1. DBMD - Botulism - General Information botulism. For comprehensive CDC information about bioterrorism and related issues, please visit http//www.bt.cdc.gov. What is botulism? http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm

Botulism For comprehensive CDC information about bioterrorism and related issues, please visit http://www.bt.cdc.gov Frequently Asked Questions What is botulism? What kind of germ is Clostridium botulinum How common is botulism? ... What are public health agencies doing to prevent or control botulism? What is botulism? Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum . Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Foodborne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food. What kind of germ is Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is the name of a group of bacteria commonly found in soil. These rod-shaped organisms grow best in low oxygen conditions. The bacteria form spores which allow them to survive in a dormant state until exposed to conditions that can support their growth. There are seven types of botulism toxin designated by the letters A through G; only types A, B, E and F cause illness in humans.

2. CDC Botulism | Emergency Preparedness & Response Information on terrorism and public health. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Bioterrorism Agents. botulism Chemical Agents Describes the role of Category A agentssuch as botulismas weapons of bioterrorism http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/botulism/index.asp

@import url(/css/rightCol.css); /*IE and NS6x styles*/ Disasters Winter Storms Power Outages Fires Hurricanes ... Bioterrorism Agents Botulism Fact Sheets and Overviews Video: "The History of Bioterrorism" NEW! Describes the role of Category A agents Facts About Botulism PDF (163 KB/2 pages) From the Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC Technical Information about Botulism From the Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC Handbook: Botulism in the United States 1899-1996 PDF (505 MB/43 pages) Foodborne Infections FAQs and technical info Infection Control Recognition of Illness Associated with the Intentional Release of a Biologic Agent MMWR 2001 Oct 19;50(41):893-897. PDF (168 KB/20 pages) Bioterrorism Readiness Plan: A Template for Healthcare Facilities PDF (1.5 MB/34 pages)

3. EMedicine - Botulism An in depth look at botulism which is a paralytic disease caused by the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum and, in rare cases, Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic64.htm

4. Botulism; Botulinum Toxin Muscle, NMJ, Nerve, Spinal, Ataxia, Antibody Biopsy, Patient Info. botulism. Clinical features More common with type B botulism. Decrement on slow RNS Occasional patients http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info BOTULISM Clinical features Clostridium botulinum Diagnosis Features of subtypes ... Wound External links Biological weapon: AMA (pdf) CDC Manual (pdf) Movie Emile Van Ermengem Causative organism: Clostridium botulinum Gram positive bacilli Spore producing Anaerobic: Obligate Toxin production: Due to plasmid contained in some C. botulinum organisms External links: Arizona Illustration Botulinum Toxin: Proteins Sequence homology (30% to 40%) to tetanus toxin Produced as a protein (protoxin) with molecular weight 150 kDa Botulinum protoxin is cleaved into Botulinum Toxin Type B Heavy (100 kDa) chain C-terminal region of Heavy (H) chain: Binds to surface of target nerve cells N-terminal region of H chain: Translocates L chain across membranes Light (L) chain (50 kDa) Light chains have a tetrahedral zinc binding motif: Contains Consensus HELIH amino acid sequence Common to other zinc dependent metalloproteinases Structure resembling thermolysin-like endoproteases Contain toxic activity Zinc-dependent endopeptidase 3-D Geometry: Catalytic sites buried deeply within protein Double chain product more, or equally, active compared to single chain

5. MedlinePlus: Botulism Topics. botulism. Printerfriendly version, E-mail this page to a friend. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on • botulism. You http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/botulism.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Botulism Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Prevention/Screening Research ... Children Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Botulism You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Biodefense and Bioterrorism Botox Food Contamination and Poisoning Food Safety ... Infections From the National Institutes of Health Botulism (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Foodborne Diseases (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) General/Overviews Botulism (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also available in: Spanish Botulism (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Botulism: Frequently Asked Questions (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Botulism (National Institutes of Health) Prevention/Screening Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products and BotulismFood Safety Advisory (Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service) Research Botulinum Toxin Study May Lead to Inhaled Vaccine (National Institute of General Medical Sciences) Organizations Food and Drug Administration National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases

6. BOTULISMUL Include definiţia bolii, etiologia ei,, manifestări, diagnostic şi tratamentul disponibil. http://www.ispt.ro/infectioase/botulismul.htm

