121. Cervical Cancer CTFPHC Systematic Reviews Recommendations. Please select the format in which you want to view this review Screening for cervical cancer. http://www.ctfphc.org/Sections/section10ch073.htm

Please select the format in which you want to view this review: Screening for Cervical Cancer Full Text - The Entire Review .htm (stay on CTFPHC site and browse the review) .pdf (go to Health Canada Site to download Adobe document) Structured Abstract ... Recommendations (Table only) Selected References Back to Neoplasms CTFPHC Home Page Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care For any technical issues please contact: webmaster@ctfphc.org Last modified: June 10, 1998.

122. Women's Health - Illinois Department Of Public Health Illinois Breast and cervical cancer Program. Frequently Asked Questions. What is the Illinois Breast and cervical cancer Program? http://www.idph.state.il.us/about/womenshealth/owhbccp.htm

Home Health Concerns Publications Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program ... Education and Funding Opportunities Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program Frequently Asked Questions What is the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program? The Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program offers free mammograms, breast exams, pelvic exams and Pap tests to eligible women. Funded cooperatively by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Illinois Department of Public Health, the program was created to provide breast and cervical cancer screening and referrals to low- income, uninsured women. Since the program was launched in Illinois in 1995, almost 35,000 women have been screened for breast and cervical cancers. In 2000, the U.S. Congress enacted the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act. The Illinois General Assembly followed with similar legislation in May 2001, which was signed into law effective in July 2001. Since August 1, 2001, the IBCCP has been referring enrolled women to the Illinois Department of Public Aid for assistance with cancer treatment; there is no cost for eligible women. Who is eligible for this program?

123. FORCES - THE EVIDENCE - Smoking And Cervical Cancer SMOKING AND cervical cancer Index of studies indicating that new techniques prove that smoking has been falsely blamed for this disease. http://www.forces.org/evidence/evid/cervical.htm

Forces International Back to The evidence SMOKING AND CERVICAL CANCER Back to main page Virus Blamed for all Cervical Cancers - Those who are in the movement fighting the scientific frauds of the anti-tobacco cartel certainly remember the media blitz about cervical cancer being caused by smoking. "Now fresh evidence suggests that a virus may be the sole cause of cervical cancer - adding weight to calls for new tests and vaccines." The media is strangely silent on the issue. Studies Implicate HPV in Bladder Cancer, HPV May Be The Key To "Excess Smoking Risk" - With state of the art detection techniques, HPV is now found in nearly 100% of cervical cancers. HPV infection is more common among smokers due to riskier sexual behavior, which resulted in confounding in older studies that falsely implicated smoking. Cervical Cancer - Note that despite the publication in April 1996, in JNCI Monograph 21, of the NIH Consensus Statement on cervical cancer that is tantamount to abandoning the claim that smoking causes cervical cancer, in 1997 JNCI still published two letters attempting to insinuate that there is such a connection. Smoking and Cervical Cancer - In a recent paper, A N Phillips and George Davey demonstrated mathematically that smoking could be falsely blamed for cervical cancer by failure to detect all exposure to a causative pathogen with a high risk...

124. Cervical Cancer / Cancer Of The Cervix cervical cancer / Cancer of the Cervix. cervical cancer occurs at the cervix which is the opening to the womb. The highest incidence http://www.eurohealth.ie/cancom/cercan1.htm

Cervical Cancer / Cancer of the Cervix Cervical cancer occurs at the cervix which is the opening to the womb. The highest incidence of cervical cancer occurs in women aged 40-55. Each year in Ireland, over 60 women die of cervical cancer. Nearly 70% of women who die from cervical cancer have not hadroutine smear tests. The majority of cervical cancer cases can be successfullyprevented if detected early enough by regular smear tests. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The most common symptom is vaginal bleeding after intercourse. Bleeding between periods may be also abnormal. Offensive vaginal discharge may also be a symptom. In the early stages of the disease, there may be no obvious signs or symptoms that will tell a woman she is at risk. The only way to detect cancerous cells is by having a regular smear test every 2-3 years. RISK FACTORS Genital infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV), which in some cases causes genital warts, plays a role in the development of cervical cancer. HPV is passed on during sexual intercourse with an infected partner.

