61. Entrez PubMed Blepharospasmoromandibular dystonia syndrome (brueghel s syndrome). A variant of adult-onset torsion dystonia? Marsden CD. Thirty http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstra

62. Baillement-brueghel syndrome » Revisited Stephen G. Reich and Robert L. Ruff, Cleveland, OH retour vers les peintres, http://webperso.easyconnect.fr/baillement/lettres/brueghel.html

Introduction Charcot mardi 23 oct 1888 Nouvelles conceptions en anglais ... embryologie et examen clinique Complications Que sont les tics et les tocs? Maladie de Gilles De La Tourette ... Dr Walusinski Recherche par mot du site : avec l'aide de FreeFind AMADYS l'association des malades atteints de dystonie www.blepharospasm.org Neurology 1986 vol 36 suppl1 p211 lexique Yawning Man or Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia ? Stephen G. Reich and Robert L. Ruff, Cleveland, OH retour vers les peintres What Pieter Brueghel the Elder had in mind in the mid-16th century, when he painted the face of a man showing the eyes tightly closed and the mouth widely open, may never be known. Historians of art contend that this painting depicts a huge yawn and have titled this work Yawning Man or De Gaper . Neurologists have offered alternative ideas; Marsden credited R.E. Kelly for noting the similarity of this painting to the syndrome of blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia and suggested the eponym Brueghel's syndrome " (Marsden CD, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976;39:1204-9). Although Brueghel's works of art reveal that he had a fascination with human physiognomy, both normal and pathologic, Marsden's claim that Brueghel "clearly recognized the syndrome" may be an overinterpretation of this unsigned, undated, and untitled painting. Henry Meige Pieter Brueghel the Elder

63. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent Jawopening dystonia (brueghel s syndrome) associated with cavum septi pellucidi and Verga s ventricle - a case report. This patient had brueghel s syndrome. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00668.x/abs/

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64. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent muscles. 1 Marsden coined the term `brueghel s syndrome as an eponym for blepharospasm or oromandibular dystonia of adult onset. 2 http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00408.x/full

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65. European Journal Of Neurology Abstract Volume 10 Issue 6. Jawopening dystonia (brueghel s syndrome) associated with cavum septi pellucidi and Verga s ventricle – a case report. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/abstract.asp?ref=1351-5101&vid=10&iid=6&aid=1

66. European Journal Of Neurology Issue SHORT COMMUNICATION. 727729 Jaw-opening dystonia (brueghel s syndrome) associated with cavum septi pellucidi and Verga s ventricle – a case report. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/issue.asp?ref=1351-5101&vid=10&iid=6&oc=&s=&s

67. Dystonias OrofacialBuccal Dystonia (aka Meige s or brueghel s syndrome) This is a combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia Spasmodic Dysphonia (or SD http://www.superiornet.net/health/neuro/movement/dystonias/

Dystonia Dystonia Overview: Dystonia is not a new disease. For example, the 15th century Flemish painter, Pieter Brueghel portrayed persons afflicted with one form of dystonia, blepharospasm (eyelid spasms). There is no known cause of dystonia, nor is there a definitive test for it. Although dystonia has no cure, there are successful treatments which greatly reduce the symptoms and restore patients to many daily living activities. Treatments include drug therapy, botulinum toxin injections and several types of surgery. In primary dystonia, there is no alteration of consciousness, sensation or intellectual function. Classification: There are a number of ways of classifying the different types of dystonia. The two most common classifications are: Primary or idiopathic (no known organic lesion) vs secondary (generally arises from some insult to the basal ganglia of the central nervous system such as: trauma, toxins, drugs, neoplasm, infarction, other organic causes) Classification based on the body region involved (see following) Generalized Dystonia or Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia Onset age: typically children (especially in early teen years) Symptoms: abnormal foot inversion, awkward gait, contractions of many different muscle groups; may involve one or more limbs of the proximal or distal muscle groups

68. Dorlands Medical Dictionary brueghel s syndrome (Brue·ghel s syndrome) (broi¢gschwalz) Pieter brueghel the Elder, Flemish painter, 1525–1569, whose painting De Gaper shows a person http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszS

