1. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Main Index, CDC bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a Dairy Cow Washington State, 2003 (Jan. BovineSpongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease July 2002. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/cjd.htm

Site Contents BSE and CJD CJD: Infection Control Practices vCJD Fact Sheet BSE and CJD Home BSE and CJD Information and Resources News and Highlights: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Not Related to a Common Venue - New Jersey, 1995 - 2004 NEW! (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 7, 2004) Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans NEW! (Emerging Infectious Diseases June 2004) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Dairy Cow - Washington State, 2003 (Jan. 12, 2004) Includes information about the BSE, classic vs variant CJD, and CDC surveillance for prion diseases Preliminary Investigation Suggests BSE-Infected Cow in Washington State Was Likely Imported from Canada (Dec. 29, 2003) UPDATED! (Dec. 29, 2003)

2. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease is a chronic,degenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system of cattle. http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/bse.html

FDA Home Page Search FDA Site A-Z Index Contact FDA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Also Known as 'Mad Cow Disease' General Background FDA Investigators Respond to Mad Cow Emergency Agencies Work to Corral Mad Cow Disease Frequently asked BSE questions FDA's BSE Emergency Plan Response Summary ... GAO Report 2002 (PDF) Testimony by FDA's Veterinary Medicine Director Countries affected by BSE Consumer Information Travelers' information (CDC) BSE and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CDC) Bovine-Based Vaccines Vaccine fact sheet Recent Actions FDA Statement (Dec. 31, 2003) FDA Statement (Dec. 27, 2003) FDA Statement (Dec. 24, 2003) Industry/Veterinary Information Ruminant feed inspections Ruminant feed enforcement Veterinary documents Ruminant import alert ... Import information Blood Safety Guidance for Industry (Jan. 9, 2002)

3. APHIS | Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, mad cow disease View Small Business Information. Bovine Spongiform. Encephalopathy (BSE) Home Page Return to Home Page. bovine spongiform encephalopathy http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization View Status of Biotech Applications Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Genetically Engineered Organisms Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement USDA ... Return to Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Address has changed. The new address is: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html Remember to change your bookmark. Wait 10 seconds or click on the new address to link to the correct site.

4. Defra, UK - Animal Health And Welfare - BSE - Glossary Glossary of abbreviations and words relating to BSE. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/glossary.html

Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Glossary BSE: Glossary This page defines the abbreviations used on the BSE site. It is not intended as a specialist dictionary of all the technical terms used. A B C D ... XYZ ABPO - Animal By-Products Order AHDO - Animal Health Divisional Office AHO - Animal Health Office BAB - Born After the (feed) Ban BARIMO - Bovine Animals (Records, Identification and Movement) Order 1995 BAS - Beef Assurance Scheme BBSRC - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BCMS - British Cattle Movement Service BIP - Border Inspection Post BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BVA - British Veterinary Association A B C D E F ... XYZ CBRD - Cattle Birth Record Document CCD - Cattle Control Document CCR - Consultative Committee on Research CHS - Certified Herd scheme CID - Cattle Identification Document CII - Cattle Identification Inspection CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease CNS - Central Nervous System COPA - Committee of Agricultural Organisations in the European Economic Community CPAS - Calf Processing Aid Scheme CSF - Cerebro-Spinal Fluid CTS - Cattle Tracing System CVL - Central Veterinary Laboratory CWD - Chronic Wasting Disease A B C D E F G ... XYZ DARD - Department of Agriculture and Rural Development - Northern Ireland DBES - Date based export scheme DEFRA - Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

5. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information Or "Mad Cow Disease" - Washington S Information and resources on bovine spongiform encephalopathy. http://agr.wa.gov/FoodAnimal/AnimalFeed/BSE.htm

Animal Health Updated 3/16/04 USDA Announces New BSE Surveillance Program The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has announced a new, intensive, national surveillance program to determine whether BSE is actually present in the cattle population and, if so, at what level. The plan is to test as many “high-risk” cattle as possible as well as a random sampling of normal, older cattle during the next 12-18 months. “High-risk” cattle are more than 30 months of age, are non-ambulatory or severely weakened, show signs of central nervous system disorder, or died on the farm. Normal, older cattle will be tested at the 40 slaughter plants across the country that handle 86 percent of the older cattle processed for human consumption. USDA officially closed its investigation into the BSE incident in Washington state on Feb. 9, 2004 . A total of 255 animals that were – or could have been – from the source herd in Alberta, Canada were identified on 10 premises in Washington, Oregon and Idaho. All 255 animals tested negative for BSE. Information and Resources BSE and actions to prevent its spread Protecting the food supply Protecting the livestock feed supply BSE and human health ... [Top of Page] Hot Links U.S. Dept. of Agriculture

6. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm

var code_langue1='fr';var code_langue2='es';var rep_l='/info/';var lc='en';var code_page='esb.htm'; document.write(ent); Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Geographical Distribution of Countries that reported BSE Confirmed Cases since 1989 (see map) This heading was created in order to inform OIE Member Countries of changes in the BSE situation worldwide. Two categories of information are provided: Information on the number of BSE cases reported worldwide in imported or indigenous cattle, by country; Information on the annual incidence rate of BSE, by country, since 1989. The annual incidence rate is calculated as follows: number of BSE cases per million cattle aged over 24 months Number of cases of BSE reported in the United Kingdom Number of BSE reported cases worldwide (excluding the United Kingdom) Countries/Territories that have reported BSE cases in imported animals only Annual incidence rate of BSE [Top] Updated: (fr) http://www.oie.int/