125. Treatment Of Cervical Cancer At Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic Medical Services cervical cancer. Treatment of cervical cancer at Mayo Clinic. The cervix (mouth of the womb) is the lower http://www.mayoclinic.org/cervicalcancer/

Home About Mayo Clinic Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Cervical Cancer Cervical Cancer Treatment Diagnosis and Staging Risk Factors Appointments ... Medical Services Treatment of Cervical Cancer at Mayo Clinic The cervix (mouth of the womb) is the lower part of the uterus and connects the body of the uterus to the vagina. According to the American Cancer Society, cervical cancer accounts for about 6 percent of all cancers in women in the United States. Most cervical cancers begin as abnormal, or precancerous, changes in the lining of the cervix. These changes can be detected through regular Pap smears. The survival rate for cervical cancer that is caught before it has spread is nearly 100 percent. The overall survival rate for all stages is 69 percent. Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer. It may include surgery, radiation or chemotherapy or a combination of any or all of the available treatments. A patient's age, desire to have children and general medical condition all play a role in planning the best treatment. Early cancer (Stage IA) may be treated with fertility-maintaining surgery. Surgery will be the likely treatment for early stage (IB, IIA) cervical cancer. It usually involves removing the uterus and cervix and lymph nodes in the pelvis and possibly the aortic region (radical hysterectomy). In young women, ovaries may remain intact to ensure normal hormone production. Stages IIB through IV are generally treated with pelvic radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

126. HERO HealthHints - Women's Health: Focus On Cervical Cancer (March/April, 1998) Volume 2, Number 3 March/April, 1998 Women s Health Focus on cervical cancer. Editor Women s health Focus on cervical cancer From http://fcs.tamu.edu/health/Health_Education_Rural_Outreach/Health_Hints/1998/Mar

Topic Index Issue Date Index Health FCS Home Volume 2, Number 3 - March/April, 1998 Women's Health: Focus on Cervical Cancer Editor: Carol A. Rice, Ph.D., RN Associate Professor and Extension Specialist-Health Education Associate Editor: Janet M. Pollard, MPH Extension Associate-Health Table of Contents Women's health: Focus on cervical cancer Cervical cancer Cervical cancer in Texas What is cervical cancer? ... Websites with reliable information Women's health: Focus on cervical cancer From adolescents and puberty through menopause, women cope with unique health issues. Among women aged 25-44, cancer, accidents, and heart disease, respectively, are the three most common causes of death. Among older women, heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death (Kemper, 1997). This issue of HealthHints takes a look at one of the most common cancers among women, cervical cancer. We will look at its causes, as well as how to detect, treat, and prevent such cancer. Additionally, this issue of HealthHints will take a brief look at other women's health concerns such as heart disease, and the risk-reducing behavior, exercise, specifically walking.

127. Breast And Cervical Cancer Control Program Breast and cervical cancer Control Program. Women s Cancer Screening Program in Michigan. 2. What are the recommended screening guidelines for cervical cancer? http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/1,1607,7-132-2940_2955-13487--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home MDCH Home Sitemap ... Problem Gambling Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program Women's Cancer Screening Program in Michigan Where Are These Services Available? Women throughout Michigan may seek these services from local health departments and over 700 contracted BCCCP providers across the state. Services are also available through tribal health clinics of federally recognized Indian tribes. A woman's usual health care provider may encourage the woman to take advantage of this program. In addition, any Michigan woman ages 40 through 64 can call (toll-free) 800-922-MAMM to obtain a phone number for the BCCCP local coordinating agency closest to her home. The local agency will assess each woman for program eligibility, based upon age and income, and will provide an appointment to a health care provider or clinic near her home. For the name and number of the local BCCCP agency nearest you , call (toll-free) 800-922-MAMM or click here to download a county-by-county list of local BCCCP coordinating agencies within Michigan. (available as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file)* Provider Participation BCCCP services are coordinated through 20 local health departments across Michigan, as well as the Karmanos Cancer Institute in Detroit. These agencies have enlisted the cooperation and participation of physicians, hospitals, and other health care organizations in their communities to assure that all necessary follow-up services are provided.