BOTULISM UL 1. DEFINIÞIE Botulismul este o boalã paraliticã ameninþãtoare pentru viaþã produsã de neurotoxina elaboratã de Clostridium botulinum; se poate produce prin intoxicaþie cu alimente cu toxinã botulinicã preformatã, ca botulism al plãgilor, toxina fiind produsã de C.b. ce contamineazã plãgi traumatice sau ca botulism al copiilor, C.b. existând la nivelul tractului gastro-intestinal. 2. ETIOLOGIE Clostridium botulinum, anaerob Gram pozitiv; Sunt 6 tipuri de la A la F; cel mai frecvent produc boala la om tipurile A, B ºi E; Secretã o exotoxinã foarte puternicã care este distrusã prin fierbere în 10 minute sau prin autoclavare în 3 minute; Sporii sunt foarte rezistenþi, fiind distruºi prin fierbere în 5-6 ore ºi prin autoclavare în 30 minute. 3. MANIFESTRILE PROCESULUI EPIDEMIOLOGIC Boala are o evolu ie sporadicã, sau în focare familiale sau de colectivitate. Incidenþa la 100.000 locuitori, în anul 1998 a fost de 0,18 în România ºi 0,28 în zona de vest a þãrii. 4. DIAGNOSTIC POZITIV 4.1. DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC

7. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Botulism botulism. Definition Return to top. botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000598.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Botulism Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Bacteria Definition Return to top Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . The bacterium may enter the body through wounds, or they may live in improperly canned or preserved food. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Clostridium is found in soil and untreated water throughout the world. It produces spores that survive in improperly preserved or canned food, where they produce toxin. When eaten, even minute amounts of this toxin can lead to severe poisoning. The foods most commonly contaminated are home-canned vegetables, cured pork and ham, smoked or raw fish, and honey or corn syrup. Botulism may also occur if the organism enters open wounds and produces toxin there. Infant botulism is a special type in which living bacteria or its spores are ingested and grow within the infant's gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of infant botulism is ingestion of honey or corn syrup.

8. FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium Botulinum Foodborne botulism (as distinct from wound botulism and infant botulism) is a severe type of http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html

C enter for F ood S A pplied N utrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Clostridium botulinum 1. Name of the organism: Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or minimally processed. Seven types (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of botulism are recognized, based on the antigenic specificity of the toxin produced by each strain. Types A, B, E and F cause human botulism. Types C and D cause most cases of botulism in animals. Animals most commonly affected are wild fowl and poultry, cattle, horses and some species of fish. Although type G has been isolated from soil in Argentina, no outbreaks involving it have been recognized. The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature. They occur in both cultivated and forest soils, bottom sediments of streams, lakes, and coastal waters, and in the intestinal tracts of fish and mammals, and in the gills and viscera of crabs and other shellfish. 2. Name of the Disease:

9. WHO: Botulism botulism. Fact Sheet No 270 Revised August 2002. Overview Human botulism is a serious but relatively rare disease. The disease http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/who270/en/

English Search Home Countries Health topics ... Multimedia Media centre Location: WHO WHO sites Media centre Fact sheets ... printable version Botulism Fact Sheet No 270 Revised August 2002 Overview: Human botulism is a serious but relatively rare disease. The disease is an intoxication caused by extremely potent toxins preformed in foods. The toxins are produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Person to person transmission of botulism does not occur. There are seven recognized types of botulism. Four of these (types A, B, E and rarely F) cause human botulism. Types C, D and E cause illness in mammals, birds and fish. The sporulated form of the bacterium is commonly found in soils, aquatic sediments and fish. The spores are heat-resistant. Under anaerobic conditions, botulinum spores can germinate, and the bacterium grow and produce the toxin. Ingestion of the toxin present in improperly prepared food is dangerous and may be fatal. Botulism is mainly a foodborne intoxication but it can also be transmitted through wound infections or intestinal infection in infants. Symptoms: The symptoms are not caused by the organism itself, but by the toxin that the bacterium releases. They usually appear within 12 to 36 hours (within a minimum and maximum range of four hours to eight days) after exposure. Incidence of botulism is low, but the mortality rate is high if treatment is not immediate and proper. The disease can be fatal in 5 to 10% of cases.

