1. Ear Surgery Information Center-Cholesteatoma cholesteatoma. If infection is present, the skin will continue to grow into the middle ear and will become a tumor of the ear termed a cholesteatoma. http://www.earsurgery.org/cholest.html

Ear Surgery Information Center CHOLESTEATOMA by Mark J. Levenson, MD, FACS Cholesteatoma Mastoid Tympano mastoidectomy Congenital cholesteatoma A perforation of the ear drum will generally heal without surgery. In some cases, however, instead of normally healing, the skin of the ear drum can grow through the hole into the middle ear. If infection is present, the skin will continue to grow into the middle ear and will become a tumor of the ear termed a cholesteatoma. Cholesteatomas are NOT a form of cancer. They are benign tumors. As they grow, they can look like an onion peel of white skin formed into a ball. They can destroy the bones of hearing as they grow, especially when the ear is infected or if water gets into the middle ear with other infections. Symptoms of cholesteatoma include hearing loss and recurring discharge from the ear. Pus or unpleasant smelling fluids coming from the ear are common. A surgical microscope is necessary to make a proper inspection and cleansing of the condition, especially when there is infection. A history of recurring ear infections after colds, or the entrance of water into the ear from swimming, require the ear to be examined regularly for this condition.

2. Cholesteatoma cholesteatoma. The initial signs of a cholesteatoma are drainage from the ear canal and hearing loss. Normal Eardrum Normal, cholesteatoma cholesteatoma. http://www.earsite.com/tumors/cholesteatoma.html

Cholesteatoma The initial signs of a cholesteatoma are drainage from the ear canal and hearing loss. A cholesteatoma is a benign growth of skin in an abnormal location such as the middle ear or petrous apex. The latter is an area of bone located deep to the inner ear. Normally, squamous epithelium or skin lines the entire ear canal and the outer surface of the eardrum. The outermost layer of skin is actually composed of dead cells which are constantly being sloughed off and expelled with earwax. A major component of these dead cells is a protein called keratin. Normal Cholesteatoma The problem occurs when the dead cells accumulate in the middle ear and can not be expelled. Typically an infection occurs with intermittent drainage from the ear. As this ball of dead cells acumulates it produces enzymes which cause the destruction of bone. Complications from untreated cholesteatoma Erosion of the ossicles or bones behind the eardrum can lead to a conductive hearing loss. The bone over the facial nerve can also be destroyed and a facial paralysis can result. The inner ear is composed of a bony labyrinth which can also be partially destroyed. This can lead to a sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness. The infection can also spread into the veins carrying blood from the brain to the heart. This large vein called the lateral venous sinus can obstruct and cause excessive fluid to accumulate within and around the brain leading to a condition called hydrocephalus. The infection can also spread to the covering of the brain and cause meningitis. In rare circumstances, a brain abscess can result.

3. Cholesteatoma: A Serious Ear Condition Public service brochure including causes, symptoms and treatment. http://www.sinuscarecenter.com/choleaao.html

Cholesteatoma: A Serious Ear Condition This brochure is a copy of an American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Public Service Brochure. This site maintainted by Peter J. Casano, M.D., What Is a Cholesteatoma? A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum. It is usually due to repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum. Cholesteatomas often take the form of a cyst or pouch that sheds layers of old skin that builds up inside the ear. Over time, the cholesteatoma can increase in size and destroy the surrounding delicate bones of the middle ear. Hearing loss, dizziness, and facial muscle paralysis are rare but can result from continued cholesteatoma growth. How Does It Occur? A cholesteatoma usually occurs because of poor eustachian tube function as well as infection in the middle ear. The eustachian tube conveys air from the back of the nose into the middle ear to equalize ear pressure ("clear the ears"). When the eustachian tubes work poorly perhaps due to allergy, a cold or sinusitis, the air in the middle ear is absorbed by the body, and a partial vacuum results in the ear. The vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching the eardrum, especially areas weakened by previous infections. This sac often becomes a cholesteatoma. A rare congenital form of cholesteatoma (one present at birth) can occur in the middle ear and elsewhere, such as in the nearby skull bones. However, the type of cholesteatoma associated with ear infections is most common.