128. Hospital Practice: Human Papillomavirus And The Risk Of Cervical Cancer Human Papillomavirus and the Risk of cervical cancer ROBERT D. BURK Albert Einstein College of Medicine Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as the http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1999/11/burk.htm

Human Papillomavirus and the Risk of Cervical Cancer ROBERT D. BURK Albert Einstein College of Medicine Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as the driving force behind the dysregulation of the cell cycle that underlies cervical malignant transformation. Although nearly all cervical cancers contain HPV genomes, the vast majority of HPVs are not oncogenic but merely induce benign lesions. Because progressive abnormalities take at least a decade to develop into invasive cancers, young women with low-grade lesions can often be managed with watchful waiting rather than ablative therapy. Dr. Burk is Professor, Division of Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, and Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, N. Y. His work is supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI31055, CA78527). For more than 100 years, scientists have recognized that cervical cancerthe second most prevalent malignancy in women worldwideis caused by a sexually transmitted agent. Before the development of recombinant DNA technology, herpes was assumed to be the culprit. Few investigators suspected a wart virus, because high-grade human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions are not morphologically "wart-like" but typically flat. In 1956, Leopold G. Koss became the first to describe the unusual structure of the squamous cells associated with these lesions (large cells with exaggerated, hyperchromatic nuclei and an often sharply demarcated perinuclear clear zone), which he termed "koilocytotic atypia" or "koilocytosis," from the Greek koilos, meaning hollow (Figure 1).

129. SMJ June 1996 - Radical Hysterectomy For Stage IB Cervical Cancer:... Radical Hysterectomy for Stage IB cervical cancer Recurrence Interval as a Predictor of Survival. MICHAEL A. FINAN, MD, AHMED A. ABDOH http://www.sma.org/smj/96jun7.htm

Radical Hysterectomy for Stage IB Cervical Cancer: Recurrence Interval as a Predictor of Survival MICHAEL A. FINAN, MD, AHMED A. ABDOH, PhD, JAMES V. FIORICA, MD, MITCHEL S. HOFFMAN, MD, WILLIAM S. ROBERTS, MD, and DENIS CAVANAGH, MD, Tampa, Fla ABSTRACT: MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1978 and 1991, 212 patients with stage IB carcinoma of the cervix were surgically treated by members of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa. Of these 212 patients, 200 were included in the study group. Excluded were those who had received preoperative radiotherapy, had carcinoma of the cervical stump, or had not had radical hysterectomy because metastatic or extensive disease was encountered on surgical exploration. Surgical management included a Rutledge type III radical hysterectomy with a bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy; para-aortic lymphadenectomy was done selectively when indicated. Ovarian conservation was maintained for younger patients when appropriate. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered for patients with risk factors for recurrence, including (individually or in combination) positive lymph nodes, large tumor volume, deep invasion, positive capillary lymphatic space involvement, and lower uterine segment involvement, as previously reported.1 As is a common practice for reporting survival data, our survival curves are oriented with the initial surgical treatment as "time zero." RESULTS During the 5-year follow-up (median follow-up of 2.8 years; range, 1 to 5 years), 31 of the 200 patients (15.5%) had recurrence. Thirteen of these 31 (41.9%) died of cancer during the study period; one died of intercurrent disease. The mortality rate for the entire study sample was 7% (14/200). Survival of the patients with recurrence was directly proportional to the recurrence time (

