81. HealingWell.com - Parkinson's Disease the basal ganglia and the right parietal lobe, that are key to measuring time.They hope the discovery will help them treat Parkinson s disease, Attention http://healingwellparkinsons.subportal.com/health/Diseases_and_Conditions/Brain/

Search Site: Search Web: HealthPortal Diseases and Conditions Brain Our Inner Clock Our Inner Clock Study pinpoints where in your brain time is processed By Janice Billingsley HealthScout Reporter THURSDAY, March 1 (HealthScout) They say timing is everything, and now doctors have figured out how your brain keeps its eye on the clock. Using sophisticated brain scans, scientists have identified the two parts of the brain, called the basal ganglia and the right parietal lobe, that are key to measuring time. They hope the discovery will help them treat Parkinson's disease, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Huntington's disease, all of which weaken time perception for their sufferers. "Now we have a diagnostic technique that will allow us to measure the activity of basal ganglia as a way, not only to evaluate the effectiveness of existing treatments, but to evaluate novel treatments," says lead investigator Stephen Rao. The results of the study appear in the current issue of Nature Neuroscience . The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health. "I think it's a very interesting result, but unexpected," says Dr. Roger Albin, a University of Michigan neurology professor who studies the basal ganglia. Most literature, he says, points to the cerebellum as the site for time perception.

82. Re: Basal Ganglia Betty P. The only info I came across was that the disorders of the basal ganglia(extrapyramidaldisorders These symptoms are as those in Parkinson s Disease. http://www.healthboards.com/parkinsons-disease/2603.html

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83. Health, Conditions And Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Brain Diseases, Basal G HealthConditions and DiseasesRare Disorders. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome InformationService Information about the service as well as the disease itself. http://www.combose.com/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Bra

Top Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Related links of interest: Health:Conditions and Diseases:Rare Disorders Emergency Medicine - An in depth look at neuroleptic malignant syndrome beginning with an introduction. Authored by Theodore Benzer MD. NINDS Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Information Page - Compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NORD: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Information Service - Information about the service as well as the disease itself. Includes research, a hot line and references. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Clinical features, the pathophysiology and treatment. Virtual Hospital: Clinical Psychopharmacology Seminar - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Includes an introduction, the etiology, clinical features, complications, incidence, risk factors and treatment. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a potentially fatal reaction to any of a group of antipsychotic drugs or major tranquilizers (neuroleptics). Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.

84. HONselect - Parkinson Disease, Secondary Browse other medical images in HONmedia? MeSH Broader term(s) Brain diseases. Otherhealth news. MeSH Broader term(s) Nervous System diseases. http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/Selection/C10.228.140.079.862.800.html

All Web sites HONcode sites HONselect News ... Images HONselect Search English French German Spanish Portuguese the word the part of word in MeSH term in MeSH term and description Contents on "Parkinson Disease, Secondary": MeSH hierarchy and definition Research Articles Web resources Medical Images Medical News Medical Conferences Clinical Trials MeSH Hierarchy English French German Spanish Portuguese MeSH Broader term(s) Diseases Nervous System Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Movement Disorders Parkinsonian Disorders Brain Diseases Basal Ganglia Diseases Parkinsonian Disorders Parkinson Disease, Secondary MeSH definition Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42) Subheadings : complications / diagnosis / embryology / epidemiology / etiology / metabolism / microbiology / surgery / therapy MeSH Narrow term(s) MPTP Poisoning Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic

85. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES Middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral parts of the cerebral hemisphere, basalganglia, and the anterior limb of the HYPERTENSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE. http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neuropathology/Neuropath_I/isch.h

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES STROKE A stroke is defined as a neurologic deficit with sudden onset due to vascular disease. It is clinical (not pathological) definition. CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA Cerebral ischemia is a decrease in cerebral blood flow with resultant decrease in cerebral oxygenation. The brain is totally dependent upon aerobic metabolism. It receives 15% of the resting cardiac output and accounts for 20% 0f the oxygen consumption. Hypoxia, regardless of cause, produces a constant pattern of brain injury; however, the injury may be localized or generalized - resulting in two patterns of Acute Ischemic Injury: Ischemic (hypoxic) Encephalopathy - generalized (global) hypoxic injury Cerebral Infarction - localized hypoxic injury with necrosis When blood flow is decreased, followed by subsequent reperfusion, one may see reversible or irreversible brain damage. Reversible Ischemia Focal Ischemia Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA's) Focal neurologic deficits lasting less than 24 hours. No permanent brain damage results. Theoretically, very severe or prolonged focal ischemia can cause infarction:

86. Smith Lab Projects And Grants and electrophysiologic effects of these receptors on various populations of basalganglia neurons in normal monkeys and animal models of Parkinsons s disease. http://www.emory.edu/NEUROSCIENCE/Smith/LabProjects.htm

Research Description and Grant Support for the Smith Laboratory GRANT SUPPORT R01-NS37423-01 (PI Smith, Yoland) 1998-2003 Glutamate and GABA-A Receptors in the Basal Ganglia Ali: GABA-A receptors in GP Maryse: Group I mGluRs in striatum Masa: Group I mGluRs in STN Adriana: GABA-A receptors in STN Lily: Group II mGluRs in basal ganglia Jesse: Group I mGluRs in GP R01-NS 37423-01-Supplement PD May 2001-May 2002 R01-NS 37948-01- (PI Smith, Yoland) 1998-2002 (due for renewal) Mamadou Jeff US Army Grant-1999/2003 Ali: Pre-synaptic kainate receptors Jeremy: EM localization kainate receptors with immunogold James/Rochelle: Post-synaptic targets of KAR- containing terminals P50-NS38399-01-1999/2004 (PI, DeLong, Mahlon; Conn, Jeff) Olga: Physiology of mGluRs in GP Lily: Group II and III mGluRs in rat GP Walt: Group I mGluRs in rat SN Ali: GABA-B Receptors localization in BG Adriana: # GABA-B Localization in STN # Microdialysis in GP and STN James: Effects of GABA-B agonists in PD monkeys NIH grant 2001/2006 Stephanie: CART in accumbo-nigral system Jeremy: CART in monkey accumbens PENDING GRANT APPLICATIONS

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