4. Cholesteatoma cholesteatoma links dedicated to informing patients, students, and hearing healthcare providers. Contains summary of each link to notify you what is present at that site. Information for the Masses. cholesteatoma. cholesteatoma .Ear Surgery Information Center that are usually associated with cholesteatoma's. Pediatric cholesteatoma .Baylor College http://www.audiologynet.com/cholesteatoma.html

AudiologyNet Audiology Information for the Masses Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma....Ear Surgery Information Center Good Site with excellent information!! Cholesteatoma....Sixth International Conference Basic web site that has very nice answers about several common questions that are usually associated with cholesteatoma's. Pediatric Cholesteatoma....Baylor College of Medicine Interesting information about cholesteatoma's that occur in childhood. Not much information in general is written on the subject. Makes for good reading. Cholesteatoma: A Serious Ear Condition The web site has general patient information. It is very easy to understand. Cholesteatoma....AllHealth Concise and easy to understand article that has a lot of useful information for patients, students, and the general public. Try to ignore the pop-ups. CT Appearances of External Ear Canal Cholesteatoma This is an advanced web site that looks at a rare type of cholesteatomas. It is a very interesting web site. It has images of the CT scans, but a computer with high resolution is recommended to view them.

5. Cholesteatoma TITLE cholesteatoma. SOURCE Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology. DATE September 18, 2002. RESIDENT PHYSICIAN Michael Underbrink, MD. FACULTY PHYSICIAN Arun Gadre, MD. SERIES http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Cholesteatoma-020918/Cholesteatoma.htm

TITLE: Cholesteatoma SOURCE: Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology DATE: September 18, 2002 RESIDENT PHYSICIAN: Michael Underbrink, MD FACULTY PHYSICIAN: Arun Gadre, MD SERIES EDITORS: Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD and Matthew W. Ryan, MD "This material was prepared by resident physicians in partial fulfillment of educational requirements established for the Postgraduate Training Program of the UTMB Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and was not intended for clinical use in its present form. It was prepared for the purpose of stimulating group discussion in a conference setting. No warranties, either express or implied, are made with respect to its accuracy, completeness, or timeliness. The material does not necessarily reflect the current or past opinions of members of the UTMB faculty and should not be used for purposes of diagnosis or treatment without consulting appropriate literature sources and informed professional opinion." I. Introduction Cholesteatoma is an abnormal accumulation of keratin-producing squamous epithelium in the middle ear, epitympanum, mastoid or petrous apex.

6. EMedicine - Cholesteatoma : Article By Peter S Roland, MD cholesteatoma For decades, cholesteatoma has been recognized as a destructive lesion of the skull base that can erode and destroy important structures within the temporal bone. Its capacity for http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic384.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Otolaryngology Cholesteatoma Last Updated: January 20, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: keratoma, middle ear cholesteatoma, primary cholesteatoma, primary acquired cholesteatoma, secondary cholesteatoma, secondary acquired cholesteatoma, otorrhea, tympanic membrane perforation, TM perforation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Peter S Roland, MD , Chair, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Peter S Roland, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery American Otological Society , and Texas Medical Association Editor(s): Orval Brown, MD

7. About Cholesteatoma About cholesteatoma and cholesteatoma treatments available at Marshfield Clinic Otology and Neurotology Services (ear surgery) There are several theories on how a cholesteatoma forms. Most evidence indicates that improper function tube contributes to the formation of a cholesteatoma. If the Eustachian tube http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/earsurgery/cholesteatoma.asp

Online Privacy Contact Us Home Clinic ... Search Search our provider or clinic directory, specialties, jobs, events and more... Contact Us Questions or Comments? What Is Cholesteatoma? Cholesteatoma is a unique disease of the ear in which a skin cyst grows into the middle ear and mastoid. The cyst is not cancerous but can erode tissue and cause destruction of the ear. How Does Cholesteatoma Form? There are several theories on how a cholesteatoma forms. Most evidence indicates that improper function of the Eustachian tube contributes to the formation of a cholesteatoma. If the Eustachian tube does not open often enough to equalize the pressures in the middle ear, negative pressure will develop behind the ear drum. This causes the drum to become retracted, forming a pocket. As the pocket deepens, it becomes trapped in the ear as a skin cyst or sac. Like skin tissue anywhere in the body, dead skin cells slough off. This also occurs in the cholesteatoma sac. As more dead skin cells slough off, the sac gradually expands and a cholesteatoma develops. In other cases, skin grows around the margin of a perforation onto the middle ear. How Is Cholesteatoma Related To Ear Infections?