7. Defra, UK - Animal Health And Welfare - BSE - Homepage - Re-direct Official site is divided into the subject areas of public health, eradication, the beef industry, Europe, science, statistics and publications in connection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). From the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/

window.location='index.html' Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Homepage > Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Homepage The BSE Homepage is now located at http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html If you are not re-directed in a few seconds please use the above link Thank you Top Feedback Help Access Keys ... Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

8. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy-BSE Library Beltsville Maryland 20705 bovine spongiform encephalopathy SRB 9105 Special Record Swanson, Janice C. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91 http://netvet.wustl.edu/species/cows/srb91-05.txt

^ZUnited States ISSN: 1052-536X Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Beltsville Maryland 20705 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SRB 91-05 Special Reference Briefs Janice C. Swanson Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 December 1990 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Swanson, Janice C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91-05) 1. Cattle Diseases Bibliography. I. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.91-05 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY TABLE OF CONTENTS Begins with record # Introduction General and Review Articles ............................. 1 Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48 Transmission ............................................ 76 Safety and Control ...................................... 83 Toxicity ................................................ 98 Wildlife ................................................101 Genetics ................................................103 Addendum ................................................104 Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52). BSE is an afebrile neurological disease that primarily affects mature cattle. Clinical signs include abnormally stilted gaits, high stepping, heightened sensory perception, itching, anorexia, excessive licking, and death. Abnormal motor nerve control coupled with aggressiveness have earned the disease the common name of Mad or Raging Cow Disease. Although all types of cattle are susceptible, most cases have been reported in the Holstein-Fresian breed. The first clinical signs of the disease (onset) has been observed in cattle at an age of 1 year 10 months to 15 years. From onset, the disease course varies from less than 2 weeks to 14 months usually resulting in death or humane destruction within 4 months (2, 9, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 69). The causative agent of BSE is not known, however, histopathological studies and clinical signs indicate a strong resemblance to that of scrapie. Brain extracts of suspect cattle have produced disease specific structures known as scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). SAF are attributed to infectious type agents called prions. Prions are associated with a unique protein found in brain tissue called prion protein (PrP). Because scrapie has been transmissible via filtrates, the disease agent has been thought to be a virus. However, other characteristics of the disease do not readily fit traditional virus concepts (2, 6, 8, 9, 19, 31, 49, 54). In 1979 studies were conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to attempt experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle. Approximately 30% of the inoculated cattle developed progressive neurological signs of the disease. Upon initial histological examination scrapie could not be confirmed. However, a more recent examination of the same tissues, coupled with new information, have shown PrP structures to be present (2, 79). The incubation period for the disease has also been studied. Mice inoculated with BSE brain homogenates develop neurological signs of the disease 300 to 450 days later, therefore, indicating a prolonged incubation period before onset. In cattle the incubation period has been estimated to be from 2 to 8 years. Although the onset of BSE is observed in mature cattle the prolonged incubation period indicates that exposure can and does occur in calfhood. Calves have an estimated 30 times risk of exposure than adults (2, 31, 82). To date there is no evidence of animal to animal transmission of BSE. BSE is considered a "common source" epidemic, meaning that animals contract the disease from a common element in their environment. Evidence has ruled out sources of the disease such as semen, chemicals, autosomal inheritance, biologics and pharmaceuticals. The primary suspect disease source are diets fed to cattle containing ruminant based meat and bone protein. Scrapie or BSE contaminated carcasses which are rendered for ruminant diets may account for the presence of SAF in the brain homogenates of affected cattle. The feeding of animal protein specifically derived from ruminants was ceased in the United Kingdom as of July, 1988. Results of this control effort by the United Kingdom will not be assessable before 1992 (2, 9, 20, 23, 31, 91, 97). There have been no reported cases of BSE in the United States. As a preventative measure a prohibition of importation of ruminants from the United Kingdom was implemented in July of 1989. Scrapie and other forms of spongiform encephalopathy are present in the United States, hence, the intense interest in BSE. A transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy found in ranched mink, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), in the United States has been primarily attributed to the feeding of scrapie infected sheep and goat carcasses. However, cattle carcasses (also part of the ranched mink diet) are now a suspect source of TME (2, 3, 4, 83). The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services program produces a Programs Alert on BSE (released in 1989) and a quarterly Foreign Animal Disease Report providing up-to-date information on diseases foreign to the United States including BSE. Copies of the Programs Alert and the Foreign Animal Disease Report may be requested from: USDA-APHIS, VS, 6505 Belcrest Drive, Room 741, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Information contained within this Special Reference brief was derived from the above publications, AGRICOLA and from a variety of other resources. All citations that are present in the collections of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) will have the appropriate NAL call number included. Citations have been organized into categories reflecting the nature of the articles represented in this brief. Categories are: general and review articles; epidemiology and diagnosis; transmission; safety and control; wildlife and ; genetics. The author wishes to extend her gratitude to Dr. Patrick McCaskey of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service and Dr. Edwin Pilchard and Vira Milbank of USDA-APHIS Veterinary Services division for their thoughtful review and additions to this document. GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES 001 "Mad Cow Disease: Uncertainty rules." J. Cherfas Science 249:1492-1493 (September 28, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review, issues. 