69. Blepharospasm, Botox, On Eye Plastics : Overview Page - Allergan Meige syndrome spasm in the eyelids and midface; brueghel s syndrome spasms in eyelids associated with marked spasms in the lower face and neck; http://www.oculoplastics.com/topics/botox/blepharospasm.htm

document.write(''+''); Alcon Allergan FCI-Ophthalmics IOP INC ... Stryker Leibinger document.write(''+''); Back to top Mark Scott Brown, M. D 702.973.7564 (fax) mark@eyeplastics.com (email) We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation The HIPAA Policy is available at any MD's Office Back to top Back to top Back to top Back to top ... References Overview Definitions Incidence Differential diagnosis Treatments ... Bottom of Page Blepharopspasm was first described in the 16th century by the painting by Pieter Brueghel entitled "De Gaper." During the 16th century, patients were institutionalized in insane asylums Little progress was made in understanding and treating blepharospasm until the mid-1900's. In 1907, Meige described a similar patient with dystonia which is now termed Meige syndrome. In 1956, Henderson wrote a classic article on Blepharopspasm describing the disability and treatments. can occur with specific precipitating stressors, such as bright lights, fatigue, and emotional tension; as the course continues, it occurs more frequently during the day and it may intensify so that when the spasms occur the eyelids may remain forcefully closed for short periods of time. Of note, the spasms disappear sleep and often by concentrating on a specific task. Possible origins include: basal ganglia, psychosomatic

70. 2006-LIST-01.htm (LIST-01 ARCHETYPES - OPHTHALMOLOGISTS) 0112, brueghel, Pieter, 15251569, brueghel s syndrome, Pieter brueghel the Elder, the Flemish painter whose painting De Gaper painted a gasping person. http://www.iris-ward.com/_HTM/MEIS/_MORE/2006-LIST-01.htm

Page Bottom LEVEL 03 Unicode Page (UTF-8) YOUR LOGIN COMMENT THIS PAGE COMMUNITY CHAT ... SITE-MAP IRIS-WARD.COM INC THIS PAGE WAS LAST UPDATED ON: CET home A B C ... Page Top NAME LIFE MAIN EPONYM Abadie Jean Marie Charles sign Spasms in m. levator palpebrae superioris with retraction of the upper lid (so that sclera is visible above cornea; Dalrymple’s symptom Abadie Joseph Louis Ir©n©e Jean symptom Hard pressure on the Achilles tendon will not produce pain, because the deep sense of pain has been abolished. Same for arm is Adie William John syndrome O ne or both pupils is dilated and responds slowly or not at all to light and a near stimulus, accompanied by slow constriction and relaxation in the change from near to distant vision, and impaired accommodation Amsler Marc Amsler grid Chart used to detect or document macular diseases Argyll-Robertson Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb syndrome P upil is small and responds slowly or not at all to light, but reaction to accommodation and convergence is retained. von Arlt Carl Ferdinand Ritter C ontagious infection of the eyes, characterized by keratoconjunctivitis with pannus, papillary hypertrophy, follicles, and scarring, often leading to blindness

71. Early-Onset Primary Dystonia (DYT1) shut). (Note Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia occurring together are called Meige s or brueghel s syndrome.). Writer s cramp http://www.dystonia-support.org/LA-Early-Onset Primary Dystonia (DYT1).htm

Early-Onset Primary Dystonia (DYT1) (Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Torsion Dystonia 1, Dominant; Childhood-Onset Dystonia; Limb-Onset Dystonia) Authors: Deborah de Leon, MS; Susan B Bressman, MD Last update 30 March 1999 Funded by the NIH - Developed at the University of Washington, Seattle Thanks to Deborah de Leon and Dr. Susan B. Bressman, for contributing this article to be featured on this website. SUMMARY Disease Characteristics: Early-onset primary dystonia (DYTI) typically presents before age 21 years with involuntary sustained muscle contractions that cause posturing of a foot, leg, or arm. The contractions frequently, but not invariably, generalize to other body regions. No other neurological abnormalities a re present, except for postural arm tremor. Disease severity varies considerably within the same family, and isolated writer's cramp may be the only sign. Diagnosis/Testing: DYT1 is, the most common cause of early-onset primary dystonia and is, diagnosed by a DNA-based test showing a 3 base pair GAG deletion in the torsin A gene (chromosomal locus 9q34). Genetic Counseling: DYT1 is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Offspring of an affected individual or an asymptomatic gene carrier have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease-causing mutation, but only a 30-40% chance of developing clinical findings. Prenatal testing is available.