8. Defeating Deafness : Hearing Research Trust : Our Priorities Include Tinnitus, G Defeating Deafness tinnitus, glue ear, hearing aids, cochlear implants, cholesteatoma, presbyacusis, otosclerosis http://www.defeatingdeafness.org/

Text-only version of site The UK's only national charity dedicated to helping hearing impaired people through medical research and education About Defeating Deafness Information service Our research League of Friends ... Links search sitemap Jamie gets on his bike for Defeating Deafness Long standing supporter Jamie Riach is planning one of the most challenging fundraising activities Defeating Deafness has ever seen. NHS hearing aids to be available on the high street From January 2004, NHS patients will be able to obtain high quality digital hearing aids free of charge from selected high street hearing aid dispensers. Digital Hearing Aids on the NHS As at April 2003, 66 NHS Trusts were providing digital hearing aid services for adults and/or children - you can read the full list here Latest News Bulletin Read the latest Defeating Deafness News Bulletin. Issue 6 contains articles on detecting deafness in newborn and premature babies, age-related hearing loss, and the expansion of the Defeating Deafness Information Service. Job Advertisement - Web Coordinator Join the Defeating Deafness Information Service.The role involves managing the content, operation and promotion of the Defeating Deafness website.

9. Procedure Two cholesteatoma. As the eustachian tube becomes dysfunctional, negative pressure is generated in the middle ear and the eardrum starts to retract inward. http://www.earsite.com/tumors/procedure_two.html

Cholesteatoma As the eustachian tube becomes dysfunctional, negative pressure is generated in the middle ear and the eardrum starts to retract inward. An accumulation of dead skin within a retracted pocket of the eardrum can erode adjacent bone and lead to a draining ear and hearing loss. Back To Cholestatoma Home

10. Cholesteatoma A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum. cholesteatoma. What Is a cholesteatoma? http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/ears/cholesteatoma.cfm

ENT LINK ENT Health Information Ears Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma What Is a Cholesteatoma? A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum. It is usually due to repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum. Cholesteatomas often take the form of a cyst or pouch that sheds layers of old skin that builds up inside the ear. Over time, the cholesteatoma can increase in size and destroy the surrounding delicate bones of the middle ear. Hearing loss, dizziness, and facial muscle paralysis are rare but can result from continued cholesteatoma growth. How Does It Occur? A cholesteatoma usually occurs because of poor eustachian tube function as well as infection in the middle ear. The eustachian tube conveys air from the back of the nose into the middle ear to equalize ear pressure ("clear the ears"). When the eustachian tubes work poorly perhaps due to allergy, a cold or sinusitis, the air in the middle ear is absorbed by the body, and a partial vacuum results in the ear. The vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching the eardrum, especially areas weakened by previous infections. This sac often becomes a cholesteatoma. A rare congenital form of cholesteatoma (one present at birth) can occur in the middle ear and elsewhere, such as in the nearby skull bones. However, the type of cholesteatoma associated with ear infections is most common. What Are the Symptoms?

11. EMedicine - Middle Ear, Cholesteatoma : Article By Peter S Roland, MD Middle Ear, cholesteatoma cholesteatomas have been recognized for decades as a destructive lesion of the skull base that can erode and destroy important structures within the temporal bone. Its http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic220.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Middle Ear Middle Ear, Cholesteatoma Last Updated: August 7, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: keratoma, cholesteatoma, middle ear cholesteatoma, canal-wall-down otologic surgery, canal-wall-up otologic surgery, canal-wall-down technique, canal-wall-up technique, ear lesion, ear mass, congenitally acquired cholesteatoma, primarily acquired cholesteatoma, secondarily acquired cholesteatoma, congenital cholesteatoma, primary cholesteatoma, secondary cholesteatoma, chronic middle ear fluid, conductive hearing loss, tympanic membrane retraction, tympanic membrane trauma, tympanic membrane injury, acute otitis media, AOM, OM, acute OM, tympanic membrane perforation, painless otorrhea, otorrhea, hearing loss, deafness AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Indications Relevant Anatomy And Contraindications ... Bibliography Author: Peter S Roland, MD

12. Www.entnet.org/cholesteatoma.html http://www.entnet.org/cholesteatoma.html

13. Cholesteatoma Information Diseases Database cholesteatoma, Disease Database Information http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/sieve/item1.asp?glngUserChoice=2553

14. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cholesteatoma cholesteatoma. cholesteatoma can be a congenital defect, but it more commonly occurs as a complication of chronic ear infection. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001050.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Cholesteatoma Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Tympanic membrane Definition Return to top A type of cyst located in the middle ear. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Cholesteatoma can be a congenital defect, but it more commonly occurs as a complication of chronic ear infection . Long-term inflammation and malfunction of the eustachian tube leads to chronic negative pressure in the middle ear. This pulls a portion of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) inward, creating a sac or cyst that fills with old skin cells and other debris. The cyst becomes chronically infected. The cyst typically continues to fill with debris over time and may erode the mastoid bone and the bones of the middle ear. Symptoms Return to top drainage from the ear , usually chronic hearing loss in one ear pain or numbness in the ear or around the ear dizziness Signs and tests Return to top Inspection of the ear may show a pocket or perforation (opening) in the eardrum, often with drainage. The deposit of old skin cells may be visible with an otoscope.

15. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Cholesteatoma More results from www.nlm.nih.gov eMedicine Middle Ear, cholesteatoma Article by Peter S Roland Middle Ear, cholesteatoma - cholesteatomas have been recognized for decades as a destructive lesion of the skull base that can erode and destroy important http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Cholesteatoma

16. Cholesteatoma Resources Home Welcome to cholesteatoma Resources. The cholesteatoma Resources web site offers and provides information of a general nature about cholesteatoma. http://cholesteatoma.netfirms.com/

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting Welcome to Cholesteatoma Resources . This site has been developed to provide easy to understand, up to date information to individuals that have been diagnosed with cholesteatoma or their family members. New Personal Stories added 11-10-03; click the Personal Stories link on the left! I started this site after my son, Vinny, was diagnosed with cholesteatoma in October 2001 at the age of six after countless visits to the pediatrician's office for ear infections since infancy. As soon as the surgeon told us what he had and the complications it could cause I tried to learn as much about it as possible. During the learning process I joined a YahooGroup for Cholesteatoma patients and their families and also visited www.cholesteatoma.org . This is when I discovered that it was not as 'rare' as I first assumed and that there are many people out there in the same situation as Vinny - many worse. My first reaction was to see a lawyer about the pediatricians that never made the diagnosis in six years, but after more research and time spent with the YahooGroup I decided to try to turn this into something positive. This web site is a start, and an organization to promote awareness is the goal. I believe that the word cholesteatoma can be something that every patient, every parent, and every doctor will know in the near future with your help Lisa Mazzarell Vinny's Family l-r: Dad (Sam), Mom (Lisa), Vinny, Sister (Lindsay)

17. Cholesteatoma TOC (Framed) Hills 07 Mar 2004 Re Cholesteoma My Story jsa422@aol.com 09 May 2004 Re Cholesteoma - My Story Jhoushour@aol.com 04 Apr 2004 Re cholesteatoma Debbie Hills http://cholesteatoma.netfirms.com/disc1_tocf.htm

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting CONTENTS surgery Karen 23 Mar 2004 Re: Poll Questions Lisa Mazzarell 02 Apr 2004 First surgery Sarah 31 Dec 2003 Re: First surgery Emma 31 May 2004 Re: First surgery Lori 08 Jan 2004 First surgery help!!! Lori 24 Nov 2003 Re: First surgery help!!! Danette W. 25 Nov 2003 Surgically Restored Hearing Danette W. 24 Nov 2003 Re: Surgically Restored Hearing Lisa Mazzarell 02 Apr 2004 Cholesteoma - My Story Ingrid 14 Jul 2003 Cholesteoma - My Story Ingrid 14 Jul 2003 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story J. Hammel 23 Aug 2003 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story j.hammel@sasktel.net 23 Aug 2003 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story Lisa Mazzarell 02 Apr 2004 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story Debbie Hills 07 Mar 2004 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story jsa422@aol.com 09 May 2004 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story Jhoushour@aol.com 04 Apr 2004 Re: cholesteatoma Debbie Hills 07 Apr 2004 Re: cholesteatoma Debbie Hills 07 Apr 2004 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story webber,malaika 01 Apr 2004 Re: Cholesteoma - My Story Dollfin404@aol.com 13 Dec 2003 Just To Say....