002 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." Emergency Programs Alert, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs, Hyattsville, MD. June 1990. 3 pp. DESCRIPTORS: review, clinical signs, diagnosis, epidemiology, control, reporting. 003 "Proceedings of an international roundtable on bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Summary report and recommendations." C. L. Bolis and C.J. Gibbs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1673 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 Descriptors: BSE, issues. 004 "Recommendations for initiation of research studies on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.J. Gibbs, Jr. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1686-1688(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, research projects. 005 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." R.F. Marsh. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1677(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, sheep, epidemiology. 006 "Virus-like agent blamed for mad cow disease." J. Cherfas. Science 247(4942):523(February 2, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie agent. 007 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C. Fear and M. Derakumar British Medical Journal: Clinical Research Edition 300(6727):817 DESCRIPTORS: electroencephalography, human. 008 "Is BSE simply scrapie in cattle?" (Correspondence) R.M. Barlow, D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(12):295(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, nervous system diseases, disease transmission, bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 009 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: The need for knowledge, balance, patience and action." R. Bradley Journal of Pathology 160:283-285(1990). DESCRIPTORS: review, research assessment, future action. 010 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Taking stock of the issues." R.H. Kimberlin Nature 345(6278):763-764 (1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie, nervous system. 011 "Delusional bovine spongiform encephalopathy." S. Lovestone Lancet 336(8714):565 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: human health, case studies. 012 "Spongiform encephalopathies: Implications of recent developments. Report of a joint meeting of Sections of Comparative Medicine, Epidemiology Community Medicine and Pathology, 15 November 1989." R.E. McKerrell and H. Farmer. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 83(5):334-336(1990). NAL call number: 448.9 R814 DESCRIPTORS: nervous system diseases, scrapie, cattle diseases, sheep diseases, man, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 013 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence) K.C. Meldrum. Lancet 335(8692):797(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heat, international trade, meat. 014 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(3):68(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: sheep diseases, cattle diseases, muscles, scrapie agent, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 015 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - a new warning." [Bovine spongiforme encefalopathie (BSE), een hernieuwde oproep.] B.E.C. Schreuder. Tijdschrift voor Dierjeneeskunde 115(4):175(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, lentivirinae. 016 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a review." [Bovine spongieuze encefalopathie (BSE), een overzicht.] B.E.C. Schreuder and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 115(11):507-517(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, review. 017 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a review."[Bovine spongieuze enzephalopathie (BSE).] O.C. Straub Deutsches Tierarzteblatt 38(5):328-330(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 D484 DESCRIPTORS: cattle, neuro-disease, review. 018 "Link between scrapie and BSE." (Coorespondence) D. Westaway and S.B. Prusiner Nature 346(6280):113(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, sheep, scrapie, epidemiology. 019 "Prion disease." R.G. Will, H. Diringer, L.R. Bridges, H. Fraser, J. Hardy, A. Goate and S.C. Araya Lancet 336(8711):369-370 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: creuzfeldt-jacob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, disease surveillance. 020 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (BVA policy Paper). Veterinary Record 126(7):170-171(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, public health, disease prevention. 021 "BSE in perspective." (Editorial) Lancet 335(8700):1252-1253(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle diseases, nervous system diseases, public health, cat diseases, meat. 022 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1989. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1990. 91 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 023 "Minister outlines extent of BSE." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 125(24):589(December 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence, United Kingdom. 024 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Abstract) R. Bradley. Journal of Medical Microbiology 30(2):xii(1989). NAL call number: QR1 J62 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 025 "Observations on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie (report of a visit to the UK)." M. Cooke. Surveillance 16(4):8-9(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, sheep, disease incidence, United Kingdom. 026 "The latest information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." T. Onodera, E. Momotani and T. Yoshino. Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 42(5):303-305(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 J275 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 027 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Bovine spongiform encephalopati(BSE)." S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). DESCRIPTORS: central nervous system, scrapie. 028 "Report of the working party on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." Sir R. Southwood. Leaflets Unit, PO Box 21, Stanmore, Middlessex HA7 2AY, UK; Department of Health ii:35 pp(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, disease history, epidemiology, transmission, research, United Kingdom. 