21. CHOLERA cholera (from the Gr. xp\r, K ile, and peav, to flow), the name given to two distinct forms of disease, simple cholera and malignant cholera. Althoug http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CH/CHOLERA.htm

CHOLERA CHOLERA SIMPLE CHOLERA (synonyms, Cholera Europaea, British Cholera, Summer or Autumnal Cholera) is the cholera of ancient medical writers, as is apparent from the accurate description of the disease given by Hippocrates, Celsus and Aretaeus. Its occurrence hi an epidemic form was noticed by various physicians in the i6th century, and an admirable account of the disease was subsequently given by Thomas Sydenham in 1669-1672. This disease is sometimes called Cholera Nostras, the word nostras, which is good Latin and used by Cicero, meaning " belonging to our country." The relations between it and Asiatic cholera (see below) are obscure. Clinically they may exactly resemble each other, and bacteriology has not been able to draw an absolute line between them. The real difference is epidemio-logical, cholera nostras having no epidemic significance. Attacks of this kind are of frequent occurrence in summer and autumn in almost all countries. They appear specially liable to occur when cold and damp alternate with heat. Occasionally the disorder prevails so extensively as to constitute an epidemic. The exciting causes of an attack are in many cases errors in diet, particularly the use of unripe fruit and new vegetables, and the excessive drinking of cold liquids during perspiration. Outbreaks of this disorder in a household or community can sometimes be traced to the use of impure water, or to noxious emanations from the sewers. In the treatment, vomiting should be encouraged so long as it shows the presence of undigested food, after which opiates ought to be administered. Small opium pills, or Dover's powder, or the aromatic powder of chalk with opium, are likely to be retained in the stomach, and will generally succeed in allaying the pain and diarrhoea, while ice and effervescing drinks serve to quench the thirst and subdue the sickns~. In aggravated cases where medicines are rejected, enemata of starch and laudanum, or the hypodermic injection of morphia, ought to be resorted to. Counter-irritation by mustard or turpentine over the abdomen is always of use, as is also friction with the hands where cramps are present. When sinking threatens, brandy and ammonia will be called for. During convalescence the food should be in the form of milk and farinaceous diet, or light soups, and all indigestible articles must be carefully avoided.

22. Communicable Disease Fact Sheet cholera. Version en español. What is cholera? cholera is a bacterialdisease that affects the intestinal tract. It is caused http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/cholera.htm

Return to Communicable Disease Home Page From the ... What's New Cholera What is cholera? Cholera is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. It is caused by a germ called Vibrio cholerae. Although only a few cases are recognized in the United States each year, epidemic levels of cholera have recently been reported in parts of Central and South America. Who gets cholera? While cholera is a rare disease in the U. S. , those who may be at risk include people traveling to foreign countries where outbreaks are occurring and people who consume raw or undercooked seafood from warm coastal waters subject to sewage contamination. In both instances, the risk is small. How is the germ spread? The cholera germ is passed in the stools. It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the fecal waste of an infected person. This occurs more often in underdeveloped countries lacking adequate water supplies and proper sewage disposal. What are the symptoms of cholera? People exposed to cholera may experience mild to severe diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. Fever is usually absent. How soon do symptoms appear?

23. Safe Water System A CDC evaluation using special vessels for disinfecting tap water with bleach and for preparing, storing, and dispensing ORS. http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/pub/pub/daniels_n.htm

Who is the SWS for? Why was the SWS developed? Where has the SWS been used? How is a SWS program started? ... Contact Us Safe Water System Publications First do no harm: making oral rehydration solution (ORS) safer in a cholera epidemic Daniels N, Simons L, Rodrigues A, Gunnlaugsson G, Forester T, Wells J, Hutwagner L, Tauxe R and Mintz E Abstract Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is lifesaving therapy for cholera and pediatric diarrhea. During a cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau, we evaluated the microbiologic quality of ORS prepared at a hospital and tested a simple intervention using special vessels for disinfecting tap water with bleach and for preparing, storing, and dispensing ORS. Few coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were recovered from tap water; however, pre-intervention ORS contained numerous bacteria including E. coli and toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1. In contrast, ORS samples from intervention vessels had few or no coliform bacteria, no

24. FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book Vibrio Cholerae Serogroup O1 O1. 1. Name of the Organism Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, This bacteriumis responsible for Asiatic or epidemic cholera. No major http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap7.html

C enter for F ood S A pplied N utrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1 1. Name of the Organism: Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1 This bacterium is responsible for Asiatic or epidemic cholera. No major outbreaks of this disease have occurred in the United States since 1911. However, sporadic cases occurred between 1973 and 1991, suggesting the possible reintroduction of the organism into the U.S. marine and estuarine environment. The cases between 1973 and 1991 were associated with the consumption of raw shellfish or of shellfish either improperly cooked or re-contaminated after proper cooking. Environmental studies have demonstrated that strains of this organism may be found in the temperate estuarine and marine coastal areas surrounding the United States. In 1991 cholera was reported for the first time in this century in South America, starting in Peru. The outbreaks quickly grew to epidemic proportions and spread to other South American and Central American countries, and into Mexico. 1,099,882 cases and 10,453 deaths were reported in the Western Hemisphere between January 1991 and July 1995. Although the South American strain of V. cholerae O1 has been isolated from Gulf Coast waters, presumably transmitted by ships off-loading contaminated ballast water, no cases of cholera have been attributed to fish or shellfish harvested from U.S. waters. However, over 100 cases of cholera caused by the South American strain have been reported in the United States. These cases were travelers returning from South America, or were associated with illegally smuggled, temperature-abused crustaceans from South America.

25. CNN.com - Scientists Sequence Cholera Genome - August 2, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/02/cholera.genome.02/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Scientists sequence cholera genome Research could lead to more effective treatments From staff and wire reports WASHINGTON (CNN) - Researchers have decoded the genetic map of the bacterium that causes cholera, a potentially fatal intestinal illness that sickens hundreds of thousands of people a year, mostly in the developing world. "Determining the genomic sequence of medically important pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae holds enormous promise for helping us fight some of the world's most intractable infectious diseases," said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which funded the project.

26. Malawi Cholera Outbreak Kills 28 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/africa/01/04/health.malawi.cholera.reut/index.html

27. EMedicine - Cholera : Article By Vidhu V Thaker, MD cholera The appellation for cholera probably derives from the Greek word forthe gutter of a roof, comparing the deluge of water following a rainstorm to http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic382.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Cholera Last Updated: December 18, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Vibrio cholerae, V cholerae, Vibrio cholerae Vibrio cholerae O139, diarrhea, cholera toxin, CTX, diarrhea, cholera toxin, CTX AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Vidhu V Thaker, MD , Instructor in Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center Vidhu V Thaker, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics Editor(s): Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc , Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Robert Konop, PharmD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota; Mark R Schleiss, MD

28. Medicine-Worldwide: Cholera Translate this page cholera - eine ernstzunehmendeSeuchenkrankheit. Wo kommt sie her,was loest sie aus, wie kann man sich schuetzen, was ist cholera. http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/infektionskrankheiten/cholera.html

Sie befinden sich hier: startseite krankheiten infektionskrankheiten Infektionskrankheiten ... Über uns Cholera Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Historisches Erreger Infektionsweg ... Rechtliches Zusammenfassung Die Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien - nämlich durch Vibrio cholerae bzw. heutzutage vor allem durch Vibrio el Tor - ausgelöste Durchfallerkrankung, die unbehandelt in bis zu 60% der Fälle tödlich endet. Die Übertragung der Bakterien erfolgt in erster Linie durch mit Fäkalien kontaminiertes Trinkwasser. Die Vibrionen bilden ein Toxin (= Gift), das zu massiven Flüssigkeitsverlusten von bis zu 25 Liter pro Tag in Form von "reiswasserartigen" Durchfällen führt. Die weiteren Symptome reichen von Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Heiserkeit und Muskelkrämpfen bis hin zum Nierenversagen. Historisches Erreger Die Cholera wird durch Vibrio cholerae und heutzutage vor allem durch Vibrio el Tor Infektionsweg Cholerabakterien gelangen durch Stuhl verunreinigtes Wasser, selten mit verunreinigter Nahrung in den Gastrointestinaltrakt (Magen-Darmtrakt) des Menschen. Ursachen Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Historisches Erreger Infektionsweg ... Rechtliches Sponsored Links: www.chironvaccines.com