130. Disease Category Listing (30): Cervical Cancer Clinical Trials cervical cancer. Georgia. New York. New York; ColumbiaPresbyterian Medical Center Study for patients with cervical cancer. Pennsylvania. http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/studies/cat30.html

Clinical Trials: Cervical Cancer Georgia GOG-0201 Treatment of patients with Stage IB2 Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Randomized comparison of Radical Hysterectomy and Tailored Chemo-Radiation versus Primary Chemo-Radiation. Savannah; Memorial Health Research Center A Phase II Evaluation of Bevacizumab (rHuMAB VEGF) in the Treatment of Persistent or Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix (GOG 227-C) Kentucky Lexington; Central Baptist Hospital Clinical Research Center Brookview 2001: Cervical and Endometrial Carcinoma Study. New York New York; Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center Study for patients with cervical cancer Pennsylvania Pittsburgh; Primary Physicians Research Primary Physicians Research conducts a variety of studies concerning women's health issues. Virginia Charlottesville; University of Virginia Capecitabine in the Treatment of Persistent or Recurrent Non-squamous Carcinoma of the Cervix Charlottesville; University of Virginia Paclitaxel + Cisplatin v. Vinorelbine + Cisplatin in Stage IVB, Recurrent or Persistent Cervical CA Charlottesville; University of Virginia

131. Cancer Figures from the American Cancer Society. cervical cancer and partners circumcision status. In cervical cancer vaccine success. A http://www.circumstitions.com/Cancer.html

Circumcision and Cancer Cancer is a terrifying malady, and the threat of it has been a powerful motivation for circumcising babies, reaching its nadir in David Reuben's compendium of misinformation, Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Sex... with its "... and the remedy for penile cancer is CASTRATION. And THAT is THAT." Who would not circumcise to prevent castration? The reality is more ambiguous. Penile Cancer Penile cancer is one of the rarest cancers - rarer even than breast cancer in men - and figures for it are hard to come by. Circumcised men get penile cancer at about the same tiny rate as intact men. Studies that seemed to show a correlation had not been corrected for age; penile cancer is a disease of old men, and the old men with cancer in the studies had simply been born at a time when circumcision was less customary than when the younger men without cancer were born. When men of the same ages were compared, the correlation vanished. This graph illustrates both the rarity of penile cancer and its lack of connection with circumcision: (If you do not see the graph at full size , click here.)

132. Hawaii Breast And Cervical Cancer Control Program Hawaii Breast and cervical cancer Control Program. Excluding skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among American http://www.state.hi.us/health/resource/cancer/

133. About Us Page For The Breast & Cervical Cancer Program Breast cervical cancer Program. Welcome to the Breast cervical cancer Program. DHHS has provided funding for a Breast and Cervical http://www.dhhs.state.nh.us/DHHS/BCCP/default.htm

Home Advanced Search DCDP BCCP ABOUT US CONTACT INFO ELIGIBILITY FAQs LAWS-RULES-POLICIES ... LIBRARY DHHS has provided funding for a Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program since 1985. In 1990, the US Congress passed the Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act that mandated and provided funding for the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. NH has combined its state resources with federal funding since 1993, greatly expanding NH's ability to provide a statewide Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program. The program offers eligible participants access to the following services: Women's Health Exam Mammography Pap Smear Gynecology Exam The mission of NH's Let No Woman Be Overlooked Breast and Cervical Cancer Program is to plan, promote and implement programs of education and screening to reduce the mortality rates, through early detection, of breast and cervical cancer among NH women. This mission is carried out statewide through a comprehensive program which addresses the seven component areas of: screening

134. Uterine And Cervical Cancer File: Promising New Treatments The Uterine and cervical cancer FileSM C E N T E R F O R C U R R E N T R E S E A R C H. The Uterine and cervical cancer File brings you the inside story on http://www.lifestages.com/health/uterinec.html

