21. ClinicalTrials.gov - Information On Clinical Trials And Human Research Studies: Search results for blepharospasm ALLFIELDS are shown below. Include trials that are no longer recruiting patients. 1 study was found. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=Blepharospasm

Home Search Browse Resources ... About Search results for Blepharospasm [ALL-FIELDS] are shown below. Include trials that are no longer recruiting patients. 1 study was found. Recruiting Neurophysiological Markers in Patients with Craniofacial Dystonia and Their Relatives U.S. National Library of Medicine Contact NLM Customer Service National Institutes of Health ... Freedom of Information Act

22. Diplopia After Exposure To Botulinum Toxin Article about botulinum toxin used to treat blepharospasm and its effects. http://mediswww.meds.cwru.edu/dept/neurology/ocular/ab026.html

DIPLOPIA AFTER EXPOSURE TO BOTULINUM TOXIN: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN TWO PATIENTS John S. Stahl Department of Neurology University Hospitals of Cleveland Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA Learning Questions: How does botulinum toxin affect extraocular motility? What is the effect of edrophonium chloride on botulinum toxin ophthalmoparesis? What are the mechanisms of botulinum toxin-induced diplopia? Supported by K08 EY00356-01. References: Hedges, TR, A. Jones, L. Stark, and WF Hoyt. Botulin ophthalmoplegia. Clinical and oculographic observations. Arch. Ophthalmol. 101:211-213, 1983. Spencer, RF and KW McNeer. Botulinum toxin paralysis of adult monkey extraocular muscle. Structural alterations in orbital, singly innervated muscle fibers. Arch. Ophthalmol 105:1703-1711, 1987. Return to Abstracts Table of Contents

23. EYELID Information about blepharitis, blepharoplasty, blepharospasm, botulinum toxin treatment and its side effects. http://www.futureoptometrist.com/eyelid.htm

EYELID AOA Blepharitis Blepharospasm Pages Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Blepharospasm Case of Chalazion ... Styes and Chalazions Are your looking for more information on the above topics, make sure to check out the Reveiw of Optometry's Handbook of Ocular Disease Management Help build the Future Optometrists web site! If you have a link or a suggestion for this web site, please email Laura Windsor Home Introduction O.D. Resource Center ... Interesting Misc. Links Revised: May 18, 2003 10:03:30 PM

24. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Blepharospasm General Health Encyclopedia, blepharospasm. http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000756.cfm

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25. EyeMD Link An article about blepharospasm, what it is, treatment and testing details. http://www.eyemdlink.com/conditions/blepharospasm.htm

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26. BOTOX® > Healthcare Professionals > Approved Uses > Blepharospasm BOTOX® is indicated for the treatment of blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including benign essential blepharospasm or VII nerve disorders in patients http://www.botox.com/site/professionals/approved_uses/blepharospasm.asp

document.writeln(cssFile); professionals consumers home search ... help var s_pageName=document.title; var s_server=""; var s_channel=""; var s_pageType=""; var s_prop1=""; var s_prop2=""; var s_prop3=""; var s_prop4=""; var s_prop5=""; var s_prop6=""; var s_prop7=""; var s_prop8=""; var s_prop9=""; var s_prop10=""; Resources Reimbursement BOTOX® FAQ Product Information Approved Uses Prescribing Information BOTOX® is indicated for the treatment of blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including benign essential blepharospasm or VII nerve disorders in patients 12 years of age and above. Blepharospasm is a localized movement disorder (focal dystonia) that affects the muscles that control eyelid movement. The disorder is characterized by increased blinking caused by involuntary spasms of the muscles controlling the eyelid. Blepharospasm usually affects both eyelids and can progress to functional blindness (i.e., an inability to open the eyelids for any significant period of time). Approximately 75% of patients with blepharospasm are female and the average age at onset is 56 years.

27. Canadian Support Group For Blepharospasm And Meige Sufferers blepharospasm is a condition in which there is forced, sustained, involuntary closing of the eyelids. Symptoms blepharospasm. Welcome. The http://www.blepharospasm.ca/index.shtml

