1. The Cardiomyopathy Association Website The cardiomyopathy Association exists to help sufferers and medical professionals find ways to deal with a life threatening heart disease which can be http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/

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2. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Defines feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common heart disease in cats. Includes information about causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. http://members.aol.com/jchinitz/hcm/

H ypertrophic cardiomyopathy a heart disease where areas of heart muscle enlarge and thicken is the most common heart disease in cats. Although it develops and progresses over time, its early signs may be subtle or nonexistent. A cat that seems healthy may appear to become very ill very quickly, or even die suddenly. These pages will explain some basics about how the heart functions, what hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is, how it impairs the heart's ability to function, how a veterinarian diagnoses HCM, and the goal of prescribing medications to manage it. What's New The Causes page was updated. Murphy's Memorial is back ... its new link was added to the References page. A link to the ECVIM-CA diplomates listing was added to the References page.

3. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Association. This Site Has Moved to www.4hcm.org. Please wait. Lisa Salberg support@4hcm.org. http://www.kanter.com/hcm/

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association This Site Has Moved to www.4hcm.org Please wait. Lisa Salberg: support@4hcm.org

4. NHLBI, Cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy. Future Directions. Glossary. INTRODUCTION. cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle cardiomyopathy differs from many other heart disorders in a couple of ways http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/cardiomy.htm

HOME SITE INDEX CONTACT US TIPS ... Publications Facts About Cardiomyopathy Table of Contents Introduction Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ... Glossary INTRODUCTION Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. The heart loses its ability to pump blood and, in some instances, heart rhythm is disturbed, leading to irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias . Usually, the exact cause of the muscle damage is never found. Cardiomyopathy differs from many other heart disorders in a couple of ways. First, the types not related to coronary atherosclerosis are fairly uncommon. Cardiomyopathy affects about 50,000 Americans. However, the condition is a leading reason for heart transplantation. Second, unlike many other forms of heart disease that affect middle-aged and older persons, certain types of cardiomopathies can, and often do, occur in the young. The condition tends to be progressive and sometimes worsens fairly quickly. NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY As noted, there are various types of cardiomyopathy. These fall into two major categories: "ischemic" and "nonischemic" cardiomyopathy.

5. Cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy is a serious disease in which the heart muscle becomes inflamed and doesn't work as well as it should. There may be multiple causes including viral infections. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4468

6. NHLBI, Facts About Cardiomyopathy Facts About cardiomyopathy. cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. cardiomyopathy differs from many other heart disorders in a couple of ways. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/card_myo.htm

HOME SITE INDEX CONTACT US TIPS ... Publications Facts About Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. The heart loses its ability to pump blood and, in some instances, heart rhythm is disturbed, leading to irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias. Usually, the exact cause of the muscle damage is never found. Cardiomyopathy differs from many other heart disorders in a couple of ways. First, it is fairly uncommon, affecting about 50,000 Americans. However, the condition is a leading reason for heart transplantation. Second, unlike many other forms of heart disease that affect middle-age and older persons, cardiomyopathy can, and often does, occur in the young. The condition tends to be progressive and sometimes worsens fairly quickly. 8 pages. NIH Publication Number: 97-3082 You may obtain the document in the following ways: View online (in formats below) [Web (HTML) document, 25 K] [PDF document, 221 K, need Acrobat Reader to review] Information for visitors using screen readers Information about PDF Printed Copies Order online Order by telephone, fax, or mail

7. C - Cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy. cardiomyopathy is an alteration in the function of the heart muscle Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is now the more common form of this condition in cats http://www.vetinfo.com/cencyclopedia/cecardio.html

Vetinfo Canine Encyclopedia Feline Encyclopedia VetInfo Digest ... Your Turn Encyclopedia of Feline Veterinary Medical Information Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is an alteration in the function of the heart muscle. It can occur for several reasons in cats and it can take several forms. When the muscle is sufficiently affected that it can not function properly, heart failure occurs. Dilated cardiomyopathy due to taurine deficiency was common until recent years. The discovery of the relationship between taurine (an essential amino acid) deficiency and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy has nearly eliminated this condition. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is now the more common form of this condition in cats. It can occur for several reasons, including hyperthyroidism, toxins, infections and genetic influences. In this disorder, the heart muscle loses elasticity and becomes thicker, making it hard for the heart to function properly. There are many apparent variations in the course of this disease in cats. At the present time, a clear understanding of the mechanism of the disease is not understood in most cases. The symptoms of this problem are similar, despite variations in why they occur. Affected cats may exhibit difficulty breathing, rapid respiratory rate, weight loss or poor condition, loss of appetite, tire easily with exercise or show signs of weakness or paralysis of the rear legs. Despite the chronic nature of the disease itself, cats often appear to develop symptoms quite suddenly, especially difficulty breathing and rear leg weakness.