029 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Potential threat to Belgian cattle." [Boviene spongiforme encephalopahtie (BSE): een mogelijke bedreiging voor de Belgische veestapel?] E. Vanopdenbosch, G. Wellemans and M. Giangaspero. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 58(3):91(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V84 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, transmission, control. 030 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A possible danger for Belgian cattle?" [L'encephalopathie spongiforme des bovines: un danger possible pour le cheptel belge?] G. Wellemans, E. Vanopdenbosch and M. Giangaspero. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 133(7):623-624(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AN78 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeds, meat meal, bone meal, international trade. 031 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Veterinary Annual. 29:59-63(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V6456 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 032 "BSE: Some unanswered questions." S. Wilson. Veterinary Record 125(10):279-280(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, central nervous system. 033 "Animal health." Northern Ireland Agriculture. 48th Annual General Report of the Department of Agriculture. Year ended 31 March 1989. UK, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK; Her Majesty's Stationery office. 95-101(1989). DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, sheep disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Johne's disease, pulmonary adenomatosis, bovine tuberculosis, Brucellosis, vaccines, import control, disease occurrence. 034 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1988. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1989. 77 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 035 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (B.S.E.): A new disease?" P.J.N. Pinsent. The Bovine Practitioner 23:97-98(November 1988). NAL call number: SF779.5.A1B6. DESCRIPTORS: pathology, central nervous system. 036 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." A.H. Andrews. Veterinary Record 122(23):566-567(June 4, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease prevalence. 037 "Disease update: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 122(20):477-478(May 14, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 038 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Time to take scrapie seriously." K.L. Morgan. Veterinary Record 122(18):445-446(April 30, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, sheep, goats, deer, feeds, offal. 039 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Foreign Animal Disease Report - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 16(4):97-98(Winter 1988). NAL call number: aSF601.U5 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, livestock, disease, statistics. 040 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). M.P. Cranwell, R.D. Hancock, J.R. Hindson, S.A. Hall, N.J. Daniel, A.R. Hopkins, B. Wonnacott, M. Vivian, P. Hunt. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, clinical signs, behavior. 041 "Scrapie in dairy sheep and cattle." H. Fraser. Sheep Dairy News 5(3):45(1988). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease. 042 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a brief review." M.C. Horzinek. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 113(21):1200(1988). DESCRIPTORS: research review. 043 "Mad cows and ministers lose their heads. (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.)" S. Pain. New Scientist 119(1625):27-28(1988). NAL call number:472 N42 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, epidemiology, scrapie, cattle, neuro-disease. 044 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A new slow virus disease?" [Encephalopathie spongiforme bovine: une nouvelle maladie a veruis lents?] M. Savey and A.L. Parodi. Point Veterinaire 20(113):79-80(1988). NAL call number: SF 602 P6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, etiology. 045 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(25):614(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, commentary. 046 "Veterinary aspects of beef production. Government health scheme for cattle." Beef Yearbook 1988 - Meat and Livestock Commission Bletchley (UK): Meat and Livestock Commission, 1988, p. 99-104. NAL call number: HD9433 G7B4 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), bovine oncoviros, IBR, IPV, virus, leukosis, leptospirosis, United Kingdom. 047 Animal Health 1987. Report of the Chief Veterinary Officer. UK, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, SW8 5DT, UK; HMSO Publications Centre, 1988. 52pp. DESCRIPTORS: disease prevalence, cattle, swine, wildlife, anthrax, swine fever, paramyxoviros, enzootic bovine leukosis, sheep scab, Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, mycobacterian bovis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSES 048 "Detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." R.H. Kimberlin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1675-1676(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, diagnosis. 049 "Ultrastructural neuropathologic features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.P. Liberski. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1682(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, histopathology. 050 "Epidemiology and current status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." J.W. Wilesmith. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1674-1675(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, epidemiology. 051 "Cerebrospinal fluid studies in normal cows and cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R.G. Will. Veterinary Studies 146(1):88-90(January/February 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, immunological response, diagnosis. 052 "BSE in Oman." (Correspondence) D.J.P. Carolan. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, case study. 053 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie, cattle, sheep. 054 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Detection and quantitation of fibrils, fibril protein (PrP) and vacuolation in the brain." A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M.J.Stack, H. White and M. Dawson. Veterinary Microbiology 23(1-4):295-304(1990). NAL call number: SF601 V44 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, pathology. 055 "Incidence of BSE." (Coorespondence) K.C. Taylor Veterinary Record 126(20):513(1990) NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence. 056 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a cow in the United Kingdom." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R. Will. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195(12):1745-1747(December 15, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case study, pathology. 