1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Blastomycosis blastomycosis. Alternative names Return to top. North American blastomycosis; Gilchrist s disease Definition Return to top. blastomycosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000102.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Blastomycosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Fungus Alternative names Return to top North American blastomycosis; Gilchrist's disease Definition Return to top Blastomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by inhaling a fungus ( Blastomyces dermatitidis ), which is found in wood and soil. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Blastomycosis occurs most often in people living in the south-central and Midwestern US and Canada. Exposure to soil is the key risk factor. The disease usually affects people with compromised immune systems, such as people with HIV or organ transplant recipients. Men are more likely to be affected than women. Lung infection may produce no symptoms, but when the infection is widespread, skin lesions or bone lesions may appear and the urogenital system (bladder, kidney, prostate, testes) may be affected. The incidence of blastomycosis is 1-2 out of every 100,000 people in geographic areas where blastomycosis occurs most frequently. It is even less common outside those areas.

2. Dog Owner's Guide: Blastomycosis blastomycosis. There could be a fungus among us. these books for more information on . . . blastomycosis. Although we don t have any http://www.canismajor.com/dog/blstomyc.html

[Dog Owner's Guide: Blastomycosis (www.canismajor.com/dog/blstomyc.html)] Home Topics Index Newest ... About Blastomycosis There could be a fungus among us Introduction The disease process Diagnosis Treatment Introduction Blastomycosis is an infection found in dogs, people, and occasionally cats. It is caused by the fungal organism Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is found as a mold in the soil or at room temperatures and as a yeast in tissues or at body temperatures. The mold occurs in sandy, acid soils near river valleys or other waterways. Endemic in Ohio, Mississippi, and St. Lawrence river valleys, the Great lakes region, and along the eastern seaboard, veterinarians report blastomycosis more frequently in the fall. While any dog may contract blastomycosis under the right circumstances, certain populations are at greater risk. These include the hunting and sporting breeds since their use involves exposure to soil in wet areas, and young adult dogs, which are more likely to be used in hunting or field trials than old dogs or pups. For unknown reasons, male dogs are more likely to contract blastomycosis than females. One study found that, while female dogs may have better survival rates with therapy, they are more likely to suffer relapses than males. So, while all dogs are susceptible to blastomycosis, those at greatest risk for infection are two-to-four year old intact males of hunting or sporting breeds that weigh 50-75 pounds and are exposed to river valleys or lakes during late summer or fall.

3. Blastomycosis Features organism information, symptoms, epidemiology, and references. http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/blasto/blastomycosis.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Video Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: 1/7/2004 10:33:01 AM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis - CNS Cryptococcosis

4. EMedicine - Blastomycosis : Article By Basil Varkey, MD, FRCPC, FCCP Article by Basil Varkey, MD, FRCPC, FCCP. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic231.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Pulmonology Blastomycosis Last Updated: March 8, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Gilchrist disease, Gilchrist's disease, fungal infection, fungus infection, Blastomyces dermatitidis, B dermatitidis, pulmonary infection, adult respiratory syndrome, ARDS, antifungal treatment AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Basil Varkey, MD, FRCPC, FCCP , Associate Program Director, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin Coauthor(s): Gregory J Raugi, MD, PhD , Associate Professor, Program Director, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington at Seattle; Chief, Dermatology Section, Primary and Specialty Care Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center of Seattle Basil Varkey, MD, FRCPC, FCCP, is a member of the following medical societies:

5. Blastomycosis Factsheet with cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention. http://www.ehendrick.org/healthy/000208.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Blastomycosis Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhaling microscopic particles (spores) produced by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis . Blastomycosis may be limited to the lungs or also involve the skin and bones. In its most severe form, the infection can spread throughout the body and involve many organ systems (systemic). Description Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis . Although primarily an airborne disease, farmers and gardeners may become infected from contact with spores in the soil through cuts and scrapes. The fungus that causes the disease is found in moist soil and wood in the southeastern United States, the Mississippi River valley, southern Canada, and Central America. Blastomycosis is also called Gilchrist's disease, Chicago disease, or North American blastomycosis. Another South and Central American disease, paracoccidioidomycosis, is sometimes called South American blastomycosis , but despite the similar name, this disease is substantially different from North American blastomycosis. Canine blastomycosis, a common dog disease, is caused by the same fungus that infects humans. However, people do not get this disease from their dogs except only very rarely through dog bites. Blastomycosis is a rare disease infecting only about 4 in every 100,000 people. It is at least six times more common in men than in women and tends to more often infect children and individuals in the 30-50 year old age group. People who have

