121. Achromatopsia And Color Blindness It is also known as rod monochromatism. This condition is associated with color blindness, visual acuity loss, extreme light sensitivity and nystagmus. http://www.lowvision.org/achromatopsia_and_color_blindnes.htm

Achromatopsia Understanding Achromatopsia Richard L. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Laura K. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Published in Vision Enhancement Journal Achromatopsia is an inherited condition that affects approximately 1 in every 33,000 Americans. It is also known as rod monochromatism. This condition is associated with color blindness, visual acuity loss, extreme light sensitivity and nystagmus. It is a condition found throughout the world with varying incidence. There are two primary forms, the complete achromatopsia and incomplete achromatopsia. C omplete Achromatopsia A chromatopsia means “without color” and is defined as little or no function of the cone cells. Persons with achromatopsia are only able to perceive black, white and shades of gray. Patients with complete achromatopsia have no real understanding of the concept of color. A color like red may be perceived as dark gray while yellow may be perceived as a light gray. The vision is much like that of a black and white photograph with varying shades of gray. Incomplete Achromatopsia atients with incomplete achromatopsia have profound color impairment, but do have a small residual amount of color vision and slightly better visual acuity due to the presence of some functioning cone cells in the retina.

122. Cortical Blindness Cortical blindness. Overcoming cortical blindness and braininjury We have been blessed with a very special child, our son Sterling, 19 years old. http://www.lowvision.org/cortical_blindness.htm

Cortical Blindness Cortical blindness - Alternative page for non-JavaScript browsers A presentation on visual field loss based on location of the injury in the brain Overcoming cortical blindness and brain-injury We have been blessed with a very special child, our son Sterling, 19 years old. Sterling was born blind and brain- injured due to a massive cerebral hemorrhaging (stroke) he sustained in utero or at birth. Doctors had told us that cortical blindness pertaining to the cortex area of the brain) is irreversible. Their prognosis was that our son would remain blind and a vegetable for the rest of his life. BLINDSIGHT ALSO OCCURS IN MONKEYS Discussion on blindsight and studies in Monkeys

123. OnchoNet Homepage Offers a range of resources on onchocerciasis, the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/SWILLIAM/OnchoNet/OnchoNet.html

Welcome to OnchoNET, the onchocerciasis information repository. Onchocerciasis is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting over 18 million people. From 1985 to 2000, the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation sponsored an international initiative to develop a vaccine for onchocerciasis, including the River Blindness Genome Project (RBGP) directed by Dr. Steven A. Williams (1995 to 2000). The RBGP is currently being funded by the A. K. Watson Trust (1999-2003). Now, the powerful research tools available on the Internet have been organized in OnchoNET. Please click on the links below to access pages related to the listed topics. The Williams laboratory The Onchocerca volvulus River Blindness genome project is based at the laboratory of Steven A. Williams at Smith College. The River Blindness Genome Project : Resources and databases obtained from the RBGP. Research materials Onchocerca Antigens Database Available genomic or cDNA libraries Onchocerca volvulus Gene Index (OvGI) , a database created and maintained by TIGR , the Institute for Genomic Research.

124. Overview On Deaf-Blindness Overview on Deafblindness. Barbara Miles. July 2003 Revised. What Is Deaf-blindness? It may seem that deaf-blindness refers to a total inability to see or hear. http://www.tr.wou.edu/dblink/overview.htm

DB-LINK Home To print this document, you may want to switch to the text only version. DB-LINK The National Information Clearinghouse On Children Who Are Deaf-Blind About DB-LINK DB-LINK Publications DB-LINK Databases Selected Topics ... Search the DB-LINK Website Overview on Deaf-Blindness Barbara Miles Barbara Miles is a communication specialist/consultant and teacher, experienced with all ages and levels of persons who are deaf-blind. She has taught regional, national and international seminars on communication issues for children who are deaf-blind. Her articles have been published in the Journal of Vision Impairments and Blindness, Deafblind Education, and regional newsletters. July 2003 Revised What Is Deaf-Blindness? A person who is deaf-blind has a unique experience of the world. For people who can see and hear, the world extends outward as far as his or her eyes and ears can reach. For the young child who is deaf-blind, the world is initially much narrower. If the child is profoundly deaf and totally blind, his or her experience of the world extends only as far as the fingertips can reach. Such children are effectively alone if no one is touching them. Their concepts of the world depend upon what or whom they have had the opportunity to physically contact. Who Is Deaf-Blind, and what are the Causes of Deaf-Blindness?