057 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(November 18, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histopathological diagnosis. 058 "Post-mortem immunodiagnosis of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.F. Farquhar, R.A. Somerville and L.A. Ritchie. Journal of Virological Methods 24(1/2):215-222(April/May 1989). NAL call number: QR355.J6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, antisera, testing, infection. 059 "Observations on abnormal brain fibril detection in scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." (Abstract) A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M. Stack and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, pathology. 060 "Immunoblotting and lectin binding studies of fibril protein from natural scrapie and BSE." (Abstract) H. White and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie. 061 "Occurrence of 14 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a closed dairy herd." M.H. Winter, B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott and M. Clarke. British Veterinary Journal 145(2):191-194(March/April 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, etiology. 062 "Case of BSE in the Irish Republic." (Correspondence) H. Basset and C. Sheridan. Veterinary Record. 124(6):151(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, case report, histology, diagnosis. 063 "Suspected case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (final diagnosis: Hepatic encephalopathy)." A.F. Julian and D.J. Moore. Surveillance (Wellington) 16(4):6(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histology, liver disease. 064 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Scrapie, TME, transmissible mink encephalopathy." [Bovine Spongiform Encephalopati (BSE).] S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 D23 DESCRIPTORS: clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnosis, disease control, zoonoses. 065 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, brain. 066 "The distribution pattern of neuronal vacuolation in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is constant." (Abstract) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):519(1989). DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, histopathology, nervous system. 067 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies." J.W. Wilesmsith, G.A.H. Wells, M.P. Cranwell and J.B.M. Ryan. Veterinary Record 123(25):638-644(December 17, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, history, diagnosis, genetics, etiology, scrapie agent. 068 "Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain scrapie-associated protein." J. Hope, L.J.D. Reekie, N. Hunter, G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, H. White, A.C. Scott, M.J. Stack, M. Dawson and G.A.H. Wells. Nature 336(6197):390-392(November 24, 1988). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, neuro-disease, pathogenesis 069 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian cow." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.M. Collins. Veterinary Record 123(16):373-374(October 1, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, pathology, central nervous system, clinical signs. 070 "Elevated plasma glucose concentration in a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.F. Collins. Veterinary Record 122(3):71-72(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, blood glucose, encephalitis. 071 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Bull. Correspondence.) J.S. Gilmour, D. Buxton, N.S.M. Macleod, T.A. Brodie, J.B. More. Veterinary Record 122(6):142-143(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, encephalitis. 072 "BSE: Not a self evident diagnosis." (Correspondence). A.R. Hopkins. Veterinary Record 122(26):639(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, lentivirinae. 073 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Blood chemistry. Correspondence.) C.T. Johnson and C.J. Whitaker. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, hematological analysis. 074 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) P.N. Pulford. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, artificial insemination. 075 "A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle." G.A.H. Wells, A.C. Scott, C.T. Johnson, R.F. Gunning, R.D. Hancock, M. Jeffrey, M. Dawson and R. Bradley. Veterinary Record 121(18):419-420(1987). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, clinical signs, histopathology, scrapie. TRANSMISSION 076 "Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." R.M. Barlow and D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(5):111-112(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, central nervous system, histology. 077 "Preliminary evidence of the experimental transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle." M. Dawson, G.A.H. Wells and B.N.J. Parker. Veterinary Record 126(5):112-113(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, histology, neuro-disease, transmission. 078 "BSE. New fears on transmission." P. Aldhous. Nature (London) 345(6273):280(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, neuro- disease, scrapie agent, meat. 079 "Experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle." C.J. Gibbs, Jr., J. Sofar, M. Ceroni, A. di Martino, W.W. Clark, J.L. Hourrigan. Lancet 335(8700):1275(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease, brain, proteins, scrapie agent, experimental infection. 080 "Transmission of encephalopathies." (Coorespondence) P.H. Gibson Veterinary Record 126(10):248(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, scrapie, epidemiology. 081 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice." (Abstract) H. Fraser, I. McConnell and G.A.H. Wells. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):590(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, experimental transmission, neuropathology, central nervous system, inbred mice. 082 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." H. Fraser, I. McConnell, G.A.H. Wells and M. Dawson. Veterinary Record 123(18):472(October 29, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, mouse scrapie, neuropathology. SAFETY AND CONTROL 083 "Recommendations concerning the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." D.M. Asher Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1687 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: human health, cattle feed, bone meal, future research. 084 "Caesarean sections on BSE cows." (Correspondence) R.G. Eddy. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth. 085 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) K.W.F. Jericho Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control. 086 "Scrapie and human neurodengenerative diseases." (Correspondence) P.K. Lewis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 142(9):928(1990). DESCRIPTORS: man, prions, zoonoses, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), nervous system diseases. 