72. NSF Report - Benefits Of Face And Computer Research a decreased eye blink rate; but subcortical lesions may also lead to increased facial activity, as in Meige s disease or brueghel s syndrome, thought to result http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/nsfrept/benefits.html

NSF Report - Facial Expression Understanding Title/Contents Exec Summary Overview Computer Vision ... Recommendations Benefits References VI. BENEFITS Beatrice Golomb and Terrence J. Sejnowski The potential benefits from efforts to understand the face using the technologies discussed in this report are varied and numerous. The preceeding sections have separately enumerated many benefits. This section summarizes these benefits and indicates additional areas where benefits could accrue that were not emphasized previously. Commercial Applications Finally, the specialized market for scientific instrumentation should not be overlooked. Packaged tools that analyze or synthesize facial information could be a profitable enterprise for researchers in fields that are discussed below. Computer Sciences The problem of understanding the face will enhance the computer sciences and technologies brought to bear on these issues. As the report from the Sensing and Processing Workgroup points out (page 43), the face has some ideal qualities for development of computer vision systems. The application of neural networks and innovative approaches to digital image processing is sure to be applied to other problems, such as analysis of planetary photos and particle decay images. The Modeling and Database Workgroup emphasized the need for a database of the face. There are parallels between the need to collect and maintain image databases for the analysis of facial expressions and the need to develop a database of utterances for speech recognition. The TIMIT database, a joint effort of Texas Instruments and MIT, provided the speech community with a research standard for speech records and a means for objectively comparing speech recognition systems. The proposed database of facial expressions could provide similar benefits for the vision community. As the Database Workgroup indicates, there are many challenges that the creation of such a huge multimedia database would bring to the investigators developing scientific databases.

73. LE SYNDROME DE MEIGE syndrome de brueghel du nom du peintre flamand qui est semble-t-il le premier à avoir décrit l affection, sur un tableau. Etiologie. http://maladiesrares.free.fr/syndrome_meige.htm

Syndrome de Meige AIDYSTON 16, rue Renaise 53000 - LAVAL Tél : Aidyston@wanadoo.fr LE SYNDROME DE MEIGE Pr. J.P. ADENIS Le syndrome de MEIGE est caractérisé par la présence de spasmes au niveau du muscle orbiculaire (blépharospasme) et au niveau de la partie basse de la face et des muscles du cou et de la mandibule. Il s'appelle aussi syndrome de BRUEGHEL du nom du peintre flamand qui est semble-t-il le premier à avoir décrit l'affection, sur un tableau. Etiologie 1) Dans la majorité des cas, l'étiologie de ce syndrome reste inconnue. Il s'agit là du syndrome de MEIGE primaire. 2) Il peut être secondaire à des affections intra-crâniennes d'étiologie connue. 3) Une prédisposition génétique existe dans certains cas de maladies familiales. 4) Certaines maladies immunologiques telle que la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, la myasthénie grave ou le syndrome de de Sjögren, ainsi que certaines anomalies thyroïdiennes peuvent prédisposer à la survenue de ce syndrome. Historique Le neurologiste français Henri MEIGE a décrit ce syndrome en détail en 1910, dans sa forme idiopathique sous le nom de spasme facial médian.

74. Ingenta: Table Of Contents -- European Journal Of Neurology, November 2003, Volu Jawopening dystonia (brueghel s syndrome) associated with cavum septi pellucidi and Verga s ventricle – a case report Miyaoka T.; Miura S.; Seno H.; Inagaki http://www.ingenta.com/isis/browsing/TOC/ingenta?issue=pubinfobike://bsc/ene/200

75. The Sense Of Hearing By BRUEGHEL, Jan The Elder In Jan brueghel s paintings, the part of purely passive reception or physical consumption goods and an emotional state of ecstasy are recognized as a syndrome. http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/b/bruegel/jan_e/2/5sense1.html