29. EMedicine - Cholera : Article By Sajeev Handa, MBBCh, BAO cholera cholera, which is derived from a Greek term meaning “flow of bile,”is caused by Vibrio cholerae and is the most feared epidemic diarrheal http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic351.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Cholera Last Updated: March 21, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Vibrio cholerae, V cholerae, V cholerae El Tor, V cholerae V cholerae O139, diarrhea, diarrheal diseases, dehydration, El Tor, Inaba, Ogawa, Hikojima, Bengal, gram-negative bacteria, bacterial infection, bacteremia, water-borne bacteria, water contamination, fecal contamination, enterotoxin, undercooked seafood, pandemic, fecal-oral contamination, fecal oral contamination, oral rehydration solution, ORS, water treatment, sewage disposal AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Sajeev Handa, MBBCh, BAO , Director of Internal Medicine Inpatient Service, Clinical Instructor, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine Sajeev Handa, MBBCh, BAO, is a member of the following medical societies:

30. CNN.com - Cholera Spreads In Liberian City - Sep. 1, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/09/01/liberia.cholera.reut/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Cholera spreads in Liberian city Hawa Bagoh, 6, being treated for respiratory problems in the Medicins Sans Frontieres Hospital in Monrovia. Story Tools SPECIAL REPORT Interactive: The U.S. and Liberia Profile: Charles Taylor Map: West Africa Fact Sheet: Liberia MONROVIA, Liberia (Reuters) A cholera epidemic is raging in Liberia's capital, where hundreds of thousands of displaced people are living in overcrowded camps with little sanitation, a World Health Organisation (WHO) official said. Data collected from aid agencies running hospitals and clinics across Monrovia showed that 1,203 new cases of cholera were registered between August 11-17, up from 727 cases in the previous week. Omar Khatib, the WHO representative in the West African country, told Reuters late on Sunday that the figure compared with an average of 300 to 400 new cases per week usually registered in the coastal city at the peak of the rainy season, when cholera outbreaks are more common. "This is a very big number. It's the result of the big influx of people into the city during the fighting and the fact that these people are living in overcrowded camps with no sanitation,'' Khatib said.

31. Medicine-Worldwide: Cholera Translate this page cholera - eine ernstzunehmende Seuchenkrankheit. Wo kommt sie her,was löst sie aus, wie kann man sich schützen, was ist cholera. http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/tropenkrankheiten/cholera.html

Sie befinden sich hier: startseite krankheiten tropenkrankheiten Tropenkrankheiten ... Über uns Cholera Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Historisches Erreger Infektionsweg ... Rechtliches Zusammenfassung Die Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien - nämlich durch Vibrio cholerae bzw. heutzutage vor allem durch Vibrio el Tor - ausgelöste Durchfallerkrankung, die unbehandelt in bis zu 60% der Fälle tödlich endet. Die Übertragung der Bakterien erfolgt in erster Linie durch mit Fäkalien kontaminiertes Trinkwasser. Die Vibrionen bilden ein Toxin (= Gift), das zu massiven Flüssigkeitsverlusten von bis zu 25 Liter pro Tag in Form von "reiswasserartigen" Durchfällen führt. Die weiteren Symptome reichen von Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Heiserkeit und Muskelkrämpfen bis hin zum Nierenversagen. Historisches Erreger Die Cholera wird durch Vibrio cholerae und heutzutage vor allem durch Vibrio el Tor Infektionsweg Cholerabakterien gelangen durch Stuhl verunreinigtes Wasser, selten mit verunreinigter Nahrung in den Gastrointestinaltrakt (Magen-Darmtrakt) des Menschen. Ursachen Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Historisches Erreger Infektionsweg ... Rechtliches Partnerangebote: Aktiv leben mit Blasenschwäche Impressum genannten Bitte beachten Sie auch unseren Haftungsausschluss Druckversion Bookmark setzen Diese Seite empfehlen ... NEWSLETTER

32. CNN.com - WHO Says Cholera Kills 26 In South Africa - October 18, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/10/18/safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: WHO says cholera kills 26 in South Africa GENEVA, Switzerland (Reuters) An outbreak of cholera has killed 26 people in South Africa's eastern Kwazulu-Natal province since the first case was reported in August, the World Health Organization said on Wednesday.