8. CARDIOMYOPATHY cardiomyopathy. cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which leads to impairment of the heart's ability to pump blood, and eventually to heart failure. It is the most common cause of heart http://www.ferretnews.org/cardiomyopathy.html

CARDIOMYOPATHY Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which leads to impairment of the heart's ability to pump blood, and eventually to heart failure. It is the most common cause of heart failure in the ferret. There are two types of cardiomyopathy, dilatative and hypertrophic, with the dilatative form being most common in ferrets. In this disease the walls of the heart become increasingly thinner and weaker until a point is reached when the heart can no longer function effectively as a pump. The cause of cardiomyopathy is unknown in ferrets, although it has recently been discovered that in cats dilatative cardiomyopathy can be prevented with the addition of an amino acid (taurine) to the diet, and in dogs lack of another amino acid (carnitine) has been shown to cause the same disease. It is possible that a similar relationship may exist in ferrets, but this has not been established yet. Symptoms of cardiomyopathy are similar regardless of whether it is the dilatative or hypertrophic form. Weakness, lethargy, and breathing difficulty are commonly seen. Coughing may be a symptom also. As the heart begins to fail, blood pressure changes lead to an accumulation of fluid in the chest, making it increasingly difficult for the ferret to breathe, and thus reducing stamina. Other blood pressure changes may lead to enlargement of the liver and spleen, and the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, so the abdomen may look distended.

9. Cardiac + Myopathy; Cardiomyopathy acute; ? Exacerbations 2° pregnancy. Cardiac cardiomyopathy Congestive heart failure in some Episodic; r/o Reyes syndrome. Myopathy. cardiomyopathy. Dilated. Ventricular hypertrophy http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/msys/cardiac.html

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info CARDIAC + MYOPATHY Amyloid Cardiomyopathies Dilated Hypertrophic Isolated Carnitine Disorders ... Drugs Dystrophies Barth Desmin Dystrophinopathies Emery-Dreifuss ... Acid Maltase (Infantile) Branching enzyme Debrancher Lamp-2 Triosephosphate isomerase ... SRP Also see: Selective disorders of cardiac muscle Carnitine Disorders Biochemistry Fatty acid oxidation pathways General principles Multiple acyl–CoA dehydrogenase deficiency Reduced Muscle carnitine uptake ... CPT II deficiency Carnitine Carnitine metabolism: General principles Carnitine Source Dietary 75% Distribution: 90% in muscle Fatty acids are transported from cytoplasm to mitochondria Conversion of fatty acids to Fatty acid-CoA Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids provides energy source Chief energy sources for: Prolonged fasting; Skeletal muscle during exercise; Cardiac muscle Types of deficiency Primary: Due to deficient transport of carnitine into cells Secondary Free carnitine acyl-carnitine esters Lost in urine Loss of carnitine results in Reduced Buffering of toxic acyl-CoA esters Inhibition of mitochondrial systems Clinical features: General Coma after a period of starvation Hypoketosis: Low serum ketone concentrations Cardiomyopathy Muscle weakness Specific enzyme defects can include LCAD MCAD Plasma-membrane carnitine transporter Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) CPT II deficiency SCAD deficiency : 2 phenotypes Carnitine deficiency: Myopathic Form l ? Autosomal Recessive

10. The Winn Feline Foundation - Report Breedspecific report on the condition with references. http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/reports/cardiomyopathy.html