The Uterine and Cervical Cancer File SM C E N T E R F O R C U R R E N T R E S E A R C H Approved by Physicians' Home Page Medinex Seal of Approval WellnessWeb: The Patient's Network HONcode Principles of the Health On the Net Foundation Partners of CareData.com W Uterine and Cervical Cancer File Uterine and Cervical Cancer File Uterine and Cervical Cancer File informs you about studies at such renowned institutions as the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at UC Irvine, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Division of Radiation Oncology at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The Uterine and Cervical Cancer File brings you the inside story on: Chemotherapy for Uterine and Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy for Uterine and Cervical Cancer Combination Therapies Surgical Treatments Genetic Issues in Cancer Care Alternative Therapies for Uterine and Cervical Cancer General Studies in Uterine and Cervical Cancer Free access to full-text articles on uterine and cervical cancer management And much more . . .

135. The Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening Program (BCCP) The Breast and cervical cancer Screening Program (BCCP). In 1992 the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene received a http://mdpublichealth.org/cancer/html/bccp.html

Center for Cancer Surveillance and Control Council on Physical Fitness Genetics and Children Center for Maternal and Child Health Chronic Disease Prevention Child and Adolescent Health Health Promotion, Education Injury Prevention and Health Assessment Primary Care And Rural Health Oral Health Deer's Head Center Western Maryland Center CCSC HOME Notice of Privacy Practices CCSC DIVISIONS Maryland Cancer Registry State Council on Cancer Control Breast and Cervical Cancer Program Screening Program ... Cigarette Restitution Fund Program SPECIAL PROGRAMS Colon Cancer Screening Program Coalition for Skin Cancer Prevention in Maryland Comprehensive Cancer Planning In Maryland CRF Local Public Health CANCER DATA CRF Annual Cancer Report , 2003 Annual Cancer Report, CRF, 2002 (Errata) Maryland Cancer Survey Report , 2002 ... Insurance Mandates PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Physician Materials Participating Providers in Breast and Cervical Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Database Search Medical Assistance Providers Search CANCER RESOURCES Guidelines and Factsheets WWW Links Cancer Publications The Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program (BCCP) In 1992 the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene received a grant from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide breast and cervical cancer screening services to low income, uninsured or underinsured women. In 1997, the grant was renewed for an additional five years. The Maryland legislature, in 1998, made state funds available to supplement the CDC grant. These funds will pay for an annual clinical breast examination, annual mammogram and pap smears, as needed, for women 40 -64 years of age and for women over 65, if they do not have Medicare Part B. Participants in the program must be Maryland residents with family incomes less than 250% of the federal poverty level and not have insurance with screening benefits.

136. New Scientist Circumcision cuts cervical cancer rates. Increasing the rate of male circumcision could slash cases of cervical cancer in women, according to a new report. http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992157

137. Conference Promotes Breast And Cervical Cancer Awareness In Nigeria In an unusual effort to create awareness of breast and cervical cancer risk, prevention, detection and treatment among African doctors and the public http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-05/uocm-cpb050704.php

Public release date: 7-May-2004 Contact: John Easton jeaston@uchospitals.edu University of Chicago Medical Center Conference promotes breast and cervical cancer awareness in Nigeria In an unusual effort to create awareness of breast and cervical cancer risk, prevention, detection and treatment among African doctors and the public, physicians and scientists from the University of Chicago, the University of Ibadan (Nigeria), and the Medical Women's Association of Nigeria have organized the First International Workshop on New Trends in the Management of Breast and Cervical Cancers, to be held May 17-21 in Lagos, Nigeria. "Somebody has to do this," explained Nigerian-born cancer specialist and conference organizer Funmi Olopade, MBBS, FACP, professor of medicine at the University of Chicago. Although the five-year survival rate for breast cancer patients in the United States exceeds 85 percent, in Nigeria it is a dismal 10 percent. "Cancer awareness, even among physicians, and much more so among women at risk, needs an enormous boost in Nigeria," Olopade said. "We think we have pulled together the resources to start to make that happen." Besides Olopade, those resources include teams headed by Olayide Ogunsulire, MBBS, president of the Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, which includes all female registered medical and dental practitioners in Nigeria, and Adeyinka Falusi, Ph.D., director of the Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, the oldest and most prestigious medical school in sub-Saharan Africa.