125. Macula Lutea Information resource on blindness and visual impairment. Collection of links to sites on low vision, as well as a calendar listing low vision conferences throughout the world. Presents information about early intervention, education and rehabilitation of persons with a visual impairment. http://home.swipnet.se/macula-lutea

Welcome to Macula Lutea An information resource on vision and visual impairment Text only Svenska The Calendar Harry's Visible Links ... About Macula Lutea http://home.swipnet.se/macula-lutea Tomteboda Resource Centre (TRC) has become Resource Centre Vision Stockholm - a unit within the new Swedish Institute for Special Needs Education THE CALENDAR List of conferences in Sweden, the Nordic countries and World Wide Probably the largets collection in the world of links related to visual impairment Today there are websites in the database, representing countries and a great number of international organizations. Other good sites: Report a new site ICEVI Europe ABOUT MACULA LUTEA About the philosophy behind the site International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment This site is best seen using the font Verdana.

126. Western Australian Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Chat room, links, information and support on retinal disorders and fighting blindness. http://members.iinet.net.au/~warpf/index.html

Western Australian Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness What is Retinitis Pigmentosa? Retinitis Pigmentosa is the name given to a group of diseases which affect the retina of the eye. The retina, located in the back of the eye, is the part of the eye that acts like the film in a camera. It is a delicate layer of cells which picks up the picture and transmits it to the brain - where "seeing" actually occurs. In RP, the retina begins to degenerate, which causes vision to diminish. One of the earliest symptoms of RP is difficulty seeing at night or in dimly lit places (night blindness). Later there is a reduction in side (peripheral) vision. The symptoms of RP generally increase over the years. It is known that certain cells in the retina, known as rods and cones, die in RP. The cause of cell death however, is not known at present, but research provides us with the opportunity to seek solutions. RP bodies throughout the world support research in a number of medical centres and hospitals internationally to find the cause, prevention and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases like Retinitis Pigmentosa, Usher syndrome and Macular Degeneration. Some of these centres also provide a clinical evaluation of the patient's RP or other retinal degenerations. They may also perform special tests requested by the patient's own ophthalmologist. Through the efforts of RP organisations in many countries, the number of highly qualified investigative scientists working full time on RP and related diseases continues to grow. Research efforts into these types of retinal diseases are difficult because there is no opportunity to safely biopsy - that is, remove and examine living retinal tissue under a microscope - the delicate eye.

127. William James - On A Certain Blindness In Human Beings On a Certain blindness in Human Beings William James. OUR judgments concerning the worth of things, big or little, depend on the http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/jcertain.html

On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings William James OUR judgments concerning the worth of things, big or little, depend on the feelings the things arouse in us. Where we judge a thing to be precious in consequence of the idea we frame of it, this is only because the idea is itself associated already with a feeling. If we were radically feelingless, and if ideas were the only things our mind could entertain, we should lose all our likes and dislikes at a stroke, and be unable to point to any one situation or experience in life more valuable or significant than any other. Now the blindness in human beings, of which this discourse will treat, is the blindness with which we all are afflicted in regard to the feelings of creatures and people different from ourselves. We are practical beings, each of us with limited functions and duties to perform. Each is bound to feel intensely the importance of his own duties and the significance of the situations that call these forth. But this feeling is in each of us a vital secret, for sympathy with which we vainly look to others. The others are too much absorbed in their own vital secrets to take an interest in ours. Hence the stupidity and injustice of our opinions, so far as they deal with the significance of alien lives. Hence the falsity of our judgments, so far as they presume to decide in an absolute way on the value of other persons' conditions or ideals. Commercial Advertiser

128. Night Blindness A description of the typical night blindness people with degenartive diseases are suffering from. Retina International. Night blindness. http://www.retina-international.org/nightbld.htm

Retina International Seeking a cure for Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Macular Degeneration, Usher Syndrome and allied retinal distrophies Night Blindness The outer area of the retina is made up of more rods than cones. The rod cells are the cells that enable us to see in poor illumination. This is the reason why loss of side vision often results in night blindness. Normal vision (left and right) and night blindness (middle) Individuals suffering from night blindness not only see poorly at night, but also require some time for their eyes to adjust from brightly lit areas to dim ones. Contrast vision may also be greatly reduced. Normal Vision Slow Adjustment Glare Sensitivity Loss of Peripheral Vision Back to the Retinal degenerative diseases page Back to the Home Page Last Updated : April 2001 For suggestions or comments, please mail to the webmaster

129. What Is Blindness? Legal blindness is visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. http://www.nib.org/blindness.htm

Legal blindness is visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. Legal blindness can mean tunnel vision, no central vision, cloudy or extremely blurred vision , seeing just shadows, or no vision at all. What does 20/200 mean? A person with normal visual acuity can see an object clearly, at 200 feet ; a legally blind person must be 20 feet or closer to see the same object. Many different types of visual impairments are caused by conditions such as diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, cataracts, and macular degeneration. Blind people succeed in the workplace because of access technology, special fixtures and equipment that compensate for various types of visual loss. Low vision devices are also instrumental in maximizing residual vision, not only for work, but also for other aspects of life. Some low vision solutions involve only a hand-held magnifier, the introduction of increased lighting or an adjustment of the background against which a person is working. More complex solutions such as miniature telescope lenses mounted onto eyeglasses or devices to magnify text or the visual field are common.

