61. Mad Cow Disease Or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Europe - Travel Med Health Canada is aware of travellers concerns about recent reports of domesticanimal cases of mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/tmp-pmv/2001/bse_e.html

Travel Health Advisory Mad Cow Disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe Health Canada is aware of travellers' concerns about recent reports of domestic animal cases of mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe. BSE is a fatal degenerative illness that affects the central nervous system of cattle. It is part of a family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs, whose different forms affect different species of animals. All TSEs are believed to be linked to an abnormal form of a protein known as a prion. A build-up of this abnormal protein leads to a sponge-like appearance of the affected brain, causing neurological illness and eventual death. Diagnosis of BSE, not possible in live animals, can only be done by examining an animal's brain after death. A human form of TSE was first diagnosed in the 1920s and was named Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD) after the two German scientists who described the illness. Classical CJD (cCJD) occurs naturally in the population at a rate of approximately one person per million individuals per year, making it extremely rare. On average, 30 Canadians will be diagnosed with cCJD each year, with an average age of 60 years. There is no known cure for the disease. In the early 1990s, British researchers noted a new illness having many of the classical CJD symptoms, but with several unique characteristics. Most notably, the emerging illness affected people in their late 20s. In 1996, researchers confirmed a new variant of CJD, now called vCJD. The cause of vCJD appears to be the consumption of beef and beef products from cattle infected with BSE. Following this discovery, strict measures were put in place in the UK and elsewhere to control the spread of BSE among cattle and to minimize the risk to human and animal health.

62. Health Canada - Diseases - Mad Cow Disease Trace Back; Trace Forward. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)Fact Sheet; Frequently Asked Questions and Answers (22 May 2003); http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/diseases/bse/

CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) Province of Alberta's Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Mad Cow Disease (BSE) Statement by The Honourable Bob Speller Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food and Minister Responsible for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency regarding imports of U.S. beef Statement by The Honourable Bob Speller Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food and Minister Responsible for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Statement by The Honourable Bob Speller Minister Responsible for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Health Canada Information on Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) - human form of Mad Cow disease Fact Sheets First Canadian Case of Variant CJD Frequently Asked Questions about Variant CJD Health Canada's Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Surveillance System Variant CJD ... Blood Safety and Variant CJD Other Links CJD Surveillance System Infection Control Guidelines: Classic CJD in Canada Government of Canada Actions on Specified Risk Material Federal Regulations Amended to Enhance BSE Controls by Preventing Specified Risk Material (SRM) From Entering Food Supply Statement by the Honourable Anne McLellan, Minister of Health

63. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) This section contains information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE), commonly known as Mad Cow disease. Department of Agriculture http://www.affa.gov.au/content/output.cfm?ObjectID=89CBAD6E-27E0-4962-9C5BB5D3A4

64. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakob disease (CJD). http://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/cshsd/bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy.htm

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease By Stuart Neilson, PhD, director of medical information systems at the Centre for the Study of Health (CSHSD) , Brunel University (click on my name to send me mail, but please include a descriptive Subject: line in the message). The latest version of this document can be found at http://http2.brunel.ac.uk:8080/~hssrsdn/bse/article.htm Follow these links to return to the index , for a list of references to this article , a bibliography of BSE research and other TSE research. Note: Full abstracts of many of the papers cited here are available from the browsable CABI BSE database. A comma-delimited-list file is also available in compressed form. Abstracts are a good starting point, but reading the original article is well advised. How did it arise? 1.1 The mainstream hypothesis What is not doubted is that infection by scrapie did not cause the epidemic, which was caused by the recycling of cattle protein back to cattle. Although scrapie can be transmitted to cattle [Gibbs et al, 1991] it has proved far less infectious than BSE-infected cattle brain. The potential for human risk has also been present throughout the epidemic [Patterson and Dealler, 1995]. 1.2 The environmental hypotheses

65. BSE Page of the Use of Certain Stunning Devices Used to Immobilize Cattle During Slaughter(.pdf) bovine spongiform encephalopathy Surveillance Program (.pdf) FAQ http://www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/BSE/bse.html

The purpose of this page is to provide sources of information on the effects of BSE on trade. Provided are links to main BSE pages for various government and organization sites , as well as links to related documents such as special reports, regulations, and announcements. This page will be updated as information becomes available. Canada (updated) European Union United States (updated) Reports/Guidelines/Directives U.S. Government Reports/Press Releases Date U.S. BSE Technical Working Group: Press Statement by Dr. Peter Fernandez, Chairman United States and Japan to Hold First BSE Technical Working Group Meeting USDA Certifies Five New Laboratories for BSE Sample Analysis (APHIS Press Release) Transcript: Under Secretary Penn's Press Briefing on U.S./Japan BSE Discussions The Third Japan-U.S. Consultation on the BSE Issue (Joint U.S./Japan Press release; translated from the Japanese) Mexico Expands Market Access to U.S. Beef Exports

66. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy B115 bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Nature of the disease. Bovinespongiform encephalopathy (BSE) - Mad Cow disease - is a transmissible http://www.spc.int/rahs/Manual/BOVINE/BSEE.HTM

B115 - BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Nature of the disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) - Mad Cow disease - is a transmissible, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease of cattle caused by an unconventional transmissible agent closely similar to that causing scrapie of sheep and goats. It was first described in Britain in 1986. The causative agent belongs to an incompletely characterized group called prion to denote an infectious protein, because a partially protease resistant isoform of a normal host protein, PrP, is the only detectable macromolecule associated with infectivity. These agents are responsible of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in man. The Nobel price Stanley Prusiner demonstrated the link between the BSE prion and the new variant form of Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) that occurs in BSE infected countries. Classification OIE List B disease Susceptible species The natural hosts are cattle. Some cases have also occurred in antelopes and feline (cats, tiger, puma, ocelot). A range of other species including mice, pigs, and sheep has been infected experimentally.

67. MSN Encarta - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Sign in above. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). I. Introduction. , NOVA OnlineThe Brain Eater. , BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 4 items. Sidebars. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761582434/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_(

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) I. Introduction Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) , degenerative brain disease of cattle linked to a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a fatal... II. Origins of BSE III. Preventive Measures in Britain IV. BSE and Human Disease V. Further Preventive Measures VI. BSE in the United States and Canada VII. Questions Regarding the Safety of the Food Supply Related Items The Prion Diseases link to human disease 15 items Selected Web Links NOVA Online: The Brain Eater BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 4 items Sidebars SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES The Prion Diseases 2 items Want more Encarta?

68. BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy http://www.itass.dk/bse.htm

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69. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSEor more commonly mad cow disease) is a fatal, neurodegenerative http://www.fact-index.com/b/bo/bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy_1.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE or more commonly mad cow disease ) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle , which is transmissible to humans. Misshaped prion proteins cause the degeneration and spread the disease between individuals. Very rarely BSE may arise spontaneously, but more often it spreads in epidemic fashion. Spontaneous disease arises in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele , which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape . Transmission of BSE occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. Practices recently banned in many countries allowed this to occur. Epidemics in cattle are believed to have originated in sheep , in which the related prion disease scrapie is common. The tissues that contain most of the pathogenic molecules are those of the brain and the nervous system , although contagious amounts appear sometimes to be present in the blood. In the brain, these proteins form plaques, which lead to the appearance of holes in the brain, degeneration of mental abilities and death. Following an epidemic of BSE in Britain, 152 people (as of 2003) acquired and died of a more or less identical disease. For many of them, direct evidence exists that they had consumed tainted beef, and so this is assumed to be how all the individuals contracted it. Disease incidence also appears to correlate with slaughtering practices that led to the contamination of hamburger and other beef with nervous system tissue. The human disease was designated

70. Agriculture, Fisheries, Aquaculture And Forestry: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopat bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Table of Contents. 04/23/04 CANADIAN AMENDMENTS PERMIT BROADER US MEAT IMPORTS; 04/07/04 http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=79857&lang=E

71. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE), or mad cow disease , is one of these newly emerging diseases. http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/food-safety/bse/

Search Advanced Search Site map What's new Contact You are here : Consumers Food safety topics Food safety concerns and enquiries Industry ... Help Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) New Zealand has never had a case of BSE and is BSE free. BSE is one of a group of brain wasting diseases (known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or TSEs) that occurs in adult cattle. It was first identified in Britain in 1986. New Zealand’s TSE Preventive/Surveillance Programme Media Release : BSE in the US has no food safety impact in New Zealand or threat to our animal health status - 24 December 2003 Media Release : New Zealand BSE free - 15 August 2003 Media Release : New Zealand remains BSE free - 7 August 2003 Media Release : New Zealand authorities strengthen protection for human and animal health - 21 May 2003 Frequently Asked Questions about Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) : Ministry of Health BSE Information site Understanding the BSE threat (adapted from the , October 2002) Introduction New diseases continue to emerge in animals and people. In the last decades of the 20

72. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Mad Cow Disease Information Page bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease . Key informationabout BSE. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in North America. http://ianrhome.unl.edu/inthenews/bse.shtml

