21. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, CDC Q A BSE and CJD. BSE and CJD. CJD Infection Control Practices. This page, "Questions and Answers Regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and. CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD)", is no longer posted. Please the bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease homepage at http http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/qa96bse.htm

Site Contents BSE and CJD CJD: Infection Control Practices BSE and CJD Home This page, "Questions and Answers Regarding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", is no longer posted. Please the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease homepage at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/cjd.htm instead, and update your bookmarks, favorites, or links. Top of page BSE and CJD Home Contact Us CDC Home ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed May 21, 2003 All information presented in these pages and all items available for download are for public use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases US Department of Health and Human Services

22. WHO: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Location WHO WHO sites CSR Home Diseases Bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE). bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.who.int/csr/disease/bse/en/

English Search Home Countries Health topics ... Media Centre Location: WHO WHO sites CSR Home Diseases Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Impact of BSE Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Surveillance and control Information dissemination ... Information resources Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a family of diseases of humans and animals characterized by spongy degeneration of the brain with severe and fatal neurological signs and symptoms. In animals, scrapie is a common disease in sheep and goats. Mink and North American mule deer and elk can contract TSEs. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is also a TSE, affecting a number of species (cattle, human, cats, some types of animals in 300 settings). BSE is a transmissible, neuro-degenerative fatal brain disease of cattle. The disease has a long incubation period of 4-5 years and it is fatal for cattle within weeks to months of its onset. The nature of the BSE agent is still being debated. Strong evidence currently available supports the theory that the agent is composed largely, if not entirely, of a self-replicating protein, referred to as a prion. It is transmitted through the consumption of BSE-contaminated meat and bone meal supplements in cattle feed. FOR MORE INFORMATION WHO fact sheet on BSE WHO fact sheet on Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Disease Outbreak News: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease HIGHLIGHTS New publication for governments and consumer associations - Understanding the BSE threat [.pdf]

23. Well Within - Mad Cow Disease & Contaminated Meat/Blood Products/Organs/Hormones bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CJD; possible contamination of meat, blood products, certain hormones, organs for transplant. Links to relevant information. http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/bse.htm

Dangers Dangers of Mad Cow Disease (Creutzfeld/Jakob Disease, BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Revised December 24, 2003 Please inform yourselves Mark Purdey's Website Some of the post reputable information I know Quotes from below chat I was part of.... "The organophosphates interact with manganese by acting as an oxydising agent. They change the manganese from a safe form into a highly lethal free-radical generating form so to get spongiform disease of the new variant type you would need to be simultaneously exposed to these two environmental factors. In the traditional form of the disease one is exposed to a much weaker oxidising agent in the form of ultra violet radiation that is why traditional spongiform disease always starts in the retina in the eye and it occurs in populations that live high up in snow-covered mountains - with UV light is notoriously high. " AND "Avoid use of head lice shampoos and exposure to other forms of organophosphate insecticides. Also be a bit cautious of using mobile phones too intensively because they have an oxydising effect on the brain just like organophosphates. Also avoid living too near to industries that pollute the atmosphere with high levels of manganese such as industries that use manganese as a lead replacement in petrol etc." Mark Purdey, whose information I've posted before, from the UK was on a special report (kind of like 60 minutes) on BBC 2 Sunday night (Correspondent). They did an excellent job. It seems to be about high levels of manganese and organophosphates (or other oxydizing things)

24. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information released by FSIS, other USDA and other government agencies on the issue of BSE, plus information and resources for further study. Subcommittee Report on Measures Relating to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the U.S. is available from http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/bse.htm