138. National Cancer Institute - Cervical Cancer Treatment versions. Date Last Modified 01/20/2004, health professional. cervical cancer. return to top. General Information About cervical cancer. http://www.nci.nih.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/cervical/patient/

var bSearchBoxBool=false; window.onload+="MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_home_over.gif','/images/nav_cancer_topics_over.gif','/images/nav_clinical_trials_over.gif','/images/nav_cancer_statistics_over.gif','/images/nav_research_funding_over.gif','/images/nav_news_over.gif','/images/nav_about_over.gif');" Date Last Modified: General Information About Cervical Cancer Stages of Cervical Cancer Recurrent Cervical Cancer Treatment Option Overview Treatment Options By Stage ... Print-friendly Quick Links Dictionary Funding Opportunities NCI Publications NCI Calendar NCI Highlights Some Men with Low PSAs Have Prostate Cancer Energy Balance Trans-HHS Cancer Health Disparities Report Past Highlights General Information About Cervical Cancer Key Points for This Section Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the cervix. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor for development of cervical cancer. There are usually no noticeable signs of early cervical cancer but it can be detected early with yearly check-ups. Possible signs of cervical cancer include vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. ... Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the cervix. The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the

139. Abnormal Pap Smear: Hpv Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Dysplasia Book by Lynda Rushing, M.D. and Nancy Joste, M.D. about pap smears test results and the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its connection to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Site includes excerpt from the book, ordering information, and profiles of the authors. http://www.abnormalpapsmears.com/

If you have accessed this web site, the chances are very high that you or someone you know has had an abnormal Pap smear. You are not alone in this experience, as it is estimated that over 3 million women in the United States alone receive this news. We have learned, through our work as directors of cytology laboratories that diagnose Pap smears, of women's need for a clear and easily accessible source of information about their diagnosis. Our book, Abnormal Pap Smears: What Every Woman Needs to Know, is written for women like you. Abnormal Pap Smears: What Every Woman Needs to Know As cytopathologists and medical directors of cytology laboratories, we have spent years training for our profession, and we now spend good portions of typical working days diagnosing abnormal Pap smears. When speaking with women who were receiving our diagnoses, however, it became apparent that they were typically poorly informed about the specifics of their diagnoses, about the Pap smear procedure itself, a test that samples a woman's cervix for cervical cancer or its precancers, known as cervical dysplasia or 'SIL' (squamous intraepithelial lesion) . Women also were not well-informed about the proven correlation between the STD human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of abnormal Pap smears, and about the connection of HPV to cervical cancer. Our motivation to write Abnormal Pap Smears: What Women Need to Know

140. CNN - Why Cigarettes Can Be A Woman's Worst Enemy - November 8, 1999 Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer; worsens your period; damages your fertility; hurts your unborn baby; ages you; attacks your heart. http://cnn.com/HEALTH/women/9911/08/women.smoking.2.wmd/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health women > story page Why cigarettes can be a woman's worst enemy November 8, 1999 Web posted at: 3:00 PM EST (2000 GMT) In this story: Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer Smoking worsens your period Smoking damages your fertility Smoking hurts your unborn baby ... RELATEDS By Peg Rosen (WebMD) Sure, cigarettes can harm anybody, men and women alike. But some of smoking's ill effects, from ectopic pregnancy to premature menopause, are reserved for women only. This November 19 is the American Cancer Society's 22nd Great American Smokeout. If you haven't decided to give up smoking yet, here are some compelling reasons to quit now. Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer Not only can smoking cause a variety of cancers in both men and women, it puts women at higher risk of cervical cancer, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). A Danish study published in the April 21, 1999, issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute finds that premenopausal women who smoke are six times more likely to develop rectal cancer than those who don't.

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