61. Media Contact Mindy Baxter production because the symptoms of Gulf War syndrome strongly resemble early symptomsof wellstudied degenerative diseases of the basal ganglia like Huntington http://www.swmed.edu/home_pages/epidemi/gws/dopamine.htm

Media Contact: Mindy Baxter melinda.baxter@email.swmed.edu BRAIN CELL DAMAGE UNDERLYING GULF WAR SYNDROME CAUSES ABNORMAL BRAIN DOPAMINE PRODUCTION, STUDY SHOWS DALLAS – Sept. 14, 2000 – In a study released today, researchers say they have found a strong link between brain cell loss on the left side of the brain in sick Gulf War veterans and abnormal over-production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter chemical important in such conditions as degenerative brain diseases. The UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas study, published in the American Medical Association’s Archives of Neurology , links brain cell loss in the left basal ganglia of sick Gulf War veterans with out-of-control production of a brain neurotransmitter chemical called dopamine. With fewer total brain cells, the remaining dopamine-producing cells become over-responsive and produce too much dopamine. “This finding gives increased importance to our earlier brain scan evidence of brain damage in these veterans," said Dr. Robert Haley, professor of internal medicine and holder of the U.S. Armed Forces Veterans Distinguished Chair for Medical Research, Honoring America’s Gulf War Veterans. “Showing that the degree of brain cell injury directly affects the level of brain dopamine production indicates that the brain damage is having a real effect on these veterans’ brain function and is not just a coincidental finding.” In the June issue of Radiology , UT Southwestern researchers reported that sick Gulf War veterans had 9 percent fewer brain cells in the left basal ganglia than healthy veterans. Previous research has shown that brain damage in the left basal ganglia causes a dramatic increase in dopamine production, while brain damage in the right basal ganglia has less effect.

62. Basal Ganglia Calcification a CHORUS notecard document about basal ganglia calcification Disclaimer. Feedback. Search. basal ganglia calcification. idiopathic normal variant http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00036.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Nervous system Feedback Search basal ganglia calcification idiopathic: normal variant abnormal calcium metabolism hyperparathyroidism hypo- pseudohypo- , and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism ToRCHS infection (esp. CMV, toxo) tuberous sclerosis Cockayne syndrome Fahr syndrome (ferrocalcinosis) lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis) Charles E. Kahn, Jr., MD - 2 February 1995 Last updated 26 May 2004 Medical College of Wisconsin

63. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia Functional Anatomy of basal ganglia. Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Professor. Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology. Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Professor. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology. Antoine Bechara, Ph.D. Brain and Nervous System, Diagnostic Imaging, Neurologic DiseasesGeneral, Neurological or Procedures and Therapies. http://www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/BasalGanglia/BasalGanglia.html

Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Professor Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Professor Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Antoine Bechara, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Professor Department of Neurology The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed First Published: October 1998 Last Revised: May 2004 Table of Contents Definitions and Nomenclature Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum Ventral Striatum Pallidum and Paleostriatum Lentiform Neucleus Extrapyramidal System Gross Features Neuronal Populations Connections Input to Neostriatum Corticostriate Input Thalamostriate Input Mesencephalostriate Input Output of Neostriatum Input to Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of External Segment of Globus Pallidus Subthalamic Nucleus Connections Connections of Ventral (Limbic) Striatum Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Loops Function Blood Supply Clinical Correlates Chorea Athetosis Ballism Dystonia Motor Tics Parkinson's Disease Tables Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Figures Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Corticostriate Projections Schematic Diagram of Nigrostriatal Pathway Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Striatopallidal Pathways Schematic Diagram of the Major Connections of the Basal Ganglia ... Coronal Brain Section from a Patient with Huntington's Chorea Showing Atrophy of the Caudate Nucleus See related Provider Textbooks about

64. Basal Ganglia In current usage, the phrase basal ganglia means the caudate nucleus, putamenand When they are altered say in disorders like Huntington disease or Wilson http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/basal.htm

Med.Sci 532 Structure-Function basal ganglia In current usage, the phrase 'basal ganglia' means: the caudate nucleus putamen and globus pallidus They are functionally important, at a minimum, for controlling voluntary movements and establishing postures . When they are altered - say in disorders like Huntington disease or Wilson disease - the person has unwanted movements, such as involuntary jerking movements of an arm or leg or spasmodic movement of facial muscles. The caudate nucleus and putamen along with the interposed anterior limb of the internal capsule are collectively known as the corpus striatum (i.e. striated body) because of their appearance. Similarly, the shape of the putamen and globus pallidus resembles a lens, and they are collectively called the lenticular nucleus Back to Coronal View Wilson Disease Huntington Disease Tourette Syndrome ... WWAMI

65. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia Definitions and Nomenclature basal ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Striatum, DorsalStriatum and Chorea; Athetosis; Ballism; Dystonia; Motor Tics; Parkinson s Disease. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BasalGanglia/BasalGanglia.html

Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Professor Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Professor Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Antoine Bechara, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Professor Department of Neurology The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed First Published: October 1998 Last Revised: May 2004 Table of Contents Definitions and Nomenclature Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum Ventral Striatum Pallidum and Paleostriatum Lentiform Neucleus Extrapyramidal System Gross Features Neuronal Populations Connections Input to Neostriatum Corticostriate Input Thalamostriate Input Mesencephalostriate Input Output of Neostriatum Input to Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of External Segment of Globus Pallidus Subthalamic Nucleus Connections Connections of Ventral (Limbic) Striatum Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Loops Function Blood Supply Clinical Correlates Chorea Athetosis Ballism Dystonia Motor Tics Parkinson's Disease Tables Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Figures Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Corticostriate Projections Schematic Diagram of Nigrostriatal Pathway Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Striatopallidal Pathways Schematic Diagram of the Major Connections of the Basal Ganglia ... Coronal Brain Section from a Patient with Huntington's Chorea Showing Atrophy of the Caudate Nucleus See related Provider Textbooks about

66. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia: Clinical Corre Two types of movements are associated with basal ganglia 1) Hyperkinetic, characterized ininitiation of movement (akinesia) as seen in Parkinson s disease. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BasalGanglia/08ClinicalCorrelates.html

For Providers Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia VIII. Clinical Correlates Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Antoine Bechara, Ph.D. Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Disorders of the basal ganglia and the extrapyramidal system are manifested by involuntary movements that characteristically disappears in sleep. Two types of movements are associated with basal ganglia: 1) Hyperkinetic, characterized by excessive involuntary movements such as seen in chorea, athetosis, ballism, dystonia, and motor tics. 2) Hypokinetic (bradykinetic), characterized by paucity of movement, or by difficulty in initiation of movement (akinesia) as seen in Parkinson's disease. Chorea This hyperkinetic disorder is characterized by involuntary, sudden, frequent, and purposeless jerks of the extremities, head, and trunk associated with facial grimaces. The term is derived from the Greek word for "dance." The pathology in the brain is diffuse and includes the caudate nucleus ( Figure 9 ). Two clinical varieties of chorea are recognized: a benign reversible variety (Sydenham's chorea) that occurs in children as a complication of rheumatic fever, and a malignant hereditary variety (Huntington's chorea) transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, linked to chromosome 4, and characterized with progressive mental and cognitive deterioration. Choreic patients are often unable to sustain a hand grip (milkmaid's grip) or a protruded tongue (trombone tongue).

67. AllRefer Health - Basal Ganglia Dysfunction Numerous brain disorders can cause basal ganglia dysfunction, including Parkinson sdisease, Huntington s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal http://health.allrefer.com/health/basal-ganglia-dysfunction-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com Health Basal Ganglia Dysfunction Basal Ganglia Dysfunction Definition Treatment Expectations or Prognosis Calling Your Health Care Provider ... Go To Main Page Definition Basal ganglia dysfunction involves dysfunction of the basal ganglia, a brain region involved in motor control and movement. Numerous brain disorders can cause basal ganglia dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease progressive supranuclear palsy , corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy Wilson disease , and dystonia In addition, any insult to the brain can potentially damage the basal ganglia including strokes, metabolic abnormalities, liver disease, multiple sclerosis , infections, tumors, drug overdoses or side effects, and head trauma.