087 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) P.B. Little and J. Thorsen. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252-253(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeding, disease control. 088 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The safety of beef has not yet been tested and may not be testable." (Editorial) W.B. Matthews. British Medical Journal. 300(6722):412-413(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 B77 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, meat. 089 "Animal production and public health." J.P. Samaille. Action Veterinaire (No. 1121-1122):3-4(1990). NAL call number: SF602 A25 DESCRIPTORS: milk hygiene, salmonella, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), listeria, zoonoses 090 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human health." D.M. Taylor Veterinary Record 125(16):413-415(October 14, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, epidemiology, pathology, transmission, zoonoses. 091 "Scrapie agent decontamination: Implications for bovine spongiform encephalopathy." D.M. Taylor. Veterinary Record 124(12):291-292(March 25, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641. DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control, feed contamination, rendering. 092 "Current animal events concerning human health." K.N. Burns. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 150:90-100(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), salmonellosis, listeria, scrapie, somatotropin, legislation, human health, zoonoses. 093 "Update on spongiform encephalopathies of animals and proposals for their prevention. Attulalita sulle encefalopatie spongiformi degli animali e proposte di intervento." F. Guarda and F. Valenza. Nuovo Progresso Veterinario 44(10):363-366,368(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, sheep, scrapie, control, review. 094 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). C.A. Madeiros. Veterinary Record 125(3):73(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 095 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). K.D. Meldrum. Veterinary Record 125(3):73-74(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 096 "Options for the control of scrapie in sheep and its counterpart in cattle." A.G. Dickinson and D.M. Taylor. Proceedings, 3rd World Congress on Sheep and Beef Cattle Breeding, 19-23 June 1988, Paris. Volume 1:553-564. NAL call number: SF 371.2 W67 1988 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), disease resistance, genetics. 097 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Meat inspection) (Correspondence.) J.F. Gracey. Veterinary Record 123(6):163(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, meat products, rendering, cattle, zoonoses. TOXICITY 098 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Possible toxicity link?" (Human hexachlorophene poisoning. Correspondence). C.B. Boothby. Veterinary Record 122(4):95(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, hexachlorophene. 099 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) E.J. Jack. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, encephalitis, etiology. 100 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology. WILDLIFE 101 "Antelopes die of "mad cow" disease". P. Aldhous. Nature 344(6263):183(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-diseases, zoo animals, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 102 "Spongiform encephalopathy in an eland." (Correspondence) A.J. Fleetwood and C.W. Furley. Veterinary Record 126(16):408-409(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, zoo animals, case reports, neuro-disease, tragelaphus oryx, spongiform encephalopathy, antelopes, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), United Kingdom. GENETICS 103 "A study of the inheritance of susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy." W.V.S. Wijeratne and R.N. Curnow. Veterinary Record 126(1):5-8(January 6, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heritability, scrapie agent, resistance. ADDENDUM 104 "Foreign animal disease update." P. Fernandez Foreign Animal Disease Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 18(4):4 (in press 11/27/90). DESCRIPTORS: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), update. AUTHOR INDEX Aldhous, P. 78, 101 Aldridge, B.M. 51, 56, 61, 69 Andrews, A.H. 36 Araya, S.C. 19 Asher, D.M. 83 Barlow, R.M. 8, 76 Basset, H. 62 Beyreuther, K. 68 Bolis, C.L. 3 Boothby, C.B. 98 Bradley, R. 9, 24, 75 Bridges, L.R. 19 Brodie, T.A. 71 Burns, K.N. 92 Buxton, D. 71 BVA, 20 Carolan, D.J.P. 52 Ceroni, M. 79 Cherfas, J. 1, 6 Clark, W.W. 79 Clarke, M. 51, 56, 61 Collins, D.M. 69, 70 Cooke, M. 25 Cooley, W.A. 57, 65 Cranwell, M.P. 40, 67 Daniel, N.J. 40 David, G.P. 57, 65 Dawson, M. 54, 59, 60, 68, 75, 77, 82 Derakumar, M. 7 Dickinson, A.G. 96 diMartino, A. 79 Diringer, H. 19 Eddy, R.G. 84 Editorials, 21 Farmer, H. 12 Farquhar, C.F. 58 Fear, C. 7 Fleetwood, A.J. 102 Fraser, H. 19, 41, 81, 82 Furley, C.W. 102 Giangaspero, M. 29, 30 Gibbs, C.J. 3 Gibbs, Jr., C.J. 4, 79 Gibson, P.H. 80 Gilmour, J.S. 71 Goate, A. 19 Gracey, J.F. 97 Guarda, F. 93 Hall, S.A. 40 Hancock, R.D. 40, 57, 75 Hardy, J. 19 Higgins, R.J. 57, 65 Hindson, J.R. 40 Holmes, L.A. 69, 70 Hope, J. 68 Hopkins, A.R. 40, 72 Horzinek, M.C. 42 Hourrigan, J.L. 79 Hunt, P. 40 Hunter, N. 68 Jack, E.J. 99 Jeffrey, M. 75 Jericho, K.W.F. 85 Johnson, C.T. 73, 75 Julian, A.F. 63 Kimberlin, R.H. 10, 48 Lewis, P.K. 86 Liberski, P.P. 49 Little, P.B. 87 Lovestone, S. 11 MacLeod, N.S.M. 71 Madeiros, C.A. 94 Marsh, R.F. 5 Matthews, W.B. 88 McConnell, I. 81, 82 Mckerrell, R.E. 12 Meat and Livestock Commission (UK) 46 Meldrum, K.C. 13 Meldrum, K.D. 95 Middleton, D.J. 8, 76 Milne, E.M. 69, 70 Momotani, E. 26 Moore, D.J. 63 More, J.B. 71 Morgan, K.L. 38 Multhaup, G. 68 Onodera, T. 26 Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. 16 Pain, S. 43 Parker, B.N.J. 77 Parodi, A.L. 44 Pattison, I. 14, 53 Pinsent, P.J.N. 35 Prusiner, S.B. 18 Pulford, P.N. 74 Rasmussen, S.B. 27, 64 Reekie, L.J.D. 68 Richards, M.S. 57, 65 Ritchie, L.A. 58 Ryan, J.B.M. 67 Samaille, J.P. 89 Savey, M. 44 Schreuder, B.E.C. 15, 16 Scott, A.C. 54, 59, 68, 75 Scott, P.R. 51, 56, 61, 69, 70 Sheridan, C. 62 Sofar, J. 79 Somerville, R.A. 58 Southwood, Sir R. 28 Stack, M. 59 Stack, M.J. 54, 68 Straub, O.C. 17 Taylor, D.M. 90, 91, 96 Taylor, K.C. 55 Thorsen, J. 87 UK Agricultural and Food Research Council 22, 34 UK Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland 33 UK Ministry of Agrc. Fisheries and Food 47 USDA-APHIS 2, 39 Valenza, F. 93 Vanopdenbosch, E. 29, 30 Vivian, M. 40 Wellemans, G. 29, 30 Wells, G.A.H. 31, 39, 54, 57, 59, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75, 77, 81, 82, 100 Westaway, D. 18 Whitaker, C.J. 73 White, H. 54, 60, 68 Wijeratne, W.V.S. 103 Wilesmith, J.W. 45, 50, 66, 67, 100 Will, R. 56 Will, R.G. 19, 51 Wilson, S. 32 Winter, M.H. 61 Wonnacott, B. 40 Yoshino, T. 26

