1. MedlinePlus: Insect Bites And Stings Insect bites and stings. Printerfriendly version, E-mail this page to a friend. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on • Insect bites and stings. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/insectbitesandstings.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Insect Bites and Stings Contents of this page: General/Overviews Prevention/Screening Treatment Organizations ... Teenagers Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Insect Bites and Stings You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Bites and Stings Dengue Lyme Disease Malaria ... Injuries and Wounds General/Overviews Insect Bites and Stings (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Venomous Critters Prevention/Screening How to Use Insect Repellents Safely (Environmental Protection Agency) Insect Repellent Use and Safety: Questions and Answers (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Also available in: Spanish Mosquito Repellents: To DEET or Not to DEET (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Stinging Insects in the Garden (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Specific Conditions/Aspects Can I Get Infected with HIV from Mosquitoes? (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Mosquito Bites: What's a Normal Reaction?

2. WELCOME TO THE CITY OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA Introduction and guide from the City of Phoenix, Arizona on snake, insect, gila monster and africanized honey bee bites. http://www.ci.phoenix.az.us/FIRE/bitessna.html

MAYOR/CITY COUNCIL BY DEPARTMENT BY SERVICES EMPLOYMENT ... HOME Search Calendar Maps Service Directory Word Search BITES AND STINGS Snakes Gila Monsters Insect / Spider Bites Africanized Honey Bees SNAKES About 45,000 people are bitten by snakes every year in the United States. Of those, 7,000 involve poisonous snakes, and of those treated, only about 15 die. More than half of the poisonous snakebites involve children, and most occur between April and October. Of the poisonous bites in the United States, 55 percent are from rattlesnakes, 34 percent from copperheads, 10 percent from water moccasins, and onepercent from coral snakes. Rattlesnake bites account for 70 percent of the fatalities and between 95 and 98 percent of the bites occur on extremities. Each year the Samaritan Regional Poison Center has more than 65 calls about rattlesnake bites. There are 11 species of rattlesnakes identified in Arizona. A pit viper snake has a heat sensing "pit" located between the nostril and eye on each side that is used to locate and trail prey. Rattlesnakes can grow up to six feet in length. Baby rattlesnakes are capable of a venomous bite from birth. Nonpoisonous snakebites are not considered serious and are generally treated as minor wounds; only poisonous snakebites are considered medical emergencies. Symptoms generally occur immediately, but only about one third of all bites manifest symptoms. When no symptoms occur, probably no venom was injected into the victim. In 50 percent of coral snake bites, no venom is injected because the coral snake has to chew the skin for envenomation to occur. In as many as 25 percent of all venomous pit viper bites, no venom is injected, possibly because the fangs may be injured, the venom sacs may be empty at the time of the bite, or the snake may not use the fangs when it strikes. Poisonous snakebite venom contains some of the most complex toxins known; venoms can affect the central nervous system, brain, heart, kidneys, and blood.

3. Entomology - Bites And Stings Of Medically Important Venomous Arthropods bites and stings of medically important venomous arthropods. Richard S. Vetter and P. Kirk Visscher. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA toxicology of arthropod venoms and poisons 1 2, as well as an excellent quick guide to bites and stings of arthropods 3 http://spiders.ucr.edu/dermatol.html

Bites and Stings of medically important venomous arthropods Richard S. Vetter and P. Kirk Visscher Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Published in the International Journal of Dermatology, volume 37, page 481-496, July 1998, INTRODUCTION Toxicologically, there is far more diversity in spider venoms than in the venoms of Hymenoptera and scorpions, so that the correct identification of spider bites has special significance. Spiders are rarely correctly identified by bite victims or their physicians and are readily transported by human commerce out of their native range. There are stellar reviews of the toxicology of arthropod venoms and poisons , as well as an excellent quick guide to bites and stings of arthropods BITE VS. STING THE STINGING HYMENOPTERA Evolution of the sting The most common stinging animals are in the insect order Hymenoptera (meaning "veil wings"), which includes the bees, wasps and ants. The most primitive Hymenoptera possess ovipositors to insert eggs into plant tissue. In some parasitic groups this structure and glands associated with it have been modified to inject venom to paralyze other insects which are used as food by the developing larvae. (These parasitic wasps comprise the largest number of species in the Hymenoptera, and are extremely beneficial to agriculture as biological control agents of agricultural pest insects.) The stings of these parasitic wasps are not usually very painful to humans, and their venom has low mammalian toxicity