Food Safety and Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. 20250-3700 News and Information Updated April 15, 2004 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Contents Latest News News Archives BSE Information and Resources Fact sheets, Notices, FAQs, and lots more, from APHIS FSIS FAS DHHS FDA CDC WHO BSE Risk Assessment Results Historical Information: Public Meeting September 28, 1998: Risk Analysis for BSE BSE and CJD Links: USDA/FDA Food Safety Education Information Center Latest News Veneman Announces Expanded BSE Surveillance Program (March 15, 2004) FSIS Update of Recall Activities, February 9, 2004 Secretary's Foreign Animal and Poultry Disease Advisory Committee's Subcommittee Report on Measures Relating to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in the U.S. is available from APHIS FSIS to Conduct Teaching Workshops on BSE (FSIS Constituent Update, 01/16/2004) USDA Issues New Regulations To Address BSE (January 8, 2004) Veneman Announces Additional Protection Measures To Guard Against BSE (December 30, 2003)

25. WHO: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle. http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/fs113/en/

English Search Home Countries Health topics ... Multimedia Media centre Location: WHO WHO sites Media centre Fact sheets ... printable version Fact Sheet N°113 Revised November 2002 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle. The disease has a long incubation period of four to five years, but ultimately is fatal for cattle within weeks to months of its onset. BSE first came to the attention of the scientific community in November 1986 with the appearance in cattle of a newly-recognized form of neurological disease in the United Kingdom (UK). Source of the epidemic Epidemiological studies conducted in the UK suggest that the source of BSE was cattle feed prepared from bovine tissues, such as brain and spinal cord, that was contaminated by the BSE agent. Speculation as to the cause of the appearance of the agent causing the disease has ranged from spontaneous occurrence in cattle, the carcasses of which then entered the cattle food chain, to entry into the cattle food chain from the carcasses of sheep with a similar disease, scrapie. Cause BSE in the brain affects the brain and spinal cord of cattle. Lesions are characterized by sponge-like changes visible with an ordinary microscope.

26. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Special Report: BSE And CJD Ongoing collection of news, commentary, audio, graphics and interactive guides about bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD). http://www.guardian.co.uk/bse/0,8250,388290,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home UK Business Online ... Quiz Search this site Go to... BSE and CJD article archive Special report: what's wrong with our food? BSE inquiry links Official site DEFRA website EU response Chronology of BSE ... Related sites Queniborough Summary of investigation Presentation to health authority meeting Victims Human BSE foundation Other BSE links British Medical Journal CJD page Health Department BSE page Ministry of Agriculture BSE page The UK CJD Disease Surveillance Unit ... January 2002: report on vCJD in the future - Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology Cartoon Steve Bell on the BSE report Latest British firm raises hopes of vCJD blood test May 26: The rogue protein linked to the human form of BSE and similar diseases has been detected in a patient's blood for the first time, raising hopes that a reliable test for variant CJD can be developed.

27. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurological disease of adult cattle that was first recognised in Great Britain in 1986. mainly in Europe (see http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_statesb.htm

var code_langue1='fr';var code_langue2='es';var rep_l='/info/';var lc='en';var code_page='statesb.htm'; document.write(ent); Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurological disease of adult cattle that was first recognised in Great Britain in 1986. The clinical signs, the spread and the transmissibility of the disease indicate that it is caused by an unconventional transmissible agent hypothetically termed a prion to denote an infectious protein. The causative agent is similar to that causing scrapie in sheep and goats. BSE has been confirmed in several countries mainly in Europe (see bovine spongiform encephalopathy status ). BSE is included in list B of OIE diseases. Applications for the status of freedom from the disease will be evaluated by an Ad hoc Group and recommendations made to the Foot and Mouth and Other diseases Commission of the OIE. The report of the Commission is submitted to the International Committee and countries approved in accordance with the criteria mentioned in the Code as free from BSE will be published in the Bulletin each year. For more information, click on "

