41. CNN.com - Health - Cholera Kills 37, Infects Hundreds In South Africa - December CNN http://cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/12/07/safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Cholera kills 37, infects hundreds in South Africa JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (Reuters) Thirty-seven people have died from cholera in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal since mid-August, health authorities said Wednesday. The provincial health department reported two deaths and 135 new infections over the last 24 hours, bringing the number of cases to 6,683 since the outbreak of the disease in the country's most populous province.

42. CNN.com - Health - Cholera Kills 33, Infects Thousands In S. Africa - November 1 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/11/13/safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Cholera kills 33, infects thousands in S. Africa JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (Reuters) An outbreak of cholera has killed 33 people in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal since mid-August, health authorities said on Monday. Seventy-nine new cases were reported in the last 24 hours, bringing the number of cases to 4,822 since the outbreak of the disease in the country's most populous province, the provincial health department said in a statement.

43. Cholera Translate this page cholera. Ursachen / Ausbreitung. cholera ist eine durch Bakterien(Vibrio cholerae) verursachte Erkrankung. Die Erreger http://www.meine-gesundheit.de/krank/texte/cholera.htm

Cholera Ursachen / Ausbreitung Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrio cholerae) verursachte Erkrankung. Symptome Therapie In erster Linie muss das verlorenen Wasser und die Elektrolyte durch entsprechende Infusionen ersetzt werden. Gegen die Erreger sind Antibiotika angezeigt. Impfung Isolation. Autoren: Christiane von der Eltz, Apothekerin Dr. Regina Schick, Ärztin Weitere Informationsquellen: Impfungen: Impfen schützt nicht nur auf Reisen

44. CNN.com - Health - U.S. Health Expert Wants South Africa To Keep Tabs On Cholera CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/01/10/africa.cholera/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW U.S. health expert wants South Africa to keep tabs on cholera outbreak January 10, 2001 Web posted at: 2:44 p.m. EST (1944 GMT) From staff and wire reports (CNN) As South African and international health authorities vowed to battle cholera outbreaks that have killed dozens of people and infected thousands more, a key U.S. health official called for sharp improvements in public health measures to stop the spread of the disease. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told CNN Wednesday that South Africas current cholera problems were serious, but not insurmountable. "There have been much, much worse epidemics in previous years," Fauci said. "But what were seeing now, with the 16,000- to 17,000-plus cases, is something that one must pay attention to." Recently, cholera has been reported in South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe and appears to be spreading among communities with no access to clean water, despite efforts by health officials and the World Health Organization.

45. Cholera cholera, cholera is an illness caused by a germ invading the bowels.The disease is usually spread by contaminated water supplies. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/DIScholera.htm

Cholera To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Cholera is an illness caused by a germ invading the bowels. The disease is usually spread by contaminated water supplies. The main symptom is watery diarrhoea which leads to fluid depletion and death from dehydration. It has been a killer disease in Asia for over 1,000 years but the first of a series of seven pandemics arrived in Europe in 1817. In the summer of 1849 over 33,000 people in three months died of cholera in Britain. Around 13,000 of tose who died lived in London . Until the second-half of the 19th century, about 50 per cent of the people who caught cholera died of the disease. The cause of cholera was first identified in 1854. Since improvements have taken place in water supply, the disease has virtually disappeared in Europe. In the summer of 2000 a team of scientists in the United States led by Claire Fraser deciphered the entire genetic makeup of the cholera microbe. It is hoped that this will enable drugs or vaccines to control the disease in the undeveloped world.

46. Three More Die In South African Cholera Epidemic CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/02/01/safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

47. MDTravel Health - Cholera - Old And New Vaccines cholera. ©2004 MDtravelhealth.com. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use. cholerais an intestinal infection caused by a bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae. http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/infectious/cholera.html

Cholera Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by a bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is rarely spread from person-to-person. The incubation period ranges from less than one to five days. In most cases, infection with Vibrio cholerae causes either no symptoms or mild diarrhea. Some, however, develop profuse watery diarrhea, usually with vomiting, leading to profound dehydration, which may be fatal. The cornerstone of treatment is rehydration, usually with oral rehydration solution. Severe cases may require intravenous fluids. Antibiotics are also given, usually tetracycline or doxycycline, though quinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are also effective. Cholera is rare in travelers, including those visiting countries where cholera outbreaks are occurring. In previous years, cholera vaccination was required for entry into many countries, but is no longer required of any traveler. As of August 2000, the only cholera vaccine approved for use in the United States was no longer being manufactured or sold. (See the Centers for Disease Control for details.) The vaccine had not been generally recommended because it reduces the rate of infections by no more than 50%, is effective for no more than 3-6 months, and frequently causes pain at the injection site. Three oral vaccines, including

48. Fears Of Cholera, Typhoid In Baghdad CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/04/22/sprj.nilaw.electricity.ap/index.html