9. Food Safety -- University Of Nebraska Cooperative Extension An overview of bovine spongiform encephalopathy from the University of Nebraska cooperative extension. http://foodsafety.unl.edu/scripts/hotTopic.cgi?ID=991938850

10. BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). BSE (sometimes referred to as madcow disease ) and CJD belong to the unusual group of progressively http://www.fda.gov/cvm/index/bse/bsetoc.html

FDA Home Page CVM Home Page CVM A-Z Index Contact CVM ... SIte Map Search Powered by Google Table of Contents BSE Home Page Ruminant Feed Inspect TSE Cost Analysis CVM Updates ... Related Links Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) BSE (sometimes referred to as "mad cow disease") and CJD belong to the unusual group of progressively degenerative neurological diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These diseases are characterized by an incubation period of several months (among mink) to several years, during which there is no visible indication of the disease. The incubation period for BSE among cattle ranges from three to eight years; for CJD among humans, it is approximately 13 years. Web page updated by swd , December 29, 2003, 10:37 AM ET CVM A-Z Index Contact CVM About CVM Site Map ... HHS Home Page FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine

11. No Vhost Here Report of the Public Inquiry to establish and review the history of BSE and new variant CJD in the United Kingdom and the United States response to BSE. Opened 9 March 1998. http://www.bse.org.uk/

You should be here

12. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Q And Questions and Answers Regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakobDisease (CJD). What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy? http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/bse_cjd_qa.htm

Site Contents BSE and CJD CJD: Infection Control Practices vCJD Fact Sheet BSE and CJD Home Questions and Answers Regarding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unconventional transmissible agent. Through the end of November 2003, more than 183,000 cases of BSE were confirmed in the United Kingdom alone in more than 35,000 herds. Regularly updated numbers of reported BSE cases, by country, are available on the website of the Office International Des Epizooties at: http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm The BSE epidemic in the United Kingdom peaked in January 1993 at almost 1,000 new cases per week. The outbreak may have resulted from the feeding of scrapie-containing sheep meat-and-bone meal to cattle. There is strong evidence and general agreement that the outbreak was amplified by feeding rendered bovine meat-and-bone meal to young calves. The nature of the transmissible agent is unknown. Currently, the most accepted theory is that the agent is a modified form of a normal cell surface component known as prion protein. The pathogenic form of the protein is both less soluble and more resistant to enzyme degradation than the normal form.

13. BSE Information At UIUC BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease) is a fatal disease affecting cattle and has been transmitted to humans as vCJD (nvCJD). This site is a source of information on both the http://w3.ag.uiuc.edu/AnSci/BSE

Mad Cow Disease - BSE: bovine TSE BSE is a fatal disease that affects the brain of cattle The disease is caused by a "self-replicating" protein; prionPrP Sc Meat, blood and milk have not been shown to carry the infective agent The first case of BSE was reported in the United States in December 2003 CJD: human TSE C reutzfeldt- J akob D isease (CJD) is a prion disease in humans Almost all cases of CJD are spontaneous, inherited or iatrogenic A variant CJD (vCJD) have been linked to BSE exposure No cases of vCJD have been reported in the United States BSE was first observed in Great Britain in April, 1984, and was specifically diagnosed in 1986. Since 1986, nearly cases of BSE in cattle have been identified in the United Kingdom. The epidemic peaked in 1992-93 at almost 1,000 cases per week. Control measures have reduced incidence and currently, less than 100 cases are being reported per week. Introduction: Description of spongiform encephalopathies, timeline and definition of terms

14. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy INFORMATION CONCERNING TRANSMISIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY For theScientific and Business World. Please note that news past January http://bse.airtime.co.uk/welcome.htm

INFORMATION CONCERNING TRANSMISIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY For the Scientific and Business World Please note that news past January 2002 is now to be found on another site: www.priondata.org The intention is to make available all the data about BSE, CJD and scrapie. This involves continuously creating web pages. Therefore this site is constantly under construction. Please be involved in keeping this site up to date by forwarding data. If you are unhappy with anything that appears here... please tell us. Also I ask my scientific colleagues to take into account public health when considering BSE and to remember that: "ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS EVIDENCE OF ABSENCE" - MJ REES Last update 8th January 2002 and many new email addresses added below For latest news and updates see www.priondata.org Ongoing media news: News up to January 2002: Russians ban imports from BSE countries. USA countries plan to slaughter CWDD deer, Death of Rachel Forber that was taking quinacrine. Only 200 cases of vCJD? First in Austria, Fifth in Slovenia, Third in Japan, Protective effect of HLA antigen.(interpretation in British Food Journal Claims that CWD is older than we think and a fuller explanation. Major increase in addresses and emails of worldwide researchers into TSEs It is important that everyone checks their address, email and direction of research. This a major list used to invite people to meetings

15. WHO: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal was cattle feed prepared from bovine tissues, such as brain and http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs113/en