130. DiabeticEyes.com - Home Page Information about preventing vision loss and blindness, from a diabetic eye doctor. http://diabeticeyes.com

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131. The DRM WebWatcher: Blindness & Visual Impairments A Disability Resources Monthly guide to the best online resources about blindness and visual impairments. http://www.disabilityresources.org/BLIND.html

Home Subjects States Librarians ... Contact Us The DRM WebWatcher (Subjects) Blindness and Visual Impairments Updated 12/2003 A B C D ... About/Hint/Link The Internet is filled with useful information for (and by) people who are blind or partially sighted. Rather than reinvent the wheel, we've listed a few of the best meta sites (indexes) to online resources about blindness and visual impairments, followed by a quick list of major national and international organizations. Be sure to see the related sites for more indepth information about particular issues and disorders. Meta Sites (indexes) Blindness Resource Center This extensive meta site describes online resources relating to blindness and visual impairments. Categories include access to the Internet, braille, deaf-blindness, eye diseases, low vision resources, on-line information, organizations, research, university programs, vendors, and web home pages of the blind community. An excellent guide, despite a strong commercial influence. BLIST: The Comprehensive Index of Blindness-Related Emailing Lists Information about more than a hundred blindness-related emailing lists and newsgroups, as well as an extensive listing of more general accessibility disability lists. Also available in

132. MaryMichele.Com - A Mom With Heart! A single mom who is blind from the Pacific Northwest shares her personal recipes, book, music and movie reviews, blindness resources, and original stories and writings. http://www.marymichele.com/

Click on the virtual yard sign above to go to my MARY FOR KERRY page! [ Home ] All About Mary Blindness Resources Grandma Solveig Mary for Kerry! Mary's Favorite Links Mary's Weather var enabled = 'no'; Mary's Favorite Links: Click to View Links. Mary's Photo Album Mary's Weekly Column Click on my photo to enter my photo album and see more photos of my family, pets and friends. Subscribe to momthoughts Powered by groups.yahoo.com MOM THOUGHTS is a weekly news-letter which is not so much parenting advice as it is one mom's thoughts on the day-to-day experiences of motherhood. Members will also have access to great kid-friendly links, and tasty recipes as well. There is also a weekly poll. This site was last updated View My Guestbook Sign My Guestbook MMP Enterprises Mary Petrelli ... Paula Kohring [ Home ] All About Mary Blindness Resources Grandma Solveig Mary for Kerry!

133. Color Blindness And Color Discrimination Topics in Usability. Color blindness and Color Discrimination. Accommodating Color blindness by Paul Hoffman (Usability Interface, October 1999). http://www.stcsig.org/usability/topics/colorblind.html

Contents Alphabetical Index Topics in Usability Color Blindness and Color Discrimination Basic Information Design Tools Corrective Tools Related Topics: Accessibility Ergonomics and Personal Safety Special Audiences: Designing for the Old and Young Basic Information Accommodating Color Blindness by Paul Hoffman ( Usability Interface , October 1999). Guidelines for using color in design to reduce confusion for people with color vision deficiencies. Basic color and design SBFAQ from ERGO/GERO Human Factors Science Color Blindness by Andrew Oakley Color Blind Design Hints and Tips - DOs and DON'Ts for designing Web pages and other products for people who are color blind. Colors For The Colorblind - Understanding color blindness and using color to emphasize information to people with color vision deficiencies, includes statistics on incidence. Color Vision, Color Deficiency by Diane Wilson, Generalist at Large. An article on color blind awareness, and how color should never be the only visual cue in design. Considering the Color-Blind by Chuck Newman in WebTechniques. Designing Web pages for people with color vision deficiencies.