49. Cholera Translate this page cholera Bitte beachten Sie in Die cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen)verursachte Infektionskrankheit. Es handelt sich um http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/de/laenderinfos/gesundheitsdienst/merkblatt/c

var imagepath ="/www/de/"; AA-Homepage Gesundheitsdienst Merkblätter Cholera Cholera Bitte beachten Sie in jedem Fall den untenstehenden Haftungsausschluss. Die Infektion Das Krankheitsbild Die Diagnose Die Therapie Schutz gegen Cholera Die Impfung Choleraregeln Die Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen) verursachte Infektionskrankheit. Es handelt sich um eine Darmerkrankung, daher werden die Erreger nur mit dem Stuhl oder Erbrochenen ausgeschieden. Sie ist weitverbreitet in Ländern mit mangelnder Hygiene (Fernost, Afrika, Süd- und Mittelamerika). Nur ganz vereinzelt wird die Cholera nach Deutschland importiert. Das Erkrankungsrisiko ist für Normaltouristen und Entsandte äußerst gering. Strikte Einhaltung der Lebensmittel-, Trinkwasser- und Körperhygiene sind die wichtigsten Vorbeugemaßnahmen. Die Infektion: Sie erfolgt über Essen und Trinken und anderes Verhalten, bei dem die Bakterien in den Mund und den Verdauungskanal gelangen können. Die Erreger stammen - von einem chronischen (aber subjektiv gesunden) Dauerausscheider, oder - aus entsprechend verschmutztem Wasser bzw. Lebensmitteln, oder

50. Pan American Health Organization cholera (Region of the Americas, 19912002) This eight-slide PowerPoint presentationprovides an overview of the current situation of cholera in the Americas http://www.paho.org/english/hcp/hct/eer/cholera.htm

Homepage About PAHO Data Topics ... General Info/Links What's New Regional Core Health Data System - Indicators Glossary Definition, technical note, type, measure units, categories, and subcategories for each indicator in the Regional Core Health Data System glossary.htm ... more items. Surveillance Featured Surveillance Items Cholera (Region of the Americas, 1991-2002) This eight-slide PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the current situation of cholera in the Americas, with tables, graphs, maps and summary information. PowerPoint Situation Reports Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae ... Isolates in the Americas, 1996-1999 Incidence/Mortality/Case Fatality Cholera: Number of Cases and Deaths in the Americas (1991-2002, by country and year) Official PAHO Case Definitions for Cholera, Plague and Yellow Fever (as written by PAHO/HCT and published by PAHO/SHA) Resistance Surveillance Annual Regional Meeting of Countries Participating in the Network for Monitoring/Surveillance of Resistance to Antibiotics (Asunción, Paraguay, 31 January–February 2001) Health Profiles and Data Regional Core Health Data System - Indicators Glossary Statistical Databases Regional Core Health Data System - Table Generator 2004 Product Types and/or Keywords: Product Types (register under only one): Situation Reports, Country Profiles, Forms, Guidelines and Manuals, Health Profiles and Data, Statistical Databases, Other Databases

51. Study Offers Insight Into Cholera's Virulence CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/06/06/hyper.cholera.ap/index.html

52. Cholera Outbreak Reported In Southern China CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/06/29/china.cholera.ap/index.html

53. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents All visitors over one year of age arriving from infected areas must have a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Hepatitis B, malaria, cholera, trachoma, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and sleeping sickness are all hazards. http://www.traveldocs.com/ao/tips.htm

Angola Africa TRAVEL TIPS Health Precautions : All visitors over one year of age arriving from infected areas must have a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Hepatitis B, malaria, cholera, trachoma, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and sleeping sickness are all hazards. Tapwater is not potable. Sophisticated medical treatment is not available. Health requirements change; check latest information. Weather and clothing : Angola's climate is tropical, with wet and dry seasons that vary little in temperature. While it is very hot and rainy in the coastal region, temperatures in the inland areas are milder. Casual attire, safari suits are the norm in hot, humid climate. Telephone : When direct dialing to Angola from the U.S., dial 011(international access code) + 244 [country code] + local number, or use international operator. Informations : 112 (telephone numbers). Time : 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

54. BBC NEWS | Health | Medical Notes | Medical Notes: Cholera cholera is an intestinal infection caused by a bacteria and is often linkedto contaminated supplies of drinking water. Medical notes cholera. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/3009779.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes Last Updated: Thursday, 8 May, 2003, 09:22 GMT 10:22 UK Email this to a friend Printable version Medical notes: Cholera Cholera-causing bacteria Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by a bacteria - and is often linked to contaminated supplies of drinking water. By the start of the 20th Century, six major cholera "pandemics" had affected countries across the world. The world is now fighting the seventh, caused by a new strain of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. Epidemics involving this strain started in 1961 in Indonesia, spreading rapidly elsewhere in eastern Asia, and from there to India and Bangladesh, the USSR, Iran and Iraq. The bacterium is part of the flora of brackish water and estuaries - it is when this water gets into the drinking supply that an outbreak can start. It causes severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and patients, particularly children and the elderly, are vulnerable to dangerous dehydration as a result. Treating the condition - or rather alleviating these severe effects, requires only simple measures. However, the clean water and rehydration salts required are often in short supply in areas where they are needed most.