33. Professional Nursing Today: Cholera - Epidemics Are Major Health Concerns Comprehensive overview of this disease, from the South African publication Professional Nursing Today. Describes the responsible organism, transmission, epidemic control, signs and symptoms, treatment, treatments that are not recommended, and tips for travellers. http://www.medpharm.co.za/nursing/2001/first2001/cholera.html

Medpharm only Medpharm and E-Doc Vacancies Classifieds Events Previous Issues ... Table of Content Cholera - Epidemics are major health concerns More information on cholera Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Although members of the species Vibrio, cause a number of important infections, classic among them is cholera, a devastating disease caused by Vibrio cholerae group O1. This particular species has been responsible for seven global pandemics and much suffering over the past two centuries. The infectious dose for cholera is relatively high and most persons infected with V. cholerae do not become ill. However, the bacterium is present in their faeces for 7-14 days. When illness does occur, more than 90% of episodes are of mild or moderate severity. Less than 10% of ill persons develop typical cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. For unexplained reasons, susceptibility to cholera is significantly influenced by ABO blood group status, those with type O blood are at greatest risk, while those with type AB are at least risk. Cholera is spread by the ingestion of contaminated water and food. Sudden large outbreaks are usually caused by a contaminated water supply. Ingestion of water contaminated with human faeces is the most common route of infection with

34. Cholera Outbreak In Northern Nigeria Infects More Than 200 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/11/14/nigeria.cholera.ap/index.html

35. National Disaster Management Centre NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE. cholera EPIDEMIC 2000/2001. Contact INFO. Latestcholera Data. Click here to see a National and Provincial Summary on cholera. http://sandmc.pwv.gov.za/ndmc/cholera/

DEPARTMENT OF PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC Contact INFO National Disaster Management Centre Regional Contacts Acknowledgements Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Chief Directorate Scientific Services Institute for Water Quality Studies Water Quality Management Chief Directorate Water Services World Health Organisation Provincial Health Departments Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR - Environmentek) Latest Cholera Data Click here to see a National and Provincial Summary on Cholera View Latest Data per province Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Northern Province Western Cape CSIR Situation Reports Weekly Reports (.pdf) from 29/01/2001 onwards Daily Reports (.pdf) discontinued on 26/01/2001 Geographical Reports Geographical representation of data (Maps) Schools in High Risk Areas How to use the above maps (PDF) Other Maps Potential High Risk Areas (IWQS) GRAPHS National and Provincial Perspective Institute for Water Quality Studies Fact Sheet PDF HTM Institute for Water Quality Studies Brochure Water Quality Brochure: Cholera Risks From Well Serviced Areas WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION Some Frequently Asked Questions about Cholera Fact Sheets Need more info?

36. Cholera Fact Sheet Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology cholera fact sheet. What is cholera? cholerais an intestinal disease caused by bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/cholera.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Cholera Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Cholera fact sheet What is cholera? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Diagnosis and treatment ... Prevention What is cholera? Cholera is an intestinal disease caused by bacteria called Vibrio cholerae . In countries reporting outbreaks of cholera, the bacteria may be in the water supply, uncooked seafood, or other contaminated foods. Cholera is very rare in the United States. What are the symptoms? Usually start 2-3 days after exposure and include: Sudden onset of severe watery diarrhea Occasional vomiting and cramping Dehydration (loss of fluids), if not treated In severe untreated cases, death may occur in a few hours

37. National Institute Of Cholera And Enteric Diseases Involved in research in molecular epidemiology, biochemistry and molecular biology and microbiology, virology and parasitology. http://icmr.nic.in/niced.htm

National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Institute Profile History Thrust areas of research Staff/ Departmental structure Objectives ... Home History Back Home Objectives a. To conduct biomedical and operational research in diarrhoeal diseases with the ultimate goal of developing appropriate strategies for their control. b. To disseminate research information through training as well as to develop teaching modules and methodologies for training of the health care personnel at different levels. c. To provide referral services and to extend support to the National Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme. d. To provide research information and expertise for tackling National emergencies caused by epidemics of cholera and other diarrhoeal diseases. e. To conduct research in HIV/AIDS Back Home Thrust Areas of Research a. Community studies and epidemiological investigation. b. Molecular epidemiology. c. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. d. Clinical research. e. Microbiology, Virology and Parasitology. f. Immunology g.

