161. Bmj.com Kelly Et Al. 328 (7439): 537 Editorial. Smoking and blindness. Tobacco Control 2002;11 845. Free Full Text; Mitchell P, Chapman S, Smith W. Smoking is a major cause of blindness. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/328/7439/537

Home Help Search/Archive Feedback ... Table of Contents BMJ 2004;328:537-538 (6 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7439.537 PDF of this article e xtra: Extra references, table and methods Email this article to a friend Respond to this article Read responses to this article PubMed citation Related articles in PubMed Download to Citation Manager See Correction for this article ... Citation Map Search Medline for articles by: Kelly, S. P Mitchell, P. Alert me when: New articles cite this article Collections under which this article appears: Smoking Ophthalmology Editorial Smoking and blindness Strong evidence for the link, but public awareness lags While most people and many patients attending eye clinics recognise many adverse health hazards of tobacco smoking, they remain largely unaware of its link with blindness. Although smoking is associated with several eye diseases, including nuclear cataract and thyroid eye disease, the most common cause of smoking related blindness is age related macular degeneration, which results in severe irreversible loss of central vision. Current treatment options are of only partial benefit to selected patients.

162. Millions Of Americans At Risk For Vision Loss, Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/conditions/04/12/vision.impairment.ap/index.html

163. CNN.com - Corn Hybrids To Fight Blindness, Birth Defects - Oct. 16, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/16/corn.nutrition.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Corn hybrids to fight blindness, birth defects Story Tools DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) Plant scientists are working to develop corn fortified with beta carotene to help fight blindness, birth defects and malnutrition in developing nations. HEALTH LIBRARY Health Library YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Follow the news that matters to you. Create your own alert to be notified on topics you're interested in. Or, visit Popular Alerts for suggestions. Manage alerts What is this? The research, under way at Iowa State University in Ames, also involves identifying known hybrids high in beta carotene. The substance is converted by the human body into vitamin A, which is essential for vision, cell division and growth. "Corn is a good way of delivering vitamin A because you to deliver it with fats and oils that help in its uptake," said Stephen Howell, director of the university's Plant Sciences Institute. The project has two components: Geneticist Steve Rodermel will lead a team in developing the new corn varieties and nutrition expert Wendy White will examine how vitamin A enrichment works. "The crucial question is how much the beta carotene needs to be increased in this corn kernel," White said in a statement. "To answer this question, we first have to understand how much of the beta carotene is absorbed by the body and converted into vitamin A to meet daily requirements."

164. Fortified Peanut Butter May Help Fight Childhood Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/diet.fitness/04/25/fortified.pb.ap/index.html

165. CNN.com - Could Bionic Eye End Blindness? - June 13, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/06/13/bionic.eye/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Could bionic eye end blindness? Jens completely lost his sight 18 years ago, but with the use of special glasses, he can find his way through rooms. By Dr. Sanjay Gupta and Kristi Petersen (CNN) Artificial vision for the blind was once the stuff of science fiction Lt. Geordi La Forge's visor on "Star Trek" or the bionic eye of "The Six Million Dollar Man." But now, a limited form of artificial vision is a reality one some say is one of the greatest triumphs in medical history. "We are now at a watershed," Joseph Lazzaro, author of "Adaptive Technologies for Learning and Work Environments," told CNN. "We are at the beginning of the end of blindness with this type of technology." Any scientific advance would have broad implications. According to statistics from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., 1.1 million people in the United States are legally blind, while worldwide 42 million people are without sight. The Dobelle Institute is among several institutions trying in essence to create a new cornea through technology. The cornea allows light into the interior of the eye.

166. New Ways To Save Preemies From Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/parenting/10/25/preemie.blindness.ap/index.html

167. CNN.com - Health - Plan Underway To Squash Preventable Blindness Disease - Decem CNN http://cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/12/04/health.trachoma.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Plan underway to squash preventable blindness disease LONDON (Reuters) Pilot studies in Morocco and Tanzania have more than halved the number of cases of trachoma as doctors start a drive to eliminate the world's biggest cause of preventable blindness. The success of the International Trachoma Initiative (ITI), health experts said Monday, means the plan will be extended to other countries where the bacterial infection threatens millions of people with blindness, including patients in Ghana, Mali, Sudan and Vietnam.

168. CNN - Webcast Aims To Raise Awareness Of Blindness As Global Problem - October 1 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9910/14/worldsightday/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Webcast aims to raise awareness of blindness as global problem October 14, 1999 Web posted at: 10:41 a.m. EDT (1441 GMT) WORLD SIGHT DAY WEBCAST Live webcast of sight-saving surgeries and imformation about eye care. (CNN) In an effort to raise public awareness of worldwide efforts to prevent and reverse blindness, the Lions Clubs International's second annual World Sight Day conference is being Webcast live from Kenya. The Webcast on Thursday will include footage of cataract patients from villages in Kenya receiving sight-restoring surgeries, a special address from former-President Jimmy Carter, and information from the World Health Organization (WHO) on eye health. "One of the reasons we selected Kenya as the primary location for World Sight Day is that nearly 80 percent of the world's blind live in Asia and Africa," said Lions Clubs International President James Ervin.