55. Cholera Kills 81 In Mozambique CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/12/12/health.mozambique.cholera.reut/index.html

56. BBC NEWS | Middle East | Cholera Outbreak Feared In Iraq The World Health Organization fears poor sanitation could lead to a choleraepidemic in the southern city of Basra. cholera outbreak feared in Iraq. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3008035.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Wednesday, 7 May, 2003, 17:47 GMT 18:47 UK Email this to a friend Printable version Cholera outbreak feared in Iraq Damage to water supplies is being blamed The World Health Organization (WHO) says it expects a cholera epidemic in southern Iraq because of problems with poor sanitation. WHO disease specialist Denis Coulombier estimated that there were 10 times the number of cholera cases than the 17 registered in Basra since Tuesday. Another WHO official said the organisation "feared hundreds of cases". We expect a cholera epidemic in southern Iraq and we fear hundreds of cases Fadila Shaib WHO Although cholera is always present in Basra, particularly in the hot months, the number of cases reported in a 24-hour period is causing alarm, says the BBC's Jane Peel in Basra. The WHO is meeting British troops who control the region, the Red Cross and local health officials to step up efforts to improve sanitation in the area in a bid to avert the epidemic. Tests on the 17 cases are being carried out in Kuwait and the results will be known on Thursday, WHO spokeswoman Fadila Shaib said.

57. CNN.com - South Africa Reports 66 New Cases In Cholera Outbreak - December 9, 20 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/12/09/southafrica.cholera.ap/index.html

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: South Africa reports 66 new cases in cholera outbreak PIETERMARITZBURG, South Africa (AP) A cholera epidemic that broke out in August in northeastern South Africa has now infected almost 7,000 people, with 66 new cases reported in the last 24 hours, authorities said Saturday.

58. Cholera Translate this page cholera. Erreger cholera-VIBRIONEN (mehrere Bio- und Serotypen). InfektionsquelleWasser, kontaminierte Nahrungsmittel und Getränke. Übertragung http://www.reisemed.at/cholera.html

Cholera Erreger: CHOLERA-VIBRIONEN (mehrere Bio- und Serotypen). Infektionsquelle: Wasser, kontaminierte Nahrungsmittel und Getränke. Übertragung: Fäko-oral, d. h. Cholera-Vibrionen werden mit dem Stuhl ausgeschieden und gelangen bei ungenügenden hygienischen Bedingungen (fehlender Wasser-, Abwasser- und Abfallhygiene) in die Nahrung und ins Wasser. Inkubationszeit: 1 bis 3 Tage, maximal 10 Tage (abhängig von der Infektionsdosis). Krankheitsbild: Man unterscheidet bei der Cholera verschiedene Verlaufsformen: a) gutartiger Verlauf: Beginnend mit leichten Bauchkrämpfen kommt es zum Auftreten von wässrigen Durchfällen, es werden jedoch selten mehr als ein Liter Flüssigkeit pro Tag verloren. Die Erkrankung ist klinisch nicht von Durchfallserkrankungen anderer Ursache zu unterscheiden und dauert zwischen 48 Stunden und maximal fünf Tagen. Durch den milden Verlauf treten keine wesentlichen Störungen des Flüssigkeits- und Mineralstoffwechsels auf. b) klassischer Verlauf: Bei dem dramatischen Bild der klassischen Cholera treten massivste reiswasser-ähnliche Durchfälle auf

59. Cholera Kills 15 In Niger CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/09/20/niger.cholera.reut/index.html

60. Guidelines For The Control Of Infectious Diseases - Cholera cholera. Victorian Statutory Requirement. Largescale epidemics of choleracaused by V.cholerae O139 have been seen in India and Bangladesh. http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/inf_dis/bluebook/cholera.htm

Public Health Division Department of Human Services Government of Victoria Australia home news ... about THE BLUE BOOK : Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Contents Cholera Victorian Statutory Requirement Group A notification. Infectious Agent Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139. V. cholerae occurs in two major biovars: the classical and the El Tor type. These two differ in biological and biochemical characteristics and both include organisms of the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes. Both biotypes can also be classified into various phage types. Note Non-O1 vibrios, formerly known as non-agglutinable vibrios (NAG) or non-cholera vibrios (NCV) are now included in the species Vibrio cholerae, but the reporting of Non-O1 infections as 'cholera' is inaccurate. Most Non-O1 strains do not secrete enterotoxin but these strains can cause sporadic cases, and outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness due to them have occurred in Venice (1981 and 1984) and in Lima, Peru (1984) Large-scale epidemics of cholera caused by V.cholerae O139 have been seen in India and Bangladesh

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