BRUEGHEL, Jan the Elder (b. ca. 1568, Bruxelles, d. 1625, Antwerpen) The Sense of Hearing Oil on panel, 65 x 107 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid This piece, a characteristic product of the Rubens workshop, is one of the paintings in the series depicting the five senses. The allegorical content of these works was always obvious, and the pieces of the series did not become separated. The still-life details enumerating many traditional symbols were painted by Jan Brueghel. The amazing increase in the commercial and agricultural product range caused a complete restructuring of people's perception - a change which can be seen very clearly in the numerous paintings and series of paintings on the subject of the Five Senses. Jan Brueghel the Elder's famous variations on this motif - now in the Prado, Madrid - show a number of settings, each of which is associated with the five senses. The dramatic 'unity of character' has been divided into components of the senses, thus reflecting an increasing compartmentalization of the world into functional spheres - a world which is defined in terms of luxury goods. In Jan Brueghel's paintings, the part of purely passive reception or physical consumption is played by an allegorical female figure. Interestingly, by depicting her naked or semi-naked breasts and sometimes her entire body, the painter emphasizes an element of eroticism. In this way the consumption of luxury goods and an emotional state of ecstasy are recognized as a syndrome.

76. The Stendhal Syndrome @ Hollywood.com. The Stendhal Syndrome Synopsis, The Stend The Stendhal syndrome (1999) Synopsis An undercover policewoman, Anna Manni, visits Soon thereafter, transfixed before brueghel s The Flight of Icarus, she http://www.hollywood.com/movies/detail/movie/184230

New on DVD: June 1 News, June 1: Julia Roberts Expecting Twins, Kwame Jackson Fired ... Again, "Fahrenheit" May Heat Up Summer Movies, More Box Office Analysis, May 31: "Shrek 2" Outlives "Tomorrow" News, May 28: Moore Has Unused Footage of Beheaded American, Radcliffe Predicts Harry Potter's Death, "Idol" Finale Ratings Down, More ... DSL The Stendhal Syndrome (1999) Synopsis: An undercover policewoman, Anna Manni, visits Florence's Uffizi Gallery and becomes disoriented by the disturbing beauty of the masterpieces on display. Soon thereafter, transfixed before Brueghel's "The Flight of Icarus," she faints and plunges into the painting's ocean. A handsome stranger helps her to her feet... But, in reality, this seemingly kind stranger is a serial rapist and murderer, the very one which she has been sent to apprehend. Once she recovers from her extreme amnesiatic reaction to the artworkidentified by a psychiatrist as "Stendhal Syndrome"she discovers, all too late, that she has made herself vulnerable to the enemy. Movie details continue below Statistics Genre(s): Adaptation Thriller Rating: Not available Runtime: 119 mins.

77. : The AMEDEO Literature Guide S, Seno H, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J Jawopening dystonia (brueghel’s syndrome) associated with cavum septi pellucidi and Verga’s ventricle - a case report. http://www.amedeo.com/medicine/dim/eurjneur.htm

Home HIV Medicine FAQ Unsubscribe ... GoldenLinks4Doctors.com The Best Medical Websites Diagnostic Imaging Free Subscription Articles published in Eur J Neurol Retrieve available abstracts of 40 articles: HTML format Single Articles May 2004 BEEKMAN R , Visser LH High-resolution sonography of the peripheral nervous system - a review of the literature. Eur J Neurol 2004;11:305-14. PubMed Related articles Abstract available March 2004 MARTINEZ-BISBAL MC , Arana E, Marti-Bonmati L, Molla E, et al Cognitive impairment: classification by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur J Neurol 2004;11:187-93. PubMed Related articles Abstract available DUZEL E , Kaufmann J, Guderian S, Szentkuti A, et al Measures of hippocampal volumes, diffusion and 1H MRS metabolic abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy provide partially complementary information. Eur J Neurol 2004;11:195-205. PubMed Related articles Abstract available February 2004 WLODEK A, Sarzynska-Dlugosz I, Sandercock PA, Czlonkowska A Agreement between the clinical Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification and CT findings in Poland. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 91-96.