4. The Physician And Sportsmedicine: Managing Arthropod Bites And Stings Managing Arthropod bites and stings. Robert L. Norris, MD. THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE VOL 26 - NO. 7 - JULY 98 In Brief Most arthropod bites and stings cause limited swelling, itching http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1998/07jul/norris.htm

Managing Arthropod Bites and Stings Robert L. Norris, MD THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE - VOL 26 - NO. 7 - JULY 98 In Brief: Most arthropod bites and stings cause limited swelling, itching, pain, and redness and can be managed by ice application and tetanus prophylaxis as necessary. Stings by bees, wasps, and stinging ants can cause anaphylaxis that may require treatment with epinephrine and antihistamines and respiratory and cardiac maintenance measures. Widow spider bite management is controversial, but interventions for systemic reactions include calcium gluconate, methocarbamol, diazepam, narcotics, and antivenom. Victims of brown spider bites may need hospitalization if lesions enlarge rapidly or there are signs of systemic poisoning. Those stung by a bark scorpion may require oxygen, an intravenous line, pulse oximetry, and cardiac monitoring. W hen we think of sports-related hazards, we generally imagine blunt trauma, heat-related illness, or even rare occurrences such as lightning strikes. We seldom think of arthropods, those little, multilegged creatures whose bites and stings can make life unpleasantor precipitate life-threatening reactions. Knowing and implementing appropriate in-the-field and hospital treatments can make life less miserable for those who have minor reactions and may help save the lives of the few who have severe allergic reactions. Hymenoptera The stinging insects that belong to the order Hymenoptera include bees; yellow jackets, hornets, and other wasps; and stinging ants (see "Hymenoptera: Bees, Wasps, and Ants," below). Hymenoptera stings cause an estimated 40 to 150 deaths each year in the United States alone (1), the vast majority of which are due to anaphylactic reactions. Approximately 1 in every 200 people is dangerously allergic to Hymenoptera venom and therefore at risk for fatal anaphylaxis (2).

5. BITES AND STINGS Back to Homoeopathic First Responder * bites and stings. Animal bites can cause serious tissue damage as well as infection. Any time there is a bite by an animal there is a danger of rabies and tetanus. This remedy is useful for bites and stings where there is rapid swelling and violent symptoms http://www.simillimum.com/FirstAid/TheFirstResponder/FirstAidin/BitesandStings.h

THE HOMOEOPATHIC FIRST RESPONDER Back to Homoeopathic First Responder BITES AND STINGS Materia Medica APIS (2*). This remedy is indicated when a Many feel that this remedy is a specific for bee stings as it is made from the honey bee. This remedy has been used for anaphylactic shock from bee and other stings. It is useful in the stings of jelly fish and centipedes. The individual may become drowsy, confused, and apathetic. They are also thirstless. ARSENICUM (2). Indicated when a bite has become infected by dead tissue or animal substances have remained in the wound causing sepsis. The lesion takes on a dark, black, unhealthy look and moves toward gangrene. The patient becomes restless anxious, fussy and is prostrated. It is useful in poisonous spider bites that take of a blackish hue. BEllADONNA (2). This remedy is useful for bites and stings where there is rapid swelling and violent symptoms. There is redness, heat, throbbing, and burning, or redness spreading out in streaks. The face is flushed, eyes glaring, pupils dilated, the body fevered, and an excited mental state. There may even be delirium where the individual becomes furious, rages, and bites and strikes. It is often use in the bites of dogs and is reputed to be useful in the prevention and treatment of rabies (Lyssin). CALADIUM (1). This remedy is recommended for those individuals who seem to have a

6. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Insect Bites And Stings Insect bites and stings. Considerations Return to top. In most cases, bites and stings can be easily treated at home. However, some http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000033.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Insect bites and stings Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Considerations ... Prevention Illustrations Bedbug - close-up Black widow spider Body louse Flea ... Insect bites and stings Alternative names Return to top Bedbug bite; Bee sting; Bites - insects, bees, and spiders; Black widow spider bite; Brown recluse bite; Flea bite; Honey bee or hornet sting; Lice bites; Mite bite; Scorpion bite; Spider bite; Wasp sting; Yellow jacket sting Definition Return to top The bite from fire ants and the sting from bees, wasps, and hornets usually cause an immediate painful skin reaction. Mosquitoes, fleas, mites, and spiders have bites that are more likely to cause itching than pain. Considerations Return to top In most cases, bites and stings can be easily treated at home. However, some people have a severe allergic reaction to insect bites and stings. This is a life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis , and it requires urgent emergency care. Severe reactions can affect the whole body and may occur very quickly, often within minutes. These severe reactions can be rapidly fatal if untreated. Call 911 if you are with someone who has trouble breathing or goes into

7. MedlinePlus: Bites And Stings K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ List of All Topics. bites and stings Insect bites and stings . Monkeypox Virus Infections http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bitesandstings.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Bites and Stings Contents of this page: General/Overviews Prevention/Screening Treatment Organizations ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Bites and Stings You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Insect Bites and Stings Monkeypox Virus Infections Rabies Immune System/AIDS ... Injuries and Wounds General/Overviews "Don't Worry, They Won't Bite" (American Veterinary Medical Association) Bitten or Stung? Here's What to Do (Mayo Clinic) Prevention/Screening Animal-Associated Hazards (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Dog Bite Prevention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Snakebites: Reducing Your Risk (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also available in: Spanish Specific Conditions/Aspects Animal Bites (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Cat Scratch Disease (Nemours Foundation) Day at the Beach: Marine Dermatology (American Academy of Dermatology) Human Bites (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Treatment Bites and Scratches (Nemours Foundation) Also available in: Spanish Cat and Dog Bites (American Academy of Family Physicians) For Goodness Snakes! Treating and Preventing Venomous Bites

8. West Virginia Poison Center 1-800-222-1222 Provides emergency treatment advice on accidental exposures to medications and household substances, plant ingestions, snake, spider and other insect bites and stings, chemical spills, occupational exposures, and drug overdoses. http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/charleston/wvpc

West Virginia Poison Center The West Virginia Poison Center provides comprehensive emergency poison information, prevention, and educational resources to West Virginians 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Each call to the poison center is answered by a Specialist in Poison Information who is specially trained in the management of poisoning emergencies. To contact the West Virginia Poison Center dial: Please email Rina Foy with any comments/suggestions regarding the WVPC website at Rina Foy. Please do NOT email poison emergency questions but call the toll free emergency hotline listed above. About the WVPC Hospitals We Serve Educational Materials Your Home Plants Bites and Stings Hazardous Materials Lead Poisoning Inhalant Abuse Pets K i d s C o r n e r Links "Prevention Central" - Your Community Bulletin Board Poison Prevention Week Test Your Poison IQ Governor Announces New Telephone Number Media Information Satisfaction Survey var test=0; document.write("<");document.write("! ");

9. Insect Bites And Stings This health education site explains all you need to know about insect bites and stings, including prevention, selfcare, specific recommendations for effective non-prescription treatments, and there are dozens of insects whose bites or stings cause problems, we will simplify this For insect bites and stings, there are two types of prevention repellents and avoidance http://www.quickcare.org/skin/insect.html

Since there are dozens of insects whose bites or stings cause problems, we will simplify this topic by splitting them into two categories: venomous and non-venomous. The charts below explain the main differences. Biting/Stinging Insects Venomous Non-Venomous Wasps Hornets Yellow Jackets All Bees Fire Ants Chiggers Fleas Lice Scabies Bed Bugs Ticks Mosquitoes Characteristics of Bites/Stings Symptoms Venomous Non-Venomous Itching Pain Allergic reactions Swelling/redness Sometimes Always Common Can be intense Always Uncommon Rare Mild or absent What's the Difference Between a Bite and a Sting? The differences are due to the nature of the bite or sting. Venomous insects attack as a defense mechanism, injecting painful, toxic venom through their stingers to punish you so you’ll stay away next time. Non-venomous insects bite and usually inject anti-coagulant saliva in order to feed on your blood. Although local irritation and "allergic" reactions do occur from non-venomous bites, severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock only happen from venom stings. When honey bees sting, they leave the stinger and venom sack attached (see the box on stinger removal in the