A Winn Foundation Report On ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Maine Coon Cats Report on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Maine Coon Cats from the First International Feline Genetic Disease Conference held June 25-28, 1998 at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Updated with Grant Progress Report) by Susan Little, DVM, Diplomate ABVP (Feline) The two primary researchers into heritable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Maine Coon cats are Dr. Mark Kittleson of the University of California at Davis and Dr. Kathryn Meurs of The Ohio State University. Both researchers were present at the Feline Genetic Disease Conference for presentations on HCM and question and answer sessions with both veterinarians and breeders. Dr. Kittleson's presentation began with an overview of HCM in humans, where it is known to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and has an adult onset. While there are currently over 100 mutations identified in seven different genes that can be responsible for HCM in people, the clinical signs and progress of the disease are often the same. The most common genetic defect involves a mutation in a gene that codes for the structure of an integral muscle protein (the beta-myosin heavy chain) in the individual heart muscle cell. Myosin is a protein that makes up about 65% of all the protein in a muscle cell. It consists of long chains of polypeptide components that are joined to each other by side chains. Myosin is one of the proteins responsible for contraction of heart muscle.

11. Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Project Group Offers information about the project for patients, families and health professionals. Oregon Health Sciences University. http://www.fdc.to/

Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Project Group The Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Oregon Health Sciences University - we study families with cardiomyopathy and aim to find human heart failure genes and new treatments for heart failure. If you are viewing this text, your browser lacks the ability to read frames. Don't worry, you can still enjoy our site. All the pages can be viewed from contents page. Please come inside! Contents

12. Home Page The Montgomery Heart Foundation for cardiomyopathy Striving The First Task Discovering the Genetic Basis for cardiomyopathy. The http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/cardiomyopathy/

Through the funding of research projects around the country, The Montgomery Heart Foundation for Cardiomyopathy offers hope for changing the destiny of thousands of children from families afflicted by this condition. Cardiomyopathy is a term used to describe a diverse group of disorders causing primary heart muscle dysfunction in both men and women, often leading to heart failure or sudden death. Heart failure is the fastest growing cardiovascular disease in the United States with 400,000 new cases annually, costing the healthcare system an estimated $10 billion each year. It is estimated that 1 in 500 people carry the gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy is responsible for 10,000 deaths annually. Currently, there is no treatment proven to alter the course of cardiomyopathies. This site was last updated on: Contents of this site are reviewed by The Montgomery Heart Foundation for Cardiomyopathy. The information expressed in this web site should not be considered medical advice and individuals should consult their own physician. If you have any concerns about the content contained in this site, please

13. Cardiomyopathy And CHF ! A message board for people with heart conditions to be able to talk with others with the same problems. http://network54.com/Hide/Forum/31466

Cardiomyopathy and CHF Messages !! THis forum is for us all to be able to talk about or leave a message about whatever we want. Whether it's heart related or just to leave a brief message. Just take a minute and say Hi. We wold love to hear from you. Also if you have any questions I will try my best to give or get the answer for you. :) Post now! View all messages Go back Is this something to worry about? Mandi on May 3, 2004 Cardiomyopathy and Pregnancy ......Safe? Christina on May 2, 2004 cardiomyopathy and pregnancy pamela on May 3, 2004 I am so sorry............... Christina on May 4, 2004 cardiomyopathy and pregnancy pamela on May 9, 2004 Lori on May 17, 2004 Long-term care providers scott on Apr 29, 2004 you can get better matthew thomsen on Apr 28, 2004 missing a loved one Ellen Smith on May 14, 2004 RE: Missing A Loved One Sandy on May 14, 2004 Viral Cardiomyopathy Mike Hand on Apr 5, 2004 VCM Deb VanVelse on Apr 13, 2004 My mother was diagnosed with CHF Beth on Feb 14, 2004

14. Dietary Taurine Deficiency And Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Dogs, CCAH Update, Fall Scientific investigation of this relationship. http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/CCAH/Update06-2/6-2_Taurine.html

Center for Companion Animal Health, UC Davis CCAH Update, Fall 2001 Dietary Taurine Deficiency and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that results in an enlarged (dilated) heart with impaired ability to contract and pump blood. Dr. Andrea Fascetti and Dr. Robert Backus check blood sample preparations before running an assay for taurine levels. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common acquired cardiovascular diseases in dogs. In cats, a diet deficient in taurine clearly results in DCM, but in dogs, the need for dietary taurine has not been generally recognized because dogs are known to be able to synthesize taurine from the sulfur amino acids cysteine and methionine. These cases and findings in several pilot studies suggest that diet does affect taurine metabolism in dogs and may play a role in the development of DCM. Recent evidence also suggests that taurine stores and the development of DCM may be affected not only by diet, but also by a dog's size. There is a prevalence of DCM in families of dogs and specific breeds, many of which are large and giant breeds. Dr. Backus found evidence in a study of Newfoundland dogs with taurine deficiency to support the idea that taurine metabolism may be influenced by "metabolic" body size, which takes into account that the amount of energy needed by the body is correlated with total body surface area, not just body weight.