28. Health And Consumer Protection - BSE - BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) - The announcement made by the United Kingdom authorities on 20 March 1996 thata link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJacob http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/bse07_en.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Health Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information for consumers - GUIDE Second edition - 29.10.1996 The announcement made by the United Kingdom authorities on 20 March 1996 that a link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) could not be ruled out provoked an unprecedented crisis of confidence among European consumers with regard to beef and bovine products. Since then, a flood of contradictory and often incomplete information has merely amplified these concerns. It is appropriate, then, to inform consumers about the situation and the measures to reinforce consumer safety which have been taken or which are envisaged in the framework of the European Union and to try to outline the scientific uncertainties at the root of the crisis. This briefing, which incorporates, updates and supplements the guide of 28 May 1996, and which was prepared by the Interdepartmental Working Party established by the Commission on 27 March 1996, sets out to do just that. Download/view the PDF file (68 KB) HEALTH BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY

29. BSEInfo.org The Source For Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information An information resource produced by National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, onbovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD http://www.bseinfo.org/

FAQ About BSE Current BSE Information Beef Industry Facts Related Links ... Home NEW FSIS Notice on Sample Collection from Condemned Cattle Welcome to BSEinfo.Org, an information resource on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). This site includes information about the single BSE case found in a Washington State dairy cow imported from Canada as well as background information about the beef industry and about BSE. The goal of this website is to share scientific information about BSE and information about the investigation of the recent U.S. case and the systems in place to ensure U.S. beef remains the safest in the world. This site is funded in part by America's Beef Producers through the Beef Checkoff Program and managed by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association on behalf of the Cattlemen's Beef Board and State Beef Councils. This site is funded in part by National Cattlemen's Beef Association member dues. Click on the links to the left to access information. About U.S. Beef Safety The BSE agent is not found in meat Current science indicates that BSE is NOT found in the meat we commonly eat, such as steaks roasts and ground beef. In an infected cow, it would be found in central nervous system tissue, such as brain and spinal cord.

30. B115 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy Terrestrial Animal Health Code; Current AnimalHealth Status (Disease Information, bovine spongiform encephalopathy tables). http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_B115.htm

var code_langue1='f';var code_langue2='e';var rep_l='/maladies/fiches/';var lc='en';var code_page='b115.htm';var titre_p1='Animal'; var titre_p2=' diseases data'; document.write(ent); document.write(ent2); Updated: 22/04/2002 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy AETIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT An unconventional transmissible agent closely similar to that causing scrapie of sheep and goats. Hypothetically termed a prion to denote an infectious protein, because a partially protease resistant isoform of a normal host protein, PrP, is the only detectable macromolecule associated with infectivity. RESISTANCE TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTION Temperature: pH: Stable over a wide range of pH. Disinfectants: Survival: Recommended decontamination measures will reduce titres but may be incompletely effective if dealing with high titre material, when agent is protected within dried organic matter, or in tissue preserved in aldehyde fixatives. Survives in tissues post-mortem after a wide range of rendering processes. Related hamster scrapie infectivity can survive interment in soil for 3 years and dry heat of 1 hour at temperatures as high as 360°C. EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence during the course of the epidemic in Great Britain has been low. Within affected herds the maximum annual incidence was 3%.

31. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Contents. USDA Animal and Plant HealthInspection Service (APHIS) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/topics/bse.htm

Food Safety and Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. 20250-3700 News and Information Updated April 15, 2004 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Contents Latest News News Archives BSE Information and Resources Fact sheets, Notices, FAQs, and lots more, from APHIS FSIS FAS DHHS FDA CDC WHO BSE Risk Assessment Results Historical Information: Public Meeting September 28, 1998: Risk Analysis for BSE BSE and CJD Links: USDA/FDA Food Safety Education Information Center Latest News Veneman Announces Expanded BSE Surveillance Program (March 15, 2004) FSIS Update of Recall Activities, February 9, 2004 Secretary's Foreign Animal and Poultry Disease Advisory Committee's Subcommittee Report on Measures Relating to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in the U.S. is available from APHIS FSIS to Conduct Teaching Workshops on BSE (FSIS Constituent Update, 01/16/2004) USDA Issues New Regulations To Address BSE (January 8, 2004) Veneman Announces Additional Protection Measures To Guard Against BSE (December 30, 2003)