10. Aktuellt Om Botulism Om historik, symptom och behandling. http://www.e-interman.com/botulism.html

BOTULISM Bearbetning och aktualisering av 'Farsoter under förhistorisk tid' Förstasida Engelska: Botulism Franska: Botulisme Tyska: Botulismus Synonymer: Korvförgiftning Sjukdomsagens: Bakterie: Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus botulinus Smittreservoar: d jur, jord, havsslam, människa, vatten Mottagliga djur: fågel, get, häst, ko, mollusk, strömming, svin, säl Smittöverföring via: m at, vatten En födoämnesförgiftning som inte i första hand ger symptom från matsmältningsorganen utan från nervsystemet Historik Sjukdomen fick sin ofta använda benämning ”botulism” i slutet av 1800-talet när man började förmoda att köttprodukter kunde vara orsak till utbrott av sjukdomen (lat. botulus = korv). Det är rimligt att anta att redan samhällen under tidig stenålder kommit i kontakt med denna sjukdom. Geografisk förekomst Botulism förekommer över hela jorden. Sjukdomsagens Clostridum botulinum är en anaerob sporbildande bakterie som alstrar ett exotoxin som är det giftigaste ämne man känner till. Denna mycket vanliga bakterie som framförallt påträffas i jord är inte sjukdomsalstrande i sig, utan det är toxinet som orsakar sjukdom. Det bildas vid förökning i framförallt kött och fisk.

11. Botulism: What You Don't See Can Hurt You, HYG-5567-98 botulism was formerly known as Kerner s Disease. botulism is a rare but serious foodborne disease. The symptoms of botulism include difficulty in. http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5567.html

Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet Family and Consumer Sciences 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1295 Botulism What you don't see can hurt you HYG-5567-98 Barbara Rohrs What is Botulism? Botulism is the name of the food poisoning we get consuming the toxin of Clostridium botulinium . Botulism was formerly known as "Kerner's Disease." It was named after the man who signed the death certificate of people who ate contaminated sausage and died in an outbreak in Germany. In fact, botulism comes from the Latin word, botulus, which means sausage. Botulism is a rare but serious foodborne disease. It can be fatal. There are two different types of botulism poisoning that we need to be concerned with - adult and infant botulism. The symptoms of botulism include difficulty in swallowing, speech and breathing, and double vision. The onset of botulism is usually 18 to 36 hours after eating the contaminated food, although it can be as soon as four hours and as long as eight days. Where does botulism come from? C. botulinum

12. NORD - National Organization For Rare Disorders, Inc. Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Botulism

13. Infant Botulism - DrGreene.com Read an article that explains a disease of infants that is sometimes caused by the ingestion of honey. http://www.drgreene.com/21_1037.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep About DrGreene.com Archives About Us Context Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Topic Centers Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide Discussion Boards DrGreene´s Chats DrGreene´s Event Schedule FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Discussion Boards Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Fertility Children's Health Infant Botulism Related concepts: Botulism Introduction: Sometimes constipation and slow feeding are the only symptoms of infant botulism, a disease that is sometimes caused by honey. What is it?

14. EMedicine - Botulism : Article By Kirk M Chan-Tack, MD botulism botulism is an acute neurologic disorder with potentially life-threatening neuroparalysis that is caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic238.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Botulism Last Updated: March 10, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: human botulism, Clostridium botulinum, C botulinum , CB toxin, botulinum toxin, neuroparalysis, neurotoxin, food-borne botulism, FBB, wound botulism, WB AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Kirk M Chan-Tack, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston Hospital Coauthor(s): John Bartlett, MD , Chief of Division of Infectious Diseases, Chief of HIV Care Service, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Kirk M Chan-Tack, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians American Medical Association Physicians for Social Responsibility , and Southern Medical Association Editor(s): David H Shepp, MD

15. Botulism - NIAID Factsheet Includes cause, prevention, risks, and treatment. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/botulism.htm