15. Cardiomiopathy Profile, structure, project information and annual journals. http://www.geocities.com/giscge

Tbilisi, 378059 3, Chachava st. National Center of Therapy Tel: (995 32) 51 50 02; Fax: (995 32) 25 21 44; E-mail: gisc@posta.ge web site design by: www.geocities.com/iberianeti

16. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Definition How a cat s heart functions, how feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) impairs its ability to function, and the consequences of that impairment. http://members.aol.com/jchinitz/hcm/definitn.htm

The Heart T he feline heart, like the human heart, is a dual pump: Blood is returned from the cat's circulatory system to the right side of the heart, which pumps it through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for oxygenation. The left side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the aorta for circulation throughout the cat's body. Each side of the heart has an upper chamber, called an atrium, and a lower, main pumping chamber, called a ventricle. The tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing backward from the right ventricle to the right atrium when the ventricle contracts. The mitral valve performs the same function on the left side of the heart. Papillary muscles in the ventricular chambers connect to these valves via stringlike fibers called chordae tendineae; these structures prevent the valves from being pushed backward into the atria when the ventricles contract. HCM H ypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart (cardio-) muscle disease (myopathy). The muscular walls of the left ventricle become abnormally thickened (hypertrophy).

17. The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program At St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center Information on HCM which is a complex cardiac disease marked by thickening of the heart muscle. (New York) http://hcmny.org/

18. HCMA - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy The Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Association is a not for profit 501(c) (3) organization formed in 1996 to provide information, support and advocacy to patients http://www.4hcm.org/

19. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy This site describes a rare heart condition affecting women called peripartum cardiomyopathy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Peripartum http://pages.ivillage.com/twins73/

'); document.writeln(' Click Here! Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare form of congestive heart failure that develops either in late pregnancy or in the first five months after delivery. It typically involves the left ventricle of the heart, which is enlarged and not pumping efficiently (aka dilated cardiomyopathy). Its incidence varies by geographic location. In Nigeria, the incidence is as high as 1 percent; estimates in other areas range from 1:15,000 to 1:1,300 live births. Most cases involve women of African descent; in the United States, most cases involve black Southern women. However, peripartum cardiomyopathy has been reported in white, Chinese, Japanese and Korean women. This site summarizes some of the research available on this disorder. Symptoms Risk Factors Diagnosis/Tests Treatment and Prognosis ... References Last Updated: 4/30/02 E-mail me at: karens7@mindspring.com FastCounter by LinkExchange Sign My Guestbook View My Guestbook Hosted by

20. HCMA What is Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the muscle of the heart is abnormal in the absence of an apparent cause. http://www.4hcm.org/overview/index.php

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)? Cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the muscle of the heart is abnormal in the absence of an apparent cause. This terminology is purely descriptive and is based on the Latin deviation. HCM is a primary and usually familial cardiac disorder with heterogeneous expression, unique pathophysiology, and a diverse clinical course, for which several disease causing mutations in the genes encoding proteins of the cardiac sacomere have been reported. While HCM has typically been recognized by its structure ie., hypertrophy, the electrical function of the heart are also adversely affected. There are three types of cardiomyopathy: "hypertrophic" "dilated" and "restrictive" . The main feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an excessive thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophy literally means to thicken). Thickening is seen in the ventricular septal measurement (normal range .08-1.2mm), and in weight. In HCM, septal measurements may be in the range of 1.3mm to 6.0+mm. Heart muscle may also thicken in normal individuals as a result of high blood pressure or prolonged athletic training. Furthermore, there is a fine line between and athletic heart and a heart with HCM. In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), the muscle thickening occurs without an obvious cause.

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