78. ADDER - List Of Dystonia Defintions Meige’s Disease. Combination of Blepharospasm and Oromandibular Dystonias. brueghel’s syndrome. Combination of Blepharospasm and Oromandibular Dystonias. http://www.dystonia.co.uk/listofdefintions.htm

Action for Dystonia, A .D.D.E.R Patron: Sir Tom Cowie Supported by: Denise Robertson Dr Miriam Stoppard Charity Registration No: 1077578 Definitions of Dystonia Introduction This paper has been published by A.D.D.E.R. to assist people who want to know what Dystonia is. It describes how the disease can affect people and how treatment may be provided. The information is based on the Epidemiological Survey of Dystonia (ESD), which arose from research carried out in North East England between 1993 and 1999. The database continues to be maintained and currently, there are over 1,600 people registered in the ESD. Definition Dystonia has been defined as a, previously little known, neurological disease of the body’s central nervous system and consists of a group of related movement disorders, characterised by involuntary and often painful, prolonged spasms of muscle contractions. It has also been classically defined as "a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements, or abnormal postures." It can affect a single part of the body, or the whole body, or any mid-way position between these two extremes. Despite this neurological disorder being named by Oppenheim in 1911, relatively little research had been undertaken until recently. The ESD was the first comprehensive and lengthy study of the disease, undertaken within a specified population, anywhere in the world.

79. My Documents\Web Page\dystonia 4.3.4 OrofacialBuccal Dystonia (aka Meige s or brueghel s syndrome). This is a combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia http://www.civil.ubc.ca/home/margaret/dystonia/dystonia.htm

INTERNET RESEARCH ON DYSTONIA Describes what the Dystonia disorder is; the various types of Dystonia; available treatment methods; and provides information for further research. An article on the discovery of the gene responsible for early-onset Dystonia is included. Prepared with hope by Margaret Wojtarowicz Dystonia Patient 2985 West 14th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. Canada Tel. (604) 734 - 1996 Fax. (604) 822 - 6901 e-mail: margaret@civil.ubc.ca web site: http://www.civil.ubc.ca/home/margaret September 1998 INDEX WHAT IS DYSTONIA? CAUSES OF DYSTONIA PROGRESSION OF DYSTONIA TYPES OF DYSTONIA ... Primary or Idiopathic Dystonia 4.1.1 Inherited Dystonias Secondary or Symptomatic Dystonia Focal Dystonias 4.3.1 Blepharospasm 4.3.2 Spasmodic Torticollis (or Cervical Dystonia) 4.3.3 Oromandibular Dystonia 4.3.4 Orofacial-Buccal Dystonia (a.k.a. Meige's or Brueghel's Syndrome) 4.3.5 Spasmodic Dysphonia (or Laryngeal Dystonia) 4.3.6 Writer’s Cramp THE TREATMENT OF DYSTONIA TYPES OF FOCAL DYSTONIA FURTHER DEFINED Blepharospasm 6.1.1 What is Blepharospasm? 6.1.2 How Does Blepharospasm Begin?

80. Information On Dystonia OrofacialBuccal Dystonia (aka Meige s or brueghel s syndrome), This is a combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Spasmodic Dysphonia (or SD), http://www.dystonia-newyork.org/information.htm

Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Greater New York Chapter Dystonia is not a new disease. For example, the 15th century Flemish painter, Pieter Brueghel portrayed persons afflicted with one form of dystonia, blepharospasm (eyelid spasms). There is no known cause of dystonia, nor is there a definitive test for it. Although dystonia has no cure, there are successful treatments which greatly reduce the symptoms and restore patients to many daily living activities. Treatments include drug therapy botulinum toxin injections and several types of surgery In primary dystonia, there is no alteration of consciousness, sensation or intellectual function Classification There are a number of ways of classifying the different types of dystonia. The two most common classifications are: Primary or idiopathic (no known organic lesion) vs secondary (generally arises from some insult to the basal ganglia of the central nervous system such as: trauma, toxins, drugs, neoplasm, infarction, other organic causes) Classification based on the body region involved (see following) Generalized Dystonia or Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia Onset age: typically children (especially in early teen years) Symptoms: abnormal foot inversion, awkward gait, contractions of many different muscle groups; may involve one or more limbs of the proximal or distal muscle groups

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