IANR Home IANR News Home Headlines World Ag News ... Canadian Food Inspection Agency NU Resources IANR News Releases Cattle Prices Same as This Time Last Year Despite BSE Scare - 1/7/04 'Market Journal' 1/10/04 - BSE Impacts 'Ag Almanac' 1/12/04 - BSE and Food Safety with Dennis Burson, NU meat safety specialist 'Ag Almanac' 1/10/04 - Mad Cow Disease impacts with Darrell Mark, NU marketing specialist ... 'Market Journal' 5/23/03 - "Mad Cow" Impacts/County of Origin Labeling Hearings IANR Publications Information about BSE for Nebraska Residents Guarding Against Contagious Livestock Diseases from Farm Visitors Banned Mammalian Protein - What Does it Mean? Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States ... Understanding How USDA-FSIS Determines the Age of Cattle for Current BSE Regulations Other IANR Resources NU Cooperative Extension Veterinary Science BSE information NU Beef Web page: The Cow/Calf Producer's Role in Assuring Safety from BSE More Topics Drought resources and information West Nile Virus in Nebraska Confronting the possibilities of agroterrorism: resources Foot-and-mouth disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or

73. PhRMA Scientific And Regulatory Affairs More News at Genomics Today. More News. . bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE), Prions, and Disease. TOP. BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy. http://srpub.phrma.org/bse.html

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America PhRMA Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Last Update 23 Jun 2003 Publications FDA Responses Position papers Press Releases Surveys ... Reports Issues Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Biosafety Emerging Disease ICH - International Conference on Harmonisation ... Vaccines Resources Meeting Calendars Legislation Directories Advisory Bodies Search Tools Medline News From Genomics Today Emerging Disease News Vaccine News ... BSE/Mad Cow News Current Genomics News Protesters swarm Calif. biotech meeting , AP GM rebel taken to jail , The Guardian Gene 'switches off ovarian cancer' , BBC Gene therapy to get go-ahead from Reid , The Guardian Cow Gives Birth to First Clone Created in Africa , Animal News Center Blueprint Initiative Receives $21.3M in Funding for Public Biomolecular Interaction Database , GenomeWeb Earlier News Gene tells time for bed , Nature Long-Lived C. elegans daf-2 Mutants Are Resistant to Bacterial Pathogens , Science New Institute Aims to Put the Genome in the Doctor's Bag , Science Crib Death Exoneration Could Usher In New Gene Tests , Science Key regulatory enzyme is a molecular 'octopus' , Duke University Guidelines on SARS should be refined , BMJ-British Medical Journal Banned "designer baby" is born in UK , New Scientist Researchers find new way to trigger self-destruction of certain cancer cells , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

74. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).Written and published on the Web by the United States Department http://agrifor.ac.uk/browse/cabi/2122455b9470c75af1d503ff14a55d33.html

low graphics bovine spongiform encephalopathy broader: cattle diseases prion diseases BSE Inquiry The BSE inquiry was set up by the UK government in 1997. The Inquiry aims "to establish and review the history of the emergence and identification of BSE and the new variant CJD in the United Kingdom, and of the action taken in response to it up to the 20th March 1996." The site provides access to the full-text report, it's findings and conclusions, and all the transcripts, witness statements, recently issued documents and revised factual accounts offered as evidence. Many of the documents are available in html, word and PDF format. public health government bovine spongiform encephalopathy UK ... Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Written and published on the Web by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), this site provides information on BSE and other Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE's). Information is provided on a variety of BSE and TSE related topics, including fact sheets on BSE, TME, scrapie, and chronic wasting disease (CWD). Some of these documents are in PDF, requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader. The site also provides news, BSE surveillance, and details of recent initiatives. scrapie prion diseases cattle diseases bovine spongiform encephalopathy ... Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Published on the Web by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), this report was written in 1993 by Richard H. Kimberlin of the Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service (SARAD), Edinburgh. This report provides an introduction to BSE, and outlines its geographical distribution, economic implications, aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention, and control and eradication. A list of references is provided, and the report is in HTML format.

75. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - An Unknown Quantity? Gareth Craig. gcraig@iol.ie. bovine spongiform encephalopathy. AnUnknown Quantity? For The Cocker Prize in Biology. by Gareth Craig. http://www.iol.ie/~craigie/BSE/BSE_home.htm

This webpage is designed and maintained by Gareth Craig gcraig@iol.ie Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy An Unknown Quantity? For The Cocker Prize in Biology by Gareth Craig Next Page Contents http://bse.garethcraig.com

76. British Medical Journal: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And Variant Creutzfeld You are Here Articles British Medical Journal April 7, 2001 Article.bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0999/7290_322/74089375/p1/article.jhtml?term=c

77. Ific.org : Questions And Answers About Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) IFIC.org Publications Q A Questions and Answers About Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy (BSE). What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)? http://www.ific.org/publications/qa/bseqa.cfm

Journalists Health/Nutrition/Agricultural Professionals Government Officials Educators ... About the List Pregnant women need 300 calories more per day. Learn More... Search Options Site Map IFIC.org ... Publications Questions and Answers About Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Questions and Answers about Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) March 2004 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), or "Mad Cow Disease," continues to be in the news worldwide. Surveillance programs are in place to assure consumers that American beef and other food products derived from cattle are safe. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced on December 23, 2003, that the first suspected case of BSE in the United States had been found in a dairy cow in Washington State. The case was confirmed as part of the full investigation that is currently underway. The United States has conducted an aggressive BSE surveillance, detection and response program since 1990 and this is the first case identified. In December 2003, the USDA strengthened the current protection system. These enhancements include the removal of certain animals from the food chain; additional meat processing controls; testing standards requiring negative BSE confirmation before release of products into the food supply; and improved slaughter techniques. These policies will further strengthen protection against BSE. What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)?

78. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)or Mad Cow Disease-Links To Info Science R h1 bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE)or Mad Cow Disease Linksto Information. Library of Congress Science Reference Section http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/madcow.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Selected Internet Resources Find in Science Reference Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease - Links to Information Science Reference Section Science, Technology, and Business Division Library of Congress UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS NON-PROFIT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS): BSE http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html APHIS provides information about the current BSE situation, general information, and trade initiatives. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): BSE http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/bse.html The FDA provides background information, recent actions, and consumer information related to BSE. Food Safety and Inspection Services (FSIS) http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/bse.htm

79. Mass-diseases Of Bovine Spongiform Massdiseases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) are caused byartificial spreading of retroviral particles bred in Campylobacter microbes. http://members.aol.com/GeislerW/bse/bse.htm

Author: Dr. med. Wolff Geisler E-Mail: GeislerW@aol.com Mass-diseases of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) are caused by artificial spreading of retroviral particles bred in Campylobacter microbes Contents Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) was not introduced by food prepared out of sheep Symptoms in cows with BSE Mass diseases affecting brain and immunosystem like BSE in other animals and in other areas Cows in Great Britain Cows in USA, Canada Cows in Germany Sheep in Scotland, Germany, Australia, and USA ... Examples of artificially transmitted Spongiforme Encephalopathies Scrapie of sheep Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease/Kuru of human beings BSE-agents cause also Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Gulf War Syndrome Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Downer Cow Syndrome, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Scrapie, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and AIDS are caused by exogenous and endogenous parts of retroviruses Retroviruses cause Spongiform Encephalopathies Structures, indicative for retroviral infection, existing in all Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease connected with retroviral particles Scrapie connected with retrovirus HIV ... Campylobacter and Mycobacterium microbes transmit retroviruses HIV, HTLV-1, HTLV-2 Nature and transmission of Campylobacter Suddenly in the stomach of humans Distribution on the British island Northern Ireland spared by Campylobacter and BSE ... Outbreaks, occurences of Campylobacter

80. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Center for Veterinary Medicine bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Published on the Web as part http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/2122455b9470c75af1d503ff14a55d33.html

low graphics bovine spongiform encephalopathy broader: cattle diseases prion diseases spongiform encephalopathy other: nervous system diseases DEFRA BSE information public health prion diseases ... Center for Veterinary Medicine : Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Published on the Web as part of the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine Web site, the BSE pages provide access to a collection of US government documents relating to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Documents available include BSE updates, guidance documents, federal register notices, public flora-related information and related miscellaneous publications. Many of these documents are in PDF, which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. This is a useful site for those interested in the United States' regulation of BSE. prion diseases feeding standards bovine spongiform encephalopathy USA ... BSE Inquiry The BSE Inquiry was established in January 1998, and it aimed to "review the history of the emergence and identification of BSE and new variant CJD in the United Kingdom, and of the action taken in response to it up to 20 March 1996." This site provides full-text access to the final report of the Inquiry and all the supporting evidence. outbreaks government bovine spongiform encephalopathy UK ... Bovine spongiform encephalopathy : BSE Written and published on the Web by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), this site provides information on BSE and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE's), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Information is provided on a variety of BSE and TSE related topics, including BSE in the UK, BSE in the USA, Clinical Signs of BSE, Diagnosis of BSE, Scrapie, and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk. Some of these documents are in PDF, which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. A bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) response plan summary prepared by APHIS and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is available in PDF.

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