BLEPHAROSPASM Welcome The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Canadian Research Foundation Inc. (BEBCRF) provides this site for your use. These pages are intended to provide information and not to advocate particular treatment options. For treatment, readers must consult their physician. The term blepharospasm ['blef-a-ro-spaz-m] can be applied to a forced, sustained, and, involuntary closure of the eyelids. It stems from a number of causes, beginning with dry eyes, and, may progress to a state where the person is "legally blind". The blepharospasm referred to here is officially called Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB). "Benign" indicates the condition is not life threatening, and "essential" is a medical term meaning "of unknown cause". The psychological impact of BEB can be tremendous. Patients often feel their physicians do not believe their symptoms are uncontrolled and, therefore, may see several physicians before the proper diagnosis is made. It is not unusual for a patient to be initially seen by a physician who is unaware of this disease and refers them for psychiatric evaluation. They are generally greatly relieved when they are finally told they have a real disease and that some treatment is available. It is extremely important for patients to understand their disease process. Patients generally learn their own coping techniques which can be shared with others at support group meetings. At present there is no cure for Essential Blepharospasm and related dystonias. Systemic medications help some patients. Debilatating spasms, however, continue in most cases, rendering patients functionally blind. Botulinum A toxin injection is the best temporary therapy and myectomy is the best long term therapy.

28. Essential Blepharospasm David R. Jordan, MD, FACS, FRCS(C). What is Essential blepharospasm? Blephro comes from the Greek word for eyelids. How does Essential blepharospasm present? http://www.blepharospasm.ca/Article1.html

Eyelid Spasms I by David R. Jordan, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.R.C.S.(C) What is Essential Blepharospasm? How does Essential Blepharospasm present? What causes Essential Blepharospasm? Blepharoaspasm is thought to be secondary to an abnormal functioning of the "basal ganglia," an area of the brain which plays an important role in the control of fine motor movements. The exact problem in this area is unknown but a neurochemical imbalance is suspected. In some cases it may be familial disease with more than one family member affected. In other cases, blepharospasm may be secondary to drug therapy for other diseases (ex. medication for Parkinson's disease, major tranquilizers). THERAPY Blepharospasm can be treated with oral medication, injections of Botulinum toxin or surgery. Drug therapy is effective in fewer than 10% of patients and may only give partial relief. The response is unpredictable and side effects may outweigh the benefits. A variety of medications have been tried including antipsychotics, affective disorder agents, anxiolytic agents, sedatives, drugs for Parkinson's disease, muscle relaxants, etc. Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacteria "Clostridium botulinum". Botulinum toxin interferes with acetylcholine release from peripheral motor nerve terminals, resulting in temporary paralysis of the injected muscles. Minute doses of botulinum toxin are injected around the eyelid and facial area with a fine needle. The effect usually occurs within the first few days and lasts an average of 3 to 4 months, at which time another injection is given. Muscle relaxants (orphenadrine, baclofen) have been useful in several patients as the effects of botulinum toxin start wearing off.

29. Blepharospasm blepharospasm is uncontrollable blinking of the eyelid which makes it appear as if the person is continually winking. Subscribe now . blepharospasm. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/880000031.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Blepharospasm Q: I am suffering from blepharospasm, also referred to as Meige's syndrome. As a result, I am unable to look at people when they are speaking to me, watch TV or read. When I attempt to walk, I literally have to hold one of my eyes open with my hand and walk looking down at the floor cautiously. I have received Botox shots and it doesn't help me. I took Artane and was taken to the hospital for slow heart beat. I need your advice on how to further treat this. A: Blepharospasm is uncontrollable blinking of the eyelid which makes it appear as if the person is continually winking. Besides being annoying and making life difficult, it can also be painful. Botox injections, which you received, are the treatment of choice and usually 90-95% effective. Since this is one those ironic, fascinating twists in medicine where a substance goes from "threat to cure," let me briefly explain what it is. Botulinum toxin, made by a bacterium called Clostridium botolinum, is one of the most potent poisons known to man. The bacteria, which are found in soil, untreated water, and intestines of animals and fish, produce spores which multiply in the absence of air. These spores thrive in improperly preserved or canned food, like cured ham, smoked fish, canned vegetables (That's why those of you who are doing a lot of home canning this summer need to be sure you sterilize the items well by pressure cooking at 250 degrees F for 30 minutes). Within eight to 36 hours after eating contaminated food, a person may develop difficulty swallowing or speaking, see double, have nausea and vomiting. The toxin causes progressive paralysis of the nerves and can lead to death if untreated.

30. Blepharospasm - Care For Involuntary Twitching Or Excessive Blinking Of The Eyel blepharospasm. Myths Nothing can be done about blepharospasm. Overview blepharospasm is the involuntary twitching of the http://www.visionworksusa.com/disease.asp?d_num=16

31. Iritis, Eye Floaters, Ocular Migrane, Myopia, Blepharospasm Myopia Myopia is nearsightedness, and is treatable. blepharospasm - Blepharospam is the involuntary twitching of the eyelids. http://www.visionworksusa.com/diseaselist.htm

Philosophy Products About Us Contact Us ... Publications Disease List Go to our main disease list Iritis - Iritis is an inflammation of the iris with redness, throbbing pain, light sensitivity, or tearing. Eye floaters - Floaters are small dark shapes which appear before your eyes. Ocular migrane - One cause of migrane is computer eye syndrome. Myopia - Myopia is nearsightedness, and is treatable. Blepharospasm - Blepharospam is the involuntary twitching of the eyelids.