10. Insect Bites And Stings This health education site explains all you need to know about insect bites and stings, including prevention, selfcare, specific recommendations for effective http://quickcare.org/skin/insect.html

Since there are dozens of insects whose bites or stings cause problems, we will simplify this topic by splitting them into two categories: venomous and non-venomous. The charts below explain the main differences. Biting/Stinging Insects Venomous Non-Venomous Wasps Hornets Yellow Jackets All Bees Fire Ants Chiggers Fleas Lice Scabies Bed Bugs Ticks Mosquitoes Characteristics of Bites/Stings Symptoms Venomous Non-Venomous Itching Pain Allergic reactions Swelling/redness Sometimes Always Common Can be intense Always Uncommon Rare Mild or absent What's the Difference Between a Bite and a Sting? The differences are due to the nature of the bite or sting. Venomous insects attack as a defense mechanism, injecting painful, toxic venom through their stingers to punish you so you’ll stay away next time. Non-venomous insects bite and usually inject anti-coagulant saliva in order to feed on your blood. Although local irritation and "allergic" reactions do occur from non-venomous bites, severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock only happen from venom stings. When honey bees sting, they leave the stinger and venom sack attached (see the box on stinger removal in the

11. Flairpath Are The Sole UK Distributors Of Aspivenin, Bringing Instant And Painle Aspivenin brings relief to all types of bites and stings, including those from insects, wasps, bees, snakes, and spiders. Includes ordering instructions. http://www.flairpath.com

International distributors of: Flairpath Marketing are International distributors of Aspivenin®, a unique and natural treatment that brings instant relief from bites and stings. Aspivenin is a special vacuum mini-pump that painlessly draws poison from insect stings and insect bites . The Aspivenin treatment works on all bites and stings as well as snake bites, bee stings, wasp stings, mosquito bites, spider bites, jellyfish and scorpion stings, and snakebites. Aspivenin is the ideal product for all travellers and holidaymakers. Over 5 million are now in use throughout the world. For full information about Aspivenin and how it can treat all bites and stings , click here: Aspivenin Aspivenin® is now available to customers worldwide via our secure credit card ordering and international mail order service on our Order Page. Flairpath Limited, 6 Dunedin Drive, Caterham, Surrey CR3 6BA, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1883 342254 Fax: +44 (0) 1883 341172 E-mail: sales@flairpath.com Aspivenin Testimonials

12. Bites And Stings Updated March 2004. Allergic Reaction to bites and stings HealthInsite Topic Page Links to information about allergic reactions to bites and stings. http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Bites_and_Stings

Bites and Stings HI Topics Map Child Safety Coping in a Crisis Insite topic page below. Allergic Reaction to Bites and Stings HealthInsite Topic Page Links to information about allergic reactions to bites and stings. 31 Resources Found Bites from animals Child and Youth Health (South Australia) Have you ever been bitten by an animal, or do you know someone who has? Lots of kids are afraid of dogs, especially when they are very little, but if you treat them in the right way, most animals are not likely to bite you. But if you do get bitten, this page tells you what to do. Bites and stings Child and Youth Health (South Australia) Find out about why insects bite and sting, what happens and what to do when you are bitten or stung, and how to avoid getting bitten or stung. Pets Child and Youth Health (South Australia) Pets can be very important in children's lives. While there can be risks to a child's health from being with a pet - from things like scratches and bites, asthma and allergies, fleas and lice, and illnesses caused by animal droppings - these risks can usually be managed so that your child can enjoy having a pet in the family. Mar 2004 Management of snake and spider bites NSW Department of Health Information on snake and spider bites, selecting the correct antivenom for snake bites, first aid for spider bites and hospital treatment.