6. EMedicine - Blastomycosis : Article By Avinash Shetty, MD Article by Avinash Shetty, MD. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic254.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Blastomycosis Last Updated: April 21, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Blastomyces dermatitidis, B dermatitidis, Ajellomyces dermatitidis, A dermatitidis, systemic pyogranulomatous mycosis, inhalation of fungal conidia, pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, disseminated blastomycosis, fungal infection AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Avinash Shetty, MD , Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Russell Steele, MD , Department Head and Vice-Chair, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University and New Orleans Children's Hospital Avinash Shetty, MD, is a member of the following medical societies:

7. Blastomycosis Disease Fact Sheet Series blastomycosis. What is blastomycosis? blastomycosis is an uncommon, but potentially serious fungal infection. It primarily affects the lungs and skin and is caused by the http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/healthtips/BCD/Blastomycosis.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search Disease Fact Sheet Series: Blastomycosis What is blastomycosis? Blastomycosis is an uncommon, but potentially serious fungal infection. It primarily affects the lungs and skin and is caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis . The illness that can result from exposure to this organism is extremely variable. Infected individuals may not develop any symptoms or may develop mild and rapidly improving respiratory symptoms; a progressive illness involving multiple organ systems can occur in untreated patients. What are the signs and symptoms? Some persons infected with Blastomyces How is blastomycosis diagnosed? Infected symptomatic individuals usually have abnormalities present on their chest x-rays. However, these abnormalities are not unique to blastomycosis and may occur with many other respiratory illnesses. The diagnosis of blastomycosis can be confirmed by the identification of the fungus B. dermatitidis in a culture of the sputum, skin, or biopsy specimen of infected tissue. Blood specimens may also be used to determine if an individual has had a previous blastomycosis infection; however, blood tests will not identify all cases and on occasion may be falsely positive. Similarly, skin tests are not accurate in diagnosing blastomycosis.

8. Blastomycosis blastomycosis. Definition. blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhaling microscopic particles the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. blastomycosis may be limited to the lungs http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/blastomycosis.html

Encyclopedia Index B Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index B Blastomycosis Definition Blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhaling microscopic particles (spores) produced by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis . Blastomycosis may be limited to the lungs or also involve the skin and bones. In its most severe form, the infection can spread throughout the body and involve many organ systems (systemic). Description Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis . Although primarily an airborne disease, farmers and gardeners may become infected from contact with spores in the soil through cuts and scrapes. The fungus that causes the disease is found in moist soil and wood in the southeastern United States, the Mississippi River valley, southern Canada, and Central America. Blastomycosis is also called Gilchrist's disease, Chicago disease, or North American blastomycosis. Another South and Central American disease, paracoccidioidomycosis, is sometimes called South American blastomycosis , but despite the similar name, this disease is substantially different from North American blastomycosis. Canine blastomycosis, a common dog disease, is caused by the same fungus that infects humans. However, people do not get this disease from their dogs except only very rarely through dog bites.

9. Blastomycosis blastomycosis. DESCRIPTION An uncommon, systemic, fungal infection with a broad range of and diagnostic methods of pulmonary blastomycosis A Review of 100 consecutive cases http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0123.html

Blastomycosis DESCRIPTION: An uncommon, systemic, fungal infection with a broad range of manifestations including pulmonary, skin, bone and genitourinary involvement System(s) affected: Skin/Exocrine, Pulmonary, Musculoskeletal, Renal/Urologic, Endocrine/Metabolic Genetics: N/A Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Ranges from 0.4-4 cases per 100,000 population per year. Higher prevalence in states bordering the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Sporadic cases occurring in other areas. Predominant age: Adults, but 10-20% of cases occur in children Predominant sex: CAUSES: Inhalation of spores of Blastomyces dermatitidis into lung with spread to other organ systems by lymphohematogenous dissemination Primary inoculation of skin may rarely occur Female genital infection may result from sexual transmission Reactivation of previous infection may occur in immunocompromised patients including those with AIDS Synonyms: North American blastomycosis ICD-9-CM: 116.0 Blastomycosis REFERENCES: Mandell GL, ed. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5th Ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2000 Patel RG, et al. Clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and diagnostic methods of pulmonary blastomycosis: A Review of 100 consecutive cases. South Med J 1999;92:289-95

10. Infectious Diseases - Blastomycosis Features symptoms, cause, and risks. http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/peds/pidl/infect/blastomy.htm