32. Blepharospasm, Botulinum Toxin, Clostridium Botulinum, Myectomy, Benign Essentia blepharospasm, Botulinum toxin, Clostridium botulinum, Myectomy, benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm. blepharospasm. Causes of blepharospasm. http://www.caridon.com/blepharospasm.html

Main Menu Home Glaucoma Chronic Glaucoma Acute Glaucoma ... About Blepharospasm Background Blepharospasm is an abnormal, involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelids. Blepharospasm is also called “benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm”. Causes of Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is associated with an abnormal function of the basal ganglion from an unknown cause. The basal ganglion is the part of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles. In rare cases, heredity may play a role in the development of blepharospasm. Symptoms of Blepharospasm Most people develop blepharospasm without any warning symptoms. It may begin with a gradual increase in blinking or eye irritation. Some people may also experience fatigue, emotional tension, or sensitivity to bright light. As the condition progresses, the symptoms become more frequent, and facial spasms may develop. Blepharospasm may decrease or cease while a person is sleeping or concentrating on a specific task. Blepharospasm Treatment To date, there is no successful cure for blepharospasm, although several treatment options can reduce its severity. In the United States and Canada, the injection of Oculinum (botulinum toxin, or Botox¨) into the muscles of the eyelids is an approved treatment for blepharospasm. Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, paralyzes the muscles of the eyelids.

33. Blepharospasm - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment blepharospasm Facts plus the Latest News on blepharospasm Treatments HealthNewsflash. HealthNewsflash. blepharospasm Fact Book. Table http://www.healthnewsflash.com/conditions/blepharospasm.php

Search our Archive for the Latest News on Blepharospasm Browse By Category Browse Alphabetically Search Health Conditions Blepharospasm Fact Book Table of Contents Other Names What is Blepharospasm? What causes Blepharospasm? What are the symptoms of Blepharospasm? ... Other Resources Other Names Benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm. What is Blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is an abnormal, involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelids. What causes Blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is associated with an abnormal function of the basal ganglion from an unknown cause. The basal ganglion is the part of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles. In rare cases, heredity may play a role in the development of blepharospasm. Back to Top Click Here for the Latest News on Blepharospasm Back to Top What are the symptoms of Blepharospasm? Most people develop blepharospasm without any warning symptoms. It may begin with a gradual increase in blinking or eye irritation. Some people may also experience fatigue, emotional tension, or sensitivity to bright light. As the condition progresses, the symptoms become more frequent, and facial spasms may develop. Blepharospasm may decrease or cease while a person is sleeping or concentrating on a specific task. How is Blepharospasm treated?

34. Blepharospasm - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home neurological disorders movement disorders dystonia blepharospasm blepharospasm. Information • Diagnosis • Treatment • Prevention. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/neurological-disorders/movement-disorders/dyston

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... dystonia > blepharospasm Blepharospasm Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Related Topics Medical Definition Health News Web Directory: Related Topics: Eye Disorders Medicine/Medical Specialties/Ophthalmology Senses/Vision Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "blepharospasm" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Blepharospasm Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: BEBREF Blepharospasm Pages Initial symptoms, cause and treatment are discussed, and available publications are listed by the Benign Essential Bleparospasm Research Foundation. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Information, who to contact, where to go to chat with others and links from Family Village.

35. Bbc.co.uk - Health - Illnesses And Conditions Blepharospasm Find out about blepharospasm, treatment of the condition and where to go for support. AZ Illnesses and Conditions. blepharospasm What is it? http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/bletherospasm.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index WEDNESDAY 2nd June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage Health Home Lifestyle Home ... Conditions QUICK GUIDE A-Z Children's Ailments IN-DEPTH Addictions Allergies Arthritis Asthma ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! A-Z Illnesses and Conditions Blepharospasm What is it? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? What is it? For those with blepharospasm uncontrolled muscle contraction closes their eyelids - 'blepharo' means 'eyelid' and 'spasm' means 'uncontrolled muscle contraction'. The eyes are normal but this closure causes visual disturbance by obstructing vision. What are the symptoms? Usually excessive blinking and/or eye irritation signals the onset of blepharospasm. Initially it may occur only in response to triggers such as stress, tiredness, or bright lights. With progression of the condition the spasms occur more often. This may not only make performing everyday tasks difficult but may make it impossible for the affected person to see at all. Social isolation and embarrassment often occur as a result of not being able to see clearly but also because of the unwelcome interest in the sufferer's eyes from curious onlookers. How is it treated?