13. Insect Bites And Stings Insect bites and stings can spread disease and cause pain and irritation Insect Bites Stings. Insect bites can inject offensive or Seek medical attention for scorpion stings, multiple bites http://www.insect-repellent.net/bites-stings.htm

Insect bites can inject offensive or defensive poisons, or anticoagulants Offensive Poisons Offensive Poisons are used to disable or kill a potential meal. Used by spiders and some wasps, these stings can cause dizziness, difficulty breathing, swelling and pain. Tissue and/or nerve damage may result, especially if left untreated. Seek medical treatment if stung by a venomous spider such as Black Widow or Brown Recluse. Defensive Poisons Defensive Poisons are used to discourage intruders from disturbing nests, hives or young, or for self-defense. Used by Ants, Bees, Wasps, Hornets, Yellow-Jackets, and Scorpions, these stings cause pain lasting a short time (usually 5 to 15 minutes), swelling, and possible allergic reaction. Seek medical attention for scorpion stings, multiple bites or stings, or if signs of allergic reaction develop, especially in children. Though rare, these reactions can be dangerous. Anticoagulants Anticoagulants are designed to prevent a victim's blood from clotting and closing a wound after being bitten, so the insect or arachnid can drink it. Used by Biting Flies, Mosquitoes, Fleas, Ticks, and Chiggers, it's most common effects on the human victim include itching (which is the body's reaction to the anticoagulant), pain from tearing of the skin in the case of mosquito and fly bites (ticks and chiggers don't cause pain because they insert their mouthparts so slowly), and possible allergic reaction. Seek medical attention if significant swelling appears in the area of the bite, or if fever develops. Some people are allergic to antigens found in insect saliva.

14. Allergic Reaction To Bites And Stings Allergic Reaction to bites and stings. Links to resources about allergic reactions to bites and stings. For information about anaphylactic http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Allergic_Reaction_to_Bites_and_Stings

Allergic Reaction to Bites and Stings HI Topics Map Allergies and Hypersensitivities Bites and Stings Links to resources about allergic reactions to bites and stings. For information about anaphylactic reactions follow the link to the Health Insite Created December 2003 Anaphylaxis HealthInsite Topic Page Links to resources about anaphylaxis (sudden, severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction) and what you should do in an emergency. 8 Resources Found Child safety - children and animals Better Health Channel A family pet can be fun, but children should be supervised near animals and taught how to play safely with pets. Sep 2003 Bedbugs Better Health Channel Bedbugs infest dirty houses, particularly mattresses, and feed off human blood. Their bite typically causes a large, reddened and itchy wheal. Treatment options include anaesthetic creams and icepacks. Jun 2003 European wasp Better Health Channel Unlike a bee, that can only sting once, the European wasp can sting repeatedly. Around one in 10 people who are stung two or more times become allergic, which means they will experience severe reactions to any subsequent stings. Mar 2003 Pets - keeping yourself safe Child and Youth Health (South Australia) There are lots of good things for children about having and caring for pets. Playing with and cuddling pets is part of the fun of having them but there are some things to remember if you want to keep yourself safe.

15. Don't Let The Bugs Bite bites and stings from insects, including spiders, ticks, mites, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ants, bees, and wasps, are common in children. Know how to prevent and treat common ones, and when to not over react. http://pediatrics.about.com/library/weekly/aa060201a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Pediatrics Home Essentials ... Pediatric Problem Solver zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); A - Z Index Ask a Pediatrician Find a Doctor Question of the Week ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Pediatrics newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Pediatrics Email to a friend Print this page Stay Current Subscribe to the About Pediatrics newsletter. Pediatric Resources West Nile Virus Information Summertime Infections Sun Protection Avoiding Bug Bites Insect Repellents with DEET Insect Repellents About Insect Allergies Elsewhere on the Web Fighting Fleas and Ticks Insect Stings and Bites Most Popular Girl Baby Names - Find a Name Boy Baby Names - Find a Name Stranger Danger Quiz - Can your kids recognize strangers? Ideal Body Weight Calculator for Kids and Adults ... How tall will your kids be? What's Hot Eating Disorders Screening Quiz -Do your kids have an eating... Car Seat Safety Quiz Is Your Child's Backpack Too Heavy? Children's Car Seat Safety Guide ... Types of Poisonous Snakes Don't Let the Bugs Bite From Vincent Iannelli, M.D.