The Vanderbilt Pediatric Interactive Digital Library is no longer online as of April 14, 2003. Alternative Resources: Vanderbilt Children's Hospital Vanderbilt Children's Hospital - Health Topics Vanderbilt Children's Hospital Digital Library

11. Blastomycosis blastomycosis is acquired via inhalation; blastomycosis may coexist or mimic a bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis. http://www.doctorfungus.com/mycoses/human/blasto/blastomycosis.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Video Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: 1/7/2004 10:33:01 AM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis - CNS Cryptococcosis

12. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Skin Lesion Of Blastomycosis Skin lesion of blastomycosis. Skin disease is primarily a manifestation of disseminated (widespread blastomycosis) and occurs in up to 80% of individuals. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000865.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Skin lesion of blastomycosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Fungus Definition Return to top A skin lesion of blastomycosis is a symptom of an infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in which the skin becomes infected as the fungus spreads throughout the body. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Blastomycosis is a rare fungal infection that occurs primarily in the central and southeastern states of the US, Canada, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Africa. It is acquired by inhaling fungal particles found in moist soil, particularly amongst decaying vegetation. People with immune system disorders are at highest risk. The lungs are the portal of entry for this infection and are the main organ involved. The fungus may disseminate (spread) to other areas of the body after initial infection in the lungs and affect the skin, bone/joints, genitourinary tract and other systems. Skin disease is primarily a manifestation of disseminated (widespread blastomycosis) and occurs in up to 80% of individuals. Skin lesions may be wartlike or appear as ulcers and may affect the nose and mouth as well. Symptoms Return to top Papules pustules , or nodules May appear wartlike May vary from gray to violet in color.

13. DBMD - Blastomycosis - Technical Information blastomycosis. Clinical Features. Symptomatic infection (50% of cases) usually presents as a flulike illness with fever, chills, productive cough, myalgia, arthralgia and pleuritic chest pain. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/blastomycosis_t.htm

Blastomycosis Clinical Features Symptomatic infection (50% of cases) usually presents as a flu-like illness with fever, chills, productive cough, myalgia, arthralgia and pleuritic chest pain. Some patients fail to recover and develop chronic pulmonary infection or widespread disseminated infection (affecting the skin, bones, and genitourinary tract). Occasionally affects the meninges. Etiologic Agent Blastomyces dermatitidis. Reservoir Moist soil enriched with decomposing organic debris. Endemic in parts of the south-central, south-eastern and mid-western United States. Microfoci in Central and South America and parts of Africa. Incidence 1-2 cases per 100,000 population in areas with endemic disease. Sequelae Permanent lung damage with chronic disease. Mortality rate is about 5%. Transmission Inhalation of airborne conidia (spores) after disturbance of contaminated soil.

14. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 158, Systemic Fungal Diseases Features symptoms, signs, prognosis, and treatment. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter158/158d.htm

Systemic Mycoses) This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 13. Infectious Diseases Chapter 158. Systemic Fungal Diseases (Systemic Mycoses) Topics [General] Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Blastomycosis ... Other Fungal Opportunists Blastomycosis (North American Blastomycosis; Gilchrist's Disease) A disease caused by inhalation of mold conidia (spores) of Blastomyces dermatitidis, which convert to yeasts and invade the lungs, occasionally spreading hematogenously to the skin or focal sites in other tissues. In the USA, the endemic area for blastomycosis includes the geographic distribution of H. capsulatum, but extends further into middle Atlantic and southeastern states, the northern Midwest, upstate New York, and southern Canada. Cases also have been identified in the Middle East and Africa. The incidence and severity of blastomycosis seems to be increased in immunocompromised patients, but it is a less common opportunistic infection than histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis. Blastomyces dermatitidis grows as a mold at room temperature and in its natural site in soil enriched with animal excreta and moist, decaying, acidic organic material. It has been rarely isolated from soil near beaver dams or where farm animals are kept. It may infect dogs as well as humans. Inhaled

15. DBMD - Blastomycosis - Technical Information blastomycosis. Clinical Features, Symptomatic infection (50% of cases) usually presents as a flulike illness with fever, chills, productive http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80006b24

Blastomycosis Clinical Features Symptomatic infection (50% of cases) usually presents as a flu-like illness with fever, chills, productive cough, myalgia, arthralgia and pleuritic chest pain. Some patients fail to recover and develop chronic pulmonary infection or widespread disseminated infection (affecting the skin, bones, and genitourinary tract). Occasionally affects the meninges. Etiologic Agent Blastomyces dermatitidis. Reservoir Moist soil enriched with decomposing organic debris. Endemic in parts of the south-central, south-eastern and mid-western United States. Microfoci in Central and South America and parts of Africa. Incidence 1-2 cases per 100,000 population in areas with endemic disease. Sequelae Permanent lung damage with chronic disease. Mortality rate is about 5%. Transmission Inhalation of airborne conidia (spores) after disturbance of contaminated soil.

