radical surgeries such as complete subtalar release or posterior-medial-lateral release which however may result in overcorrection. Another reason for poor result is inadequate post-operative treatment. History should be asked about the nature of the post-operative programme received. Complication such as wound infection and wound necrosis also result in scarring and poor result.

18. Clubfoot Information Site Concentates on this method of treatment, including frequently asked questions. http://www.ponseticlubfoot.freeservers.com/

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19. Virtual Children's Hospital: Treatment Of Congenital Clubfoot Treatment of Congenital clubfoot. Ignacio 1 to 9 using a facsimile of a clubfoot made of plastic bones and elastic strings. First http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/orthopaedics/Clubfoot/Clubfoot.html

Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Ignacio Ponseti, M.D. Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed First Published: March 1996 Last Revised: May 2004 Table of Contents This site's Awards, Comments and Reviews Auf Deutsch Our treatment is easy to learn. An interested resident is proficient in the technique after correcting two or three clubfeet. The main stages of the correction are illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 using a facsimile of a clubfoot made of plastic bones and elastic strings. First, the resident learns to identify by palpation the position of the main bones of the foot in relation to the malleoli and to the head of the talus. In the clubfoot the calcaneus, the navicular and the cuboid are rotated medially in relation to the talus, and are firmly held in adduction and inversion by very tight ligaments and tendons ( Fig. 1 ). Although the whole foot is in extreme supination, the forefoot is pronated in relation to the hindfoot and this causes the cavus, the first metatarsal being in more plantar flexion than the lateral metatarsals ( Fig. 2

20. Virtual Children's Hospital: Congenital Clubfoot: Common Questions To Parents of Children Born with Clubfeet. Commonly Asked Questions on clubfoot Treatment. Does surgery cure clubfoot? Surgery does not cure clubfoot. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/patient/orthopaedics/clubfeet/questions.html

To Parents of Children Born with Clubfeet Commonly Asked Questions on Clubfoot Treatment Ignacio Ponseti, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Last Revised: March 2004 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Does surgery "cure" clubfoot? Surgery does not "cure" clubfoot. It improves the appearance of the foot but diminished the strength of the muscles in the foot and leg, causes stiffness in the second and third decade of life, if not earlier, limits the motions of the foot joints, and the foot becomes often painful at midlife. Surgery does not prevent the recurrence of the deformity in a number of cases. To my knowledge not followup studies of operated patients older than 16 years of age has been published to date. Therefore, orthopaedic surgeons are ignorant of the results of their surgeries. Foot and ankle surgeons, however, who treat adult patients have noticed that those surgically treated for congenital clubfoot in infancy have weak, stiff and often very painful feet. How long has clubfoot been treated in this manner?

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