18. Grand Rounds Archives PEDIATRIC cholesteatoma A. Paul Vastola, MD October 7, 1993. The term cholesteatoma is actually a misnomer coined by Johannes Muller in 1838. http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/oto/grand/10793.html

Grand Rounds Archives The information contained within the Grand Rounds Archive is intended for use by doctors and other health care professionals. These documents were prepared by resident physicians for presentation and discussion at a conference held at The Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. No guarantees are made with respect to accuracy or timeliness of this material. This material should not be used as a basis for treatment decisions, and is not a substitute for professional consultation and/or peer-reviewed medical literature. PEDIATRIC CHOLESTEATOMA A. Paul Vastola, MD October 7, 1993 The term cholesteatoma is actually a misnomer coined by Johannes Muller in 1838. He described "a layered pearly tumor of fat which was distinguished from other fat tumors by the presence of biliary fat or cholestrin that is interspersed among sheets of polyhedral cells." Aural cholesteatomas are best thought of as skin growing in the middle ear space. Cholesteatomas actually do not contain fat but are composed of an outer matrix which surrounds layers of desquamated epithelium. The matrix is comprised of fully differentiated keratinizing squamous epithelium resting on a collagenous perimatrix. Various theories have been advanced to account for the destructive bone resorption seen commonly with these lesions. These include activation of osteoclastic bone destruction, mechanical pressure necrosis and bone degradation by enzymes such as collagenases and lysozymes.

19. Cholesteatoma And Chronic Mastoiditis cholesteatoma and Chronic Mastoiditis. The cholesteatoma. cholesteatoma is an epithelial cyst (made from the tissue and cells that make skin). http://www.nycornell.org/ent/cholesteatoma.html

Cholesteatoma and Chronic Mastoiditis The middle ear and the mastoid are directly connected to each other and are normally filled with air. Air enters the middle ear via the eustachian tube which opens into the naspharynx (deep portion of the nasal chamber). Recurrent middle ear infections may be due to poor function of the eustachian tube. Although most middle ear infections resolve, some recur or persist. Those chronic infections may lead to damage of the tympanic membrane (ear drum) that can result in a perforation or, in some cases to recurrent infections of the mastoid, or even cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma is an epithelial cyst (made from the tissue and cells that make skin). Technically, it is not a tumor, but it grows independently. Cholesteatomas grow slowly, yet are able to erode and destroy bone in their path. Most commonly bone destruction is manifest as erosion of the ossicles (the vibrating bones of hearing), but cholesteatoma can erode into the inner ear, leading to nerve deafness and vertigo, or can erode into the intracranial cavity leading to infection around or inside the brain. Cholesteatoma can erode the bone surrounding and protecting the facial nerve, and can lead to facial weakness, or in severe cases paralysis. Cholesteatoma is treated by microsurgery. Several different types and degrees of tymanomastoidectomy surgery exist for cholesteatoma. The appropriate surgery is selected on the basis of the size and location of the cholesteatoma. Reconstruction of damaged ossicles is also possible, but may require additional surgery depending on the findings at the initial surgery. Cholesteatoma surgery can be lengthy, since it requires meticulous microdissection, but success rates for control of cholesteatoma are high and risks of surgery are low.

20. Cholesteatoma:  A Serious Ear Condition What is a cholesteatoma? What is a cholesteatoma? A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum. http://www.entassociates.com/cholesteatoma.htm

of corpus christi What is a cholesteatoma? Why did it occur in the ear? How does it occur? How is it dangerous? When should something be done about it? If nothing is done, what can happen? Will I always have this problem? Can it be removed or cured? What is a cholesteatoma? A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum. It is usually due to repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum. Cholesteatomas often take the form of a cyst or pouch which sheds layers of old skin that builds up inside the ear. Over time, the cholesteatoma can increase in size and destroy the surrounding delicate bones of the middle ear. Hearing loss, dizziness, and facial muscle paralysis are rare but can result from continued cholesteatoma growth. How does it occur? A cholesteatoma usually occurs because of poor eustachian tube function as well as infection in the middle ear. The eustachian tube conveys air from the back of the nose into the middle ear to equalize ear pressure ("clear the ears"). When the eustachian tubes work poorly perhaps due to allergy, a cold or sinusitis, the air in the middle ear is absorbed by the body, and a partial vacuum results in the ear. The vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching the eardrum, especially areas weakened by previous infections. This sac often becomes a cholesteatoma. A rare congenital form of cholesteatoma (one present at birth) can occur in the middle ear and elsewhere, such as in the nearby skull bones. However, the type of cholesteatoma associated with ear infections is most common.

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