English Search Home Countries Health topics ... Multimedia Media centre Location: WHO WHO sites Media centre Fact sheets ... printable version Fact Sheet N°113 Revised November 2002 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle. The disease has a long incubation period of four to five years, but ultimately is fatal for cattle within weeks to months of its onset. BSE first came to the attention of the scientific community in November 1986 with the appearance in cattle of a newly-recognized form of neurological disease in the United Kingdom (UK). Source of the epidemic Epidemiological studies conducted in the UK suggest that the source of BSE was cattle feed prepared from bovine tissues, such as brain and spinal cord, that was contaminated by the BSE agent. Speculation as to the cause of the appearance of the agent causing the disease has ranged from spontaneous occurrence in cattle, the carcasses of which then entered the cattle food chain, to entry into the cattle food chain from the carcasses of sheep with a similar disease, scrapie. Cause BSE in the brain affects the brain and spinal cord of cattle. Lesions are characterized by sponge-like changes visible with an ordinary microscope.

16. Defra, UK - Animal Health And Welfare - BSE - Homepage Official UK government site which covers a number of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) related subjects, providing information on the disease and efforts to eradicate it. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html

Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Homepage > Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Homepage BSE: Homepage Topics What's New Beef industry Eradication Europe ... Statistics Other BSE feedback Glossary Related sites Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), sometimes known as "mad cow" disease , is a disease of cattle first identified in 1986. This site is an authoritative source of information on BSE provided by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, a UK Government department. Latest developments Review of the Over Thirty Month Rule The Food Standards Agency has recently completed a and have advised Ministers that it would be acceptable on health grounds to replace the rule with BSE testing of OTM cattle born after July 1996. Defra, partner organisations and key industry stakeholders are currently putting in place arrangements to facilitate the high-volume, high speed testing which will be needed to implement any change. BSE Risk Status - Progress made in the UK.

17. APHIS | Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Updated May 20, 2004. CurrentBSE Situation. 0512-04, United States and Japan To Hold First http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization View Status of Biotech Applications Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Genetically Engineered Organisms Register Select Agents Animals Plants Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement USDA ... Return to Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Updated June 1, 2004 Current BSE Situation Transcript of Technical Briefing with Bill Hawks, Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Services, Dr.Elsa Murano, Under Secretary for Food Safety, Dr. Ron DeHaven, Administration, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Dr. Barbara Masters, Acting Administrator, Food Safety Inspection Service Washington D.C. - May 21, 2004 United States and Japan To Hold First BSE Technical Working Group Meeting USDA Certifies Five New Laboratories for BSE Sample Analysis Revisions to Importations of Edible Bovine Meat and Bovine Meat Products ( PDF Low Risk Canadian Products ( PDF USDA Certifies Seven Laboratories for BSE Sample Analysis USDA Provides Updates to Foreign Chief Veterinary Officers on BSE Actions Letter ... Q and A for Rapid BSE Test Go to

18. CBER - Vaccines The Center regulates vaccine products. Vaccines undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Major sections are Flu Vaccine, Thimerosal, Anthrax, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ( mad cow disease. ) http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccines.htm

FDA Home Page CBER A-Z Index CBER Search Contact CBER ... CBER Home Page Vaccines The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulates vaccine products. Many of these are childhood vaccines that have contributed to a significant reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccines have reduced preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis and other illnesses. Vaccines, as with all products regulated by FDA, undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Vaccines approved for marketing may also be required to undergo additional studies to further evaluate the vaccine and often to address specific questions about the vaccine's safety, effectiveness, or possible side effects. VAERS ), a cooperative program for vaccine safety. VAERS is a post-marketing safety surveillance program, collecting information about adverse events (side effects) that occur after the administration of US licensed vaccines. Reports to the VAERS program are welcome from all concerned individuals: patients, parents, health care providers, pharmacists, and vaccine manufacturers. Additional information concerning preventive vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases is available at the CDC National Immunization Program WWW site: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/

19. BSE Information At UIUC BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease) is a fatal diseaseaffecting cattle and has been transmitted to humans as vCJD (nvCJD). http://w3.aces.uiuc.edu/AnSci/BSE/

Mad Cow Disease - BSE: bovine TSE BSE is a fatal disease that affects the brain of cattle The disease is caused by a "self-replicating" protein; prionPrP Sc Meat, blood and milk have not been shown to carry the infective agent The first case of BSE was reported in the United States in December 2003 CJD: human TSE C reutzfeldt- J akob D isease (CJD) is a prion disease in humans Almost all cases of CJD are spontaneous, inherited or iatrogenic A variant CJD (vCJD) have been linked to BSE exposure No cases of vCJD have been reported in the United States BSE was first observed in Great Britain in April, 1984, and was specifically diagnosed in 1986. Since 1986, nearly cases of BSE in cattle have been identified in the United Kingdom. The epidemic peaked in 1992-93 at almost 1,000 cases per week. Control measures have reduced incidence and currently, less than 100 cases are being reported per week. Introduction: Description of spongiform encephalopathies, timeline and definition of terms

20. Department Of Health Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD Bovine Spongiform Encephalopa Information from the Department of Health (England) on CJD and BSE. Includes monthly statistics, press releases, and details of publications and guidance. http://www.doh.gov.uk/cjd/cjd1.htm

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