32. Institute Of Food Science & Technology: BSE/vCJD IFST Current Hot Topics. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ANDVARIANT CREUTZFELDTJAKOB DISEASE (vCJD) IN HUMANS. The Institute http://www.ifst.org/hottop5.htm

IFST: Current Hot Topics BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) AND VARIANT CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (vCJD) IN HUMANS Special Note : This updated Information Statement takes account of available data and published research up to 11 October 2001. As with the previous update, in order to accommodate much new material without extending the length, some of the earlier material which has become of historical rather than current interest has been eliminated or curtailed, but the relevant literature references have been retained. Developments subsequent to the approval of this Information Statement on 16 October 2001 are the subjects of Editorial Footnotes . This link may be used to go straight to them. To access the Annexes relating to Chronology of Events and Legislation while reading this Part, scroll back to this point and use this Link to Annexes . At the beginning of Annex 1, there is a link to return here. Glossary of abbreviations BAB - (cattle) born after the ban (on ruminant feed for ruminants) BSE - bovine spongiform encephalopathy CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CJDSU - CJD Surveillance Unit CTS - cattle traceability scheme DBES - Date-Based Export Scheme DEFRA - UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

33. Dairy.umd.edu/varner/bse.html Canadian Food Inspection Agency bovine spongiform encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE ) in North America. To receive notificationsof updates to this issue, join the e-mail subscription list. http://dairy.umd.edu/varner/bse.html

34. Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Disease Information - Bovine S bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, is aprogressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. It http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbe.shtml

datestamp='2004-02-27' Quick Pick By Commodity / Key Topic Animal health Biotechnology Dairy Eggs Employment Opportunities Feeds Fertilizers Fish and Seafood Food Recalls Forestry Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Grains Honey Horticulture Meat Hygiene Pet Imports Plant Biosafety Plant Breeder's Rights Potatoes Processed Products Publications Retail Food/Labelling Seeds Variety Registration Veterinary Biologics Main Page - Animal Products Main Page - Animal Health Act and Regulations Animal Diseases Disease Control Disease Information Disease Surveillance Canadian Animal Health Consultative Committee (CAHCC) ... Offices Canadian Food Inspection Agency Animal Products Animal Health and Production Division Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE BSE or "Mad Cow Disease" is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. It is what is known as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ( TSE ). Other TSE s include scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( CJD in humans. Although the exact cause of

35. Contents bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Table of contents. Appendix. I. Protocol for thehistopathological diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. References. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0573E/T0573E00.htm

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Table of contents by Richard H. Kimberlin Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service Edinburgh, UK The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-1031 55-X (c) FAO 1993 Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. Introduction to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ... FAO technical papers: FAO animal production and health papers

36. MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY FAO Animal Health Manual 2. MANUAL ON bovine spongiform encephalopathy. JohnW. Willesmith. Chapter 1 Introduction. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W8656E/W8656E00.HTM

FAO Animal Health Manual - 2 MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY John W. Willesmith Epidemiology Department Central Veterinary Laboratory Veterinary Laboratory Agency Surrey, United Kingdom FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 Acknowledgements Contents Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) ... PUBLIC HEALTH BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 Introduction BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first recognized and defined as a pathological entity in the United Kingdom in November 1986 (Wells et al., 1996). Initial epidemiological investigations and examination of archived brains indicated that the first cases occurred around April 1985. Subsequently, the largest freeborn epidemic of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurred which has had severe economic effects and has caused concern for public health. The initial clinical signs of this fatal neurological disease are non-specific, typically involving behavioural changes. As the clinical phase progresses the disease is typified by alterations in mental state and of sensation and ataxia. The majority of affected animals reach the advanced stages within two to three months from the onset, when slaughter on welfare grounds becomes necessary (Wilesmith

37. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Compiled from bovine spongiform encephalopathy(Mad Cow Disease) FACTSHEET , Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, January 1996. http://epix.hazard.net/topics/animal/b_s_e.htm

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy ( also known as BSE or "mad cow disease" ) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects to central nervous system of cattle. It belongs to a group of similar but distinct neurological diseases that include scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans. The cause of BSE is unknown and there is no treatment for this fatal disease. BSE does not exist in Canada . Since 1986, when first diagnosed in Great Britain, BSE has profoundly affected the British cattle and beef industries. BSE has been confirmed in domestic cattle in Ireland, France, Portugal, and Switzerland, and in cattle exported from Great Britain to Oman, the Falkland Islands, germany, denmark, and Italy. Canada has experienced one case of the disease in a cow imported from Great Britain in 1987, and diagnosed with BSE six years later. The federal government immediately took extraordinary measures to deal with risks BSE might pose to other cattle in Canada. These measures included: destruction of the entire herd containing the BSE-infected cow

38. Srb91-05 bovine spongiform encephalopathy. NAL call number 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORSbovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review, issues. http://netvet.wustl.edu/species/cows/srb91-05.htm

ISSN: 1052-536X BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Provided by the Animal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 SRB 91-05 Special Reference Briefs Janice C. Swanson Animal Welfare Information Center December 1990 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Swanson, Janice C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91-05) 1. Cattle Diseases Bibliography. I. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.91-05 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction General and Review Articles ............................. 1 Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48 Transmission ............................................ 76 ... Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52).

39. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia bovine spongiform encephalopathy. (Redirected from Mad cow disease). http//www.bseinfo.org The Source For bovine spongiform encephalopathy Information. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_cow_disease

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Mad cow disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE or more commonly mad cow disease ) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle , which is transmissible to humans. Misshaped prion proteins cause the degeneration and spread the disease between individuals. Very rarely BSE may arise spontaneously, but more often it spreads in epidemic fashion. Spontaneous disease arises in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele , which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape . Transmission of BSE occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. Practices recently banned in many countries allowed this to occur. Epidemics in cattle are believed to have originated in sheep , in which the related prion disease scrapie is common. The tissues that contain most of the pathogenic molecules are those of the brain and the nervous system , although contagious amounts appear sometimes to be present in the blood. In the brain, these proteins form plaques, which lead to the appearance of holes in the brain, degeneration of mental abilities and death. Following an epidemic of BSE in Britain, 152 people (as of 2003) acquired and died of a more or less identical disease. For many of them, direct evidence exists that they had consumed tainted beef, and so this is assumed to be how all the individuals contracted it. Disease incidence also appears to correlate with slaughtering practices that led to the contamination of hamburger and other beef with nervous system tissue. The human disease was designated

40. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia bovine spongiform encephalopathy. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http//www.bseinfo.org The Source For bovine spongiform encephalopathy Information. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE or more commonly mad cow disease ) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle , which is transmissible to humans. Misshaped prion proteins cause the degeneration and spread the disease between individuals. Very rarely BSE may arise spontaneously, but more often it spreads in epidemic fashion. Spontaneous disease arises in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele , which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape . Transmission of BSE occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. Practices recently banned in many countries allowed this to occur. Epidemics in cattle are believed to have originated in sheep , in which the related prion disease scrapie is common. The tissues that contain most of the pathogenic molecules are those of the brain and the nervous system , although contagious amounts appear sometimes to be present in the blood. In the brain, these proteins form plaques, which lead to the appearance of holes in the brain, degeneration of mental abilities and death. Following an epidemic of BSE in Britain, 152 people (as of 2003) acquired and died of a more or less identical disease. For many of them, direct evidence exists that they had consumed tainted beef, and so this is assumed to be how all the individuals contracted it. Disease incidence also appears to correlate with slaughtering practices that led to the contamination of hamburger and other beef with nervous system tissue. The human disease was designated

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