68. Parkinson's Disease Tutorial basal ganglia Animation Simulating the System Underlying Parkinson s Disease(To view this animation, you ll need to download the Shockwave plugin). http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/basalgang/

SDSU Home Sciences Home Sciences Site Map Feedback Parkinson's Disease Basal Ganglia Animation Simulating the System Underlying Parkinson's Disease (To view this animation, you'll need to download the Shockwave plugin) Description of this animation What is the importance of this animation? developed for The Freshman Neuroscience Course, Winter 1995 Loma Linda University School of Medicine Course Coordinator: Michael Kirby, Ph.D. For the "Introduction to Motor Systems" lecture of A. Douglas Will, M.D.. Dr. Doug Will was the inspiration behind this animation, and it serves as a great help to medical students. This Shocked animation was created in collaboration with Jeff Sale . If you are interested in obtaining more information about this animation, please send email to jsale@sunstroke.sdsu.edu

69. Basal Ganglia - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms ganglia are abnormal in a number of important neurologic conditions including Parkinsondisease and Huntington disease. The term basal ganglia refers to the http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10030

70. Fahr's Disease Ferrocalcinosis; Fahr Disease; Nonarteriosclerotic Cerebral Calcifications; SPDCalcinosis; Striopallidodentate Calcinosis; Idiopathic basal ganglia Calcification http://my.webmd.com/hw/parkinsons/nord597.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Choose a Topic All Conditions ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Dental Depression Diabetes Eye Health Heart Disease Hepatitis HIV/AIDS Hypertension Men's Conditions Mental Health Migraines/Headaches Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis Parkinson's Sexual Conditions Stroke Weight Control Women's Conditions Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... For a Complete Report Fahr's Disease Important It is possible that the main title of the report Fahr's Disease is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Cerebrovascular Ferrocalcinosis Fahr Disease Nonarteriosclerotic Cerebral Calcifications SPD Calcinosis Striopallidodentate Calcinosis Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (IBGC) Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion According to reports in the medical literature, Fahr's Disease is often familial. Familial Fahr's Disease may be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait or, in other affected families (kindreds), may have autosomal dominant inheritance. In other instances, the condition appears to occur randomly for unknown reasons (sporadically). Some experts suggest that the condition may sometimes result from an unidentified infection during pregnancy affecting the developing fetus (intrauterine infection).

71. Basal Ganglia - Mental Health Terms And Definitions By Health Dictionary The basal ganglia are involved also in the pathophysiology of Parkinson sdisease, Huntington s disease, and tardive dyskinesia. http://www.health-dictionary.com/mental-health-term-details/Basal-ganglia

AIDS / HIV Alzheimer's Disease Cancer Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ... Surgery Terms Other Resources: Nursing Home Resources Science Dictionary Home Health Care Legal Dictionary ... Doc Loan's Advice document.write(lday + ", " +lmonth + " " + date + ", " + year ) Basal ganglia: Clusters of neurons located deep in the brain; they include the caudate nucleus and the putamen (corpus striatum), the globus pallidus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra. The basal ganglia appear to be involved in higher-order aspects of motor control, such as planning and execution of complex motor activity and the speed of movements. Lesions of the basal ganglia produce various types of involuntary movements such as athetosis, chorea, dystonia, and tremor. The basal ganglia are involved also in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and tardive dyskinesia. The internal capsule, containing all the fibers that ascend to or descend from the cortex, runs through the basal ganglia and separates them from the thalamus. More Mental Health Terms A B C ... Z Information and definitions of the medical conditions and diseases have been taken from various reliable government publications and we have done our best to verify their accuracy. If you feel any of the definitions are incorrect or needs to be updated please contact us and we will look into it.

72. Basal Ganglia - Medical Terms And Definitions By Health Dictionary basal ganglia Information and definitions of the medical conditions and diseaseshave been taken from various reliable government publications and we have http://www.health-dictionary.com/medical-term-details/basal-ganglia

AIDS / HIV Alzheimer's Disease Cancer Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ... Surgery Terms Other Resources: Nursing Home Resources Science Dictionary Home Health Care Legal Dictionary ... Doc Loan's Advice document.write(lday + ", " +lmonth + " " + date + ", " + year ) Basal ganglia: Several large clusters of nerve cells, including the striatum and the substantia nigra, deep in the brain below the cerebral hemispheres. More Medical Terms A B C ... Z Information and definitions of the medical conditions and diseases have been taken from various reliable government publications and we have done our best to verify their accuracy. If you feel any of the definitions are incorrect or needs to be updated please contact us and we will look into it. Contact Health Dictionary - Medical and Disease Terms and Definitions 2002-2004. All right are reserved.

73. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Health > ... > Neurological Disorders > Brain Dise basal ganglia Subjects Health