134. Medical Genetics - X-linked Recessive: Red-Green Color Blindness, Hemophilia A Inheritance of the condition, and similar mechanism in hemophilia. http://www.musckids.com/health_library/genetics/xlink.htm

Home About Us Departments Send an e-Card ... Your Hospital Visit 171 Ashley Ave. Charleston, SC 29425 800-424-MUSC Print Version Medical Genetics X-linked Recessive: Red-Green Color Blindness, Hemophilia A Genes are inherited from our biological parents in specific ways. One of the basic patterns of inheritance of our genes is called X-linked inheritance. What is X-linked inheritance? X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Remember, females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y. Genes on the X can be recessive or dominant, and their expression in females and males is not the same because the genes on the Y chromosome do not exactly pair up with the genes on the X. X-linked recessive genes are expressed in females only if there are two copies of the gene (one on each X chromosome). However, for males, there only needs to be one copy of an X-linked recessive gene in order for the trait or disorder to be expressed. For example, a woman can carry a recessive gene on one of the X chromosomes unknowingly, and pass it on to a son, who will express the trait: Therefore, half of the daughters have the gene and can pass it to the next generation. The other half do not have the gene and, therefore, cannot pass it on. Half of the sons do not have the gene and cannot pass it on. The other half of the sons have inherited the gene and will express the trait or disorder.

135. The Official Prevent Blindness Virginia Website! The Official Web Site of Prevent blindness Virginia. A nonprofit organization that Saves Sight One Child At A Time. http://www.pbv.org/

136. Illinois Society For The Prevention Of Blindness Provides public resources for safety and care of eyes, along with eye disease. Includes The Visionary , a publication that explores research projects, issues and news of interest. http://eyehealthillinois.org/

CANTV Eye Care Eye Disease Eye Safety ... Donations Web design - Voras

137. ADJUSTMENT TO BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ADJUSTMENT TO blindness AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT. Finally, there are links to other sites that also promote a positive approach to blindness and visual impairment. http://www.whitsacre.info/vip/

ADJUSTMENT TO BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT by Robert Leslie Newman This web site is devoted to changing what it means to be blind through the promotion of the human potential to successfully adjust to and live with blindness and visual impairment. It is meant for the blind, the visually impaired, professionals involved with this population such as vocational rehabilitation counselors or therapists, teachers and educators of the blind and visually impaired, families and friends interested in adjustment to vision loss, all those interested in peer counseling and blindness, individuals looking for blindness related information or guidance or suggestions or materials or adaptive equipment or consumer groups or etc. Toward this goal, THOUGHT PROVOKER, a web based discussion forum on blindness and visual impairment is presented and available for reading and response. Additionally featured are short stories highlighting the successful adjustment to blindness through the development of a positive attitude and philosophical foundation, to the acquisition of alternative techniques in order to function independently. Finally, there are links to other sites that also promote a positive approach to blindness and visual impairment.

138. Macular Degeneration Foundation, Inc. - Eyesight Vision Disease Retina Research Information and resources about the leading cause of central vision loss and blindness. http://www.eyesight.org/

Macular Degeneration Foundation Eyesight.org receives top ranking by all major search engines for a reason ... It continues to be the leading resource for information concerning Macular Degeneration to a growing population of individuals affected by the disease and related low vision conditions. A prestigious team of scientists associated with leading universities advise the Foundation and oversee the distribution of Research Funds contributed by appreciative visitors to this site. Donations Microcurrent Stimulation: Vitamin Therapy: Research Highlights Dr. Judah Folkman, the "Cancer Warrior", with Ed Aleksandrovich, President of the MD Foundation Quick Links Table of Contents Research Articles Items in the News Free Newsletter ... "HOT" Links Macular Degeneration Foundation, Inc. PO Box 531313 Henderson, NV 89053 Tel: 888-633-3937 Fax: 702-450-3396 Tel: 888-633-3937 Fax: 702-450-3396 Optogon Corporation

139. Rotary International Avoidable Blindness Task Force Home Page Contact Information. O. Doyle Dannenberg, OD Avoidable blindness Task Force Chair Email doyled@nctimes.net FAX 760746-0204. This http://www.frankdevlyn.org/blindness/

Visit the New International Eye Care Fellowship of Rotarians CLICK HERE The Eye Care Fellowship has replaced the Avoidable Blindness Task Force

140. Broken Wings The first television series to focus solely on the lives of disabled people. Each of the 13 episodes profiles the struggles, dreams, and accomplishments of an adult or child with a specific form of disability, such as blindness, dwarfism, or paraplegia. From Amphion Productions. http://www.motionmasters.com/bw/

A New Documentary Series with a Fresh Perspective on Disability What is it like to be a little person? To be blind or deaf? To live in a world that does not accommodate your height or physical limitations? To face a flight of stairs in a wheelchair or be trapped in your home because public transportation doesn't accommodate your needs? How do people with disabilities manage to succeed in life? Are they different from other people? Are they superhuman? Or does disabled mean "unable?" Curious for truthful answers? Then plan to watch "Broken Wings," an up-coming 13-part series on people with disabilities hosted by Pat Morita We would like to hear your comments.

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