38. Geography Education: Grades 9-12 @ Nationalgeographic.com SITE INDEX. FIGHTING cholera WITH MAPS Forward to next 912 lesson Handoutsfor this lesson Return to 9-12 Table of Contents page Snow on cholera. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/education/ideas912/912cholera.ht

SITE INDEX FIGHTING CHOLERA WITH MAPS Forward to next 9-12 lesson Handouts for this lesson Return to 9-12 Table of Contents page Preview of Main Ideas Connection With the Curriculum This lesson on cholera can be used in geography, world history, and other social studies classes. Teaching Level: Grades 6-12 Geography Standards 1. How to use maps and other tools and technologies 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments 17. How to apply geography to interpret the past Geography Themes: Location, Place, Human/Environment Interaction, Movement Materials One copy of each handout for each student: Overhead projector and transparency of each map (Optional) Objectives Students are expected to Examine maps to draw conclusions about cholera deaths in London Understand how maps can provide useful information about an issue Understand how maps can be used to solve problems Opening the Lesson Developing the Lesson Concluding the Lesson Assessing Student Learning Extending the Lesson Discuss some questions that are important to medical geographers: Where are diseases found? How do diseases spread? Is there a pattern to the spread of disease? Are some diseases more common in some environments than in others? Are the locations of health-care facilities important? Are they related to patterns of disease? Have students research the spread of specific diseases, for example, AIDS, smallpox, malaria, or typhoid, then use medical atlases to research and plot the spread of diseases on blank outline maps.

39. ImmunoFacts Offers a wide variety of resources, including international vaccine recommendations, adverse event reporting, training, and information on numerous specific vaccinepreventable diseases such as plague, cholera, rabies, and rotavirus. http://www.immunofacts.com/

HOME New ImmunoFacts Monographs What's New Government Databases ... Meet the Facts and Comparisons Family THE IMMUNIZATION GATEWAY: YOUR VACCINE FACT-FINDER document.write("" + day + month); document.write(myweekday + ", " + year + ""); Your comprehensive link to the most up-to-date, expert immunization resources available via the Internet. Use this site as the jumping-off point for the best in vaccine and antibody information. This Immunization Gateway is an electronic service of ImmunoFacts , the most detailed, up-to-date reference book available on immunologic drugs. About the author: John Grabenstein About the publisher: Facts and Comparisons Consider this site authoritative. We will only connect you to the most responsible sources of information we can find. We subscribe to the HONcode principals of the Health On the Net Foundation SEP 1998 winner of the BMN "Beagle" award. Be sure to add www.immunofacts.com

40. Geography Education: Grades 5-8 @ Nationalgeographic.com SITE INDEX. FIGHTING cholera WITH MAPS Forward to next 58 lesson Handoutsfor this lesson Return to 5-8 Table of Contents page Snow on cholera. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/education/ideas58/58cholera.html

SITE INDEX FIGHTING CHOLERA WITH MAPS Forward to next 5-8 lesson Handouts for this lesson Return to 5-8 Table of Contents page Preview of Main Ideas Connection With the Curriculum This lesson on cholera can be used in geography, world history, and other social studies classes. Teaching Level: Grades 6-12 Geography Standards 1. How to use maps and other tools and technologies 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments 17. How to apply geography to interpret the past Geography Themes: Location, Place, Human/Environment Interaction, Movement Materials One copy of each handout for each student: Overhead projector and transparency of each map (Optional) Objectives Students are expected to: Examine maps to draw conclusions about cholera deaths in London Understand how maps can provide useful information about an issue Understand how maps can be used to solve problems Opening the Lesson Developing the Lesson Concluding the Lesson Assessing Student Learning Extending the Lesson Discuss some questions that are important to medical geographers: Where are diseases found? How do diseases spread? Is there a pattern to the spread of disease? Are some diseases more common in some environments than in others? Are the locations of health-care facilities important? Are they related to patterns of disease? Have students research the spread of specific diseases, for example, AIDS, smallpox, malaria, or typhoid, then use medical atlases to research and plot the spread of diseases on blank outline maps.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 156    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | Next 20