16. The Buzz On Insect Bites And Stings Generally, insect bites and stings are harmless. KidsHealth Teens Staying Safe First Aid Injuries The Buzz on Insect bites and stings. http://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/first_aid/bug_bites.html

KidsHealth Teens Staying Safe Insect bites and stings are, for the most part, no more unpleasant than a homework assignment - kind of annoying but basically harmless. However, it's important to be aware of what the dangers are for yourself or for anyone you're sharing the outdoors with. You should know when a simple ice pack can bring some relief or when a visit to the local hospital is in order. Read on to find out what you can do to keep those pesky bugs off you and how to keep them from ruining your picnic. The Sting - Who to Watch Out For Know your enemy. Before you find out how to handle your unwelcome guests, come meet the critters who want a little piece of you. Mosquitoes aren't anything to worry about for most people. The rumor that these bugs carry diseases like malaria is usually true only in developing countries. These pests are found anywhere people, food, or pools of still water are found. Generally they bite, you itch, end of story. However, there is some concern about West Nile virus, which is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. The good news is that healthy kids, teens, and adults under 50 years of age are at low risk of catching West Nile virus. And although the virus can put people at risk for developing a serious infection called encephalitis , only 1% to 2% of the people infected with West Nile virus develop any symptoms at all.

17. Hobospider.Org Main Page An informational website dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the hobo spider, other biting and stinging organisms, bites and stings, and toxins A WORD ABOUT bites and stings. bites and stings causing clinically significant reactions in humans insects that produce immunoreactive bites. Venomous bites and stings are those in http://www.hobospider.org/biteword.html

An informational website dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the hobo spider, other biting and stinging organisms, bites and stings, and toxins Click here to go to www.hobospider.org

18. Hobospider.Org Main Page informational website dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the hobo spider, other biting and stinging organisms, bites and stings, and toxins. http://hobospider.org/biteword.html

An informational website dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the hobo spider, other biting and stinging organisms, bites and stings, and toxins Click here to go to hobospider.org

19. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 23, Ch. 308, Bites And Stings Chapter 308. bites and stings. Topics. Venomous Snakes Often, a fire ant bites to anchor itself to its victim and stings repeatedly as it moves its body in an arc http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section23/chapter308/308d.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 23. Poisoning Chapter 308. Bites And Stings Topics Venomous Snakes Venomous Lizards Spiders Bees, Wasps, Yellow Jackets, Hornets, Ants ... Marine Animals Bees, Wasps, Yellow Jackets, Hornets, Ants Insects that sting are members of the order Hymenoptera of the class Insecta. There are two major subgroups: apids (honeybees, bumblebees) and vespids (wasps, yellow jackets, hornets). The fire ant is a nonwinged member of Hymenoptera. Apids are docile and usually do not sting unless provoked. The stinger of the honeybee has multiple barbs, which usually detach after a sting. The venom of apids contains phospholipase A , hyaluronidase, apamin, melittin, and kinins. Vespids have few barbs and can inflict multiple stings. Vespid venom contains phospholipase, hyaluronase, and a protein termed antigen 5. Yellow jackets are the major cause of allergic reactions to insect stings in the USA. Africanized honeybees (so-called killer bees) are a more aggressive type of honeybee that have migrated from South America to some southern states. Their venom is not more potent than that of other honeybees, but by attacking persons in swarms, killer bees cause a more severe reaction. Imported fire ants account for thousands of stings each year in the South, particularly in the Gulf region. There are several species (eg

20. Bites And Stings bites and stings. Topics on this page include What is the immediate treatment for bites or stings? How can stings and bites be prevented? Ants. http://wellness.ucdavis.edu/safety_info/poison_prevention/poison_book/bites_and_

Bites and Stings Topics on this page include: What is the immediate treatment for bites or stings? How can stings and bites be prevented? Ants Bees, hornets, wasps ... Northwestern brown spider or the hobo spider E very year, thousands of calls are made to the Poison Center regarding insect bite information or treatment advice. While all insects can bite or sting, some are more bothersome and dangerous than others. Bites from fleas, mosquitoes and the common horsefly can cause pain, itching and swelling at the site - an unpleasant experience but not necessarily dangerous, unless an infection occurs. What is the immediate treatment for bites or stings? If breathing difficulties, difficult swallowing and/or body-wide itching develop, the patient is having a severe allergic reaction. Immediately call 9-1-1 for assistance. Otherwise, wash the bite or sting area well with soap and water to help prevent infection. If stung or bitten on fingers or hand, remove any rings or jewelry in case of swelling. Your local pharmacist can help you select the best over-the-counter medications to help treat insect and spider bites. How can stings and bites be prevented?

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