August 2003 Botulism OVERVIEW Botulism is a disease caused by the toxins (poisons) produced by several members of the group of bacteria called Clostridium botulinum . These bacteria are found in soil throughout the world and produce spores that are able to survive in a dormant state until more favorable conditions allow them to grow. The seven distinct toxins they produce are some of the most deadly substances known. The toxins are designated by the letters A through G, and types A, B, E, and F toxins have produced human disease. Botulinum toxins affect people of all ages by preventing certain nerves from functioning, resulting in muscle paralysis. Because of this action these toxins are designated "neurotoxins." Botulism in humans is most often the result of eating food containing the toxin. Botulinum neurotoxins are also a serious bioterrorism concern because the toxins are relatively easy to make and deliver and are highly lethal. Unlike infectious diseases, however, botulism cannot be transmitted from one person to another. TRANSMISSION Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods contaminated with botulinum spores that grow into bacteria and produce neurotoxin in the food. A common cause of this illness is improperly preserved home-processed foods with low acid content, such as green beans, beets, and corn. Less likely sources include fish products and other commercially processed foods. The actual number of cases in the United States is small with approximately 9 outbreaks of foodborne botulism per year with and average of 2.4 cases per outbreak.

16. Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products And Botulism: Food Safety Advisory Food safety advisory from the USDA. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/pubs/frozenbot.htm

Food Safety and Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. 20250-3700 Consumer Fact Sheet September 2001 Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products and Botulism – Food Safety Advisory In August and September 2001, several cases of botulism, a life-threatening illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum , were reported in the United States. Frozen, fully-cooked products were suspected of causing these illnesses. The Food Safety and Inspection Service advises all consumers to handle frozen, fully-cooked products in accordance with these food safety recommendations. In the Store Before buying frozen, fully-cooked products, carefully inspect the container or package. If the package is punctured, torn, partially opened, or damaged in any other way that might expose the contents to the outside environment, do NOT purchase the product. Do not purchase frozen products that appear to have thawed and refrozen. Reject all swollen or gassy containers or spoiled foods. Buy food from reputable dealers, with a known record of safe handling. Buy frozen products only if they are frozen solid and only if stored in the freezer case.

17. CDC Health Topic: Botulism Other Sites. Health Topic botulism. botulism Public Health Response and Preparedness, CDC; botulism Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC; http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80006b45

Health Topics A-Z Environmental Health Información sobre la salud Injuries Men's Health ... Women's Health CDC Contents In the News Travelers' Health Health Topics A-Z Subscriptions ... Other Sites Health Topic: Botulism Botulism Public Health Response and Preparedness, CDC Botulism Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC Botulism in Argentina (epidemiologic case study) Accessibility FOIA Information Quality About CDC ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed January 15, 2004 United States Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

18. Antrax, Botulism Och Smittkoppor Artikel om symptom, smittv¤ger och behandling. http://www.internetmedicin.se/dyn_main.asp?page=996&sub=126&item=7&m

19. CDC | Facts About Botulism Facts about botulism. español. botulism is a muscleparalyzing disease caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/botulism/factsheet.asp

Disasters Winter Storms Power Outages Fires Hurricanes ... Botulism Facts about Botulism Download PDF version formatted for print (84 KB/1 page) Botulism is a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum There are three main kinds of botulism: Foodborne botulism occurs when a person ingests pre-formed toxin that leads to illness within a few hours to days. Foodborne botulism is a public health emergency because the contaminated food may still be available to other persons besides the patient. Infant botulism occurs in a small number of susceptible infants each year who harbor C. botulinum in their intestinal tract. Wound botulism occurs when wounds are infected with C. botulinum that secretes the toxin. With foodborne botulism, symptoms begin within 6 hours to 2 weeks (most commonly between 12 and 36 hours) after eating toxin-containing food. Symptoms of botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, muscle weakness that always descends through the body: first shoulders are affected, then upper arms, lower arms, thighs, calves, etc. Paralysis of breathing muscles can cause a person to stop breathing and die, unless assistance with breathing (mechanical ventilation) is provided.

20. CDC Health Topic: Botulism Health Topic botulism. botulism. Public Health Response and Preparedness, CDC. botulism. Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases http://www.cdc.gov/health/botulism.htm

Health Topics A-Z Environmental Health Información sobre la salud Injuries Men's Health ... Women's Health CDC Contents In the News Travelers' Health Health Topics A-Z Subscriptions ... Other Sites Health Topic: Botulism Botulism Public Health Response and Preparedness, CDC Botulism Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC Botulism in Argentina (epidemiologic case study) Accessibility FOIA Information Quality About CDC ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed January 15, 2004 United States Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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