169. Colorblind Web Page Filter View your actual web pages through the eyes of visitors with three different types of color blindness. http://colorfilter.wickline.org/

Colorblind Web Page Filter I'd like to express my appreciation to pair.com for donating a dedicated server to host this utility. As soon as I've secured employment in Portland (Oregon) and finished with all of the house purchasing and cross-continent moving craziness, I'll be porting the tool to . In the mean time, jpg/png processing and the handling of arbitrary file extensions may be disabled on occasion, and the maximum file size (currently at 100KB) may be adjusted in order to reduce server load. Potential employers may request a private demo of an unlimited version if interested. The development of additional filtering features (JavaScript, SVG, Flash, etc) will be on hold until my life settles down a bit. This tool is still under active development. Some features may not work at all. Documentation has not yet been created. However, you're welcome to use the tool while I work on it. If you have any feedback, please let me know . If you only use one filter, use the grayscale filter which will not only point out potential problem areas, but will also let you see more clearly which areas the filter is unable to process. While this color filter will show your existing web site through color blind eyes, you can save time by using the

170. Visualise - Alpha Squared Solutions Ltd. Allows people to see websites the way people with various visual impairments do. Currently it covers varying degrees of colour blindness, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, macular degeneration and glaucoma. http://www.a2solutions.co.uk/visualise.htm

Main Menu Skip Navigation Home About us Services ... Contact Introduction This tool allows people to see websites the way people with various visual impairments do. Currently it covers varying degrees of colour blindness, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, macular degeneration and glaucoma. This tool was developed to make people aware of the issues around website accessibility and the difficulties faced by people with visual impairments. More information on how to use the tool can be found below. Warning! Due to the limitations of current browser technology this page does not comply with the WAI Web Accessibility Guidelines and can only be viewed on Windows Internet Explorer version 5.5 and above. Visualisation Tool Please select a site to view: Colour Blindness: The Colour Blindness filter only works if the page viewed below has been selected via the URL field above. The page cannot be changed while this filter is used. The filters below does allow interaction with the site via the keyboard, but not using the mouse. The colour blindness will be reset to 0% before applying the other filters. Colour blindness can be re-applied after a filter below had been selected. Click on the following buttons to toggle each type of disability: Diabetic Retinopathy Cataracts (Affects the whole page) For the following two disabilities, click on the image overlay and move the mouse to view different portions of the website.

171. American Council Of The Blind (ACB) American Council of the Blind (ACB) The American Council of the Blind (ACB) site provides general information about the Council, including recent and back issues of the monthly publication, The http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.acb.org&y=020A4CF9CEE75727&i

172. Vischeck: Home User quotes This is a great site, and a great service. I ve passed the URL along to all of our graphic artists. Thanks Mike S. http://www.vischeck.com/

Home Vischeck Daltonize Examples Downloads ... People User quotes: I just stumbled onto your site and I'm pleased with the service that you offer. So far so good on the pages that I have on web. I'm encouraging the folks on my staff to use your site as a check. -Eve D. Vischeck simulates colorblind vision. Daltonize corrects images for colorblind viewers. Want to know what we're up to? Join our mailing list . Contact: info@vischeck.com . Last modified 2003-Feb-19 19:15 GMT. And now a word from our sponsor...

173. Vischeck: VischeckURL User quotes Your site is incredible. Thank You. Now I can check all my web pages and websites to see if they are still useful or http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/vischeckURL.php

Home Vischeck Run Images Run Webpages Daltonize Examples Downloads FAQ ... People User quotes: I've found your site very interesting, especially the page showing the color deficient image comparisons. It's great to be able to show people the world through my eyes. -Andy C., Newcastle upon Tyne Try Vischeck on a Webpage Select the type of color vision to simulate: Deuteranope (a form of red/green color deficit) Protanope (another form of red/green color deficit) Tritanope (a blue/yellow deficit- very rare) Enter the URL of any webpage- eg. www.google.com URL: Notes: Vischeck URL is still under development. We know that it will fail on many websites. For example, it won't work with sites that do an immediate redirect, use Macromedia Flash, or use certain javascript operations. Frames may also cause problems, but you can run each frame separately to get around this. Style sheets are crudely supported but beware that many variants will give incorrect results. We are currently working on a new version to fix many of these issues, but our day-jobs keep getting in the way or a firm release date. But maybe sometime in late 2004. Processing some pages takes some time- please be patient!

174. Blind Related Links Welcome to Blind Links. Click on the name of the areas you would like to visit Or Just browse down the page. http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html

Welcome to Blind Links Click on the name of the areas you would like to visit: Or Just browse down the page. Adaptive Technology Advocacy and Training Books and Magazines Commercial ... Blind U.S. Veterans E-Mail Ron Marriage with any comments or suggestions. If you wish to make a link to this site on your own home page then you have my permission to do so. Thanks for stopping in. WWW by E-Mail: Anyone not having World Wid Web access, but does have internet email can still access this and other pages by email alone. To access text only versions of web pages send an email to: agora@www.undp.org and into the body of the message type the line: send url where url is the page you want sent to you, such as this page: send http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html My URL: http://welcome.to/blindlinks I got it for free at http://come.to THE SPEECH FRIENDLY WEB RING This Speech Friendly Web Ring site was created by: Ron Marriage Want to join the Speech Friendly Web Ring Skip Prev Prev Next ... List Sites Items of Note Speech Friendly Ribbon Award Internet Accessable for the disabled Lynx Enhanced Page Best Viewed with Any Browser Campaign ... Ron.Marriage

175. Rdcbraille.com - Learn Braille Info. This Website Is For Sale! Please select your language, please select. rdcbraille.com. This domain is for sale! More details learn braille http://www.rdcbraille.com/pbpb.html

176. Introduction To IAPB-International Agency For The Prevention Of Blindness Enter . Site Maintained by. http://www.iapb.org/

Enter Site Maintained by

177. Hysterical Blindness (2002) (TV) http://www.imdb.com/Title?0290664

178. We Have Moved To A New Address Colorblind HomePage. Designed by Terrace L. Waggoner, OD, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. This website defines being colorblind and will educate http://members.aol.com/nocolorvsn/color.htm

We have moved to a new address. Please right-click here to add us to your favorites http://colorvisiontesting.com

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