36. Clinical Neurosciences - Dystonia blepharospasm. Background. blepharospasm is a focal dystonia that affects the orbicularis oculi muscles. This results in http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/http/depts/clin_neuro/teaching/tutorials/dystonia/bleph

BLEPHAROSPASM Background Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia that affects the orbicularis oculi muscles. This results in paroxysmal or sustained closure of the eyes. This can be severe enough to cause functional blindness. Surgical treatments , such as orbicularis myectomy and sectioning of the facial nerve, can be effective, the procedures do have a significant associated morbidity. Botulinum toxin Open studies suggest that about 70% of patients have a functional improvement. The start of the video clip (2.8 Mb) demonstrates a patient with blepharospasm who is having treatment with Botulinum Toxin. The X marks the site of Botulinum toxin injections in this particular patient. Side effects (which in general are reversible): local pain/swelling bleeding/haematoma diplopia partial ptosis antibody formation REFERENCES 1. "A Handbook of Botulinum Toxin Treatment" Ed. P. Moore, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1995. Suggestions/comments to Dr David Nicholl MedWeb Neurosciences Teaching Menu

37. Blepharospasm http://pharma-help.com/blepharospasm

Blepharospasm Blepharospasm Information A twitching or spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle due to tics, eyestrain, or nervous irritability. Essential blepharospasm Blepharospasm of unknown cause.It may be so severe as to be debilitating. Surgery has helped some patients. Botulinum toxin A, as is available in Botox , injected into the muscles that control the spasm has been of benefit. This treatment will need to be repeated after 2 to 3 months. Articles and information related to Blepharospasm Botox Skin Care and Beauty Health Resources Drug Information Home ... Add Url Please view our and before using Pharma-Help.com. Contact Us for information, feedback or to have any further questions answered. Daily updates, current date: 2nd of June 2004 powered by www.freefind.com Drug Information Home > Blepharospasm Popular Products Zantrex-3 StriVectin-SD Ephedrine Hydroxycut ... Ephedrine Info

38. Blepharospasm Find it Here. blepharospasm. BEBRF blepharospasm Pages Discover the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for blepharospasm. The AnswerSleuth s blepharospasm. http://www.health-nexus.com/blepharospasm.htm

Health-Nexus.Net Health-Nexus.Org The #1 Health information site Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Blepharospasm BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - Discover the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for blepharospasm. Find surgery and drug remedies. Benign Essential Blepharospasm - Who to Contact Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Inc. See also: Hemifacial Spasm, Meige's Syndrome. The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation has a mission to promote, develop and carry on the search for the cause and a cure for Benign Essential Blepharospasm and other related disorders and infirmities of the facial musculature. Blepharospasm - Blepharospasm is a common term for conditions that are medically known as Benign Essential Blepharospasm and Essential Blepharospasm. A blepharospasm is defined as "a chronic, unremitting, bilateral, variably progressive ...

39. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential blepharospasm, Benign Essential Important It is possible that the main title of the report blepharospasm, Benign Essential is not the name you expected. http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/nord17.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Medical Library Choose a Topic Our Content Sources Ask A Question Clinical Trials Health Guide A-Z Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... For a Complete Report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Important It is possible that the main title of the report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms BEB Blepharospasm Secondary Blepharospasm Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) do not function properly. There are intermittent and involuntary contractions or spasms of the muscles around the eyes. Although the eyes themselves are unaffected, the patient may eventually become functionally blind because of an inability to open the eyelids. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle spasms. Resources WE MOVE (Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders) 204 West 84th Street New York, NY 10024

40. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Essential blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. Benign Essential blepharospasm Benign Essential blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. National. 170 groups. http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/shc29beb.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Medical Library Choose a Topic Our Content Sources Ask A Question Clinical Trials Health Guide A-Z Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. National. 170 groups. Founded 1981. Provides information and emotional support to persons with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB). Networks people together with similar symptoms. Doctor referrals, education. Supports research. Bimonthly newsletter. Local group development guidelines. Voluntary contributions. WRITE: B.E.B. Fdn. P.O. Box 12468 Beaumont, TX 77726-2468 CALL: 409-832-0788 FAX: 409-832-0890 E-MAIL: bebrf@sbcglobal.net WEBSITE: http://www.blepharospasm.org

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