16. University Of Wisconsin - Madison, Canine Blastomycosis blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic pathogen Blastomyces to multiply in the lung, blastomycosis can cause significant pulmonary disease (pneumonia http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs/blasto/intro.html

Introduction FAQ Gallery Contact Info ... Home Introduction Blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis B. dermatitidis grows as a mold in moist soil or vegetation that, under certain conditions, releases spores that can be inhaled by nearby animals or people. Once they enter the lungs, the spores transform into large thick walled broad-based budding yeast that multiply within the lung and other tissues of the infected animal. Thus, the dimorphic state of B. dermatitidis is defined by its growth as a mold in the environment and a yeast in tissue. If it continues to multiply in the lung, blastomycosis can cause significant pulmonary disease (pneumonia) in animals and people. The yeast also have a tendency to disseminate to other sites in the body, particularly to the skin, eyes, and joints in dogs, and sometimes to the skin in people. Like other systemic dimorphic fungal pathogens (i.e., Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidoides immitis B. dermatitidis

17. Blastomycosis Acquired Occupationally During Prairie Dog Relocation -- Colorado, blastomycosis Acquired Occupationally During Prairie Dog Relocation Colorado, 1998. DiSalvo AF. The epidemiology of blastomycosis. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056465.htm

Blastomycosis Acquired Occupationally During Prairie Dog Relocation Colorado, 1998 On August 31, 1998, two suspected cases of fungal pneumonia were reported to the Boulder County (Colorado) Health Department (BCHD). Both patients were immunocompetent, otherwise healthy adults working for the City of Boulder Open Space (CBOS) program on a prairie dog relocation project. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation by BCHD, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, and CDC; the findings indicate that these two persons acquired blastomycosis in Colorado, which is outside the area where the disease is endemic. Case Investigations Patient 1. On August 28, a 25-year-old man was admitted to a hospital with a 12-day history of fever, weight loss, fatigue, arthralgias, and productive cough. He had been treated by a private physician with two antibiotics during the preceding 8 days. On hospital admission, a computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated bilateral pulmonary diffuse nodular opacities. A subsequent open lung biopsy revealed small budding yeasts. After 10 days of culture, Blastomyces dermatitidis was identified and confirmed by DNA probe (GenProbe, San Diego, California *), both at the local hospital laboratory and at CDC. The patient was treated with intravenous (IV) amphotericin B for 10 days, followed by a prescribed 6-month course of oral itraconazole. Follow-Up Investigation The two ill persons had worked together on the prairie dog relocation project on August 3 and 10 (14 and 7 days before onset of illness for patient 1). Work practices at the relocation site included using a gasoline-powered auger and hand trowels to excavate abandoned prairie dog tunnels and burrows that were being used by many other animal species. The workers did not use personal protective equipment (e.g., protective clothing or face masks). All 15 workers involved in the project were interviewed. The two ill persons had performed vigorous digging, created large amounts of dust, and spent 6-7 hours each day with their faces close to the dirt. It rained on 13 of the 15 days during July 22-August 5 (Colorado State University Climate Center, unpublished data, 1998); Boulder received 4.4 inches of rain during this period (normal rainfall for July and August combined is 3.3 inches).

18. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 158, Systemic Fungal Diseases BR blastomycosis (North American blastomycosis; Gilchrist s Disease). Symptoms and Signs. Acute, selflimited blastomycosis is seldom recognized clinically. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter158/158d.jsp

19. Blastomycosis blastomycosis. blastomycosis. " blastomycosis, a potentially fatal infection affecting multiple vital organs responsible for blastomycosis lives as a mold in soil and periodically http://lonestar.texas.net/~colby/blasto.htm

20. THE MERCK MANUALSECOND HOME EDITION, Blastomycosis In Ch. 197 blastomycosis. blastomycosis (North American blastomycosis, Gilchrist s disease) is infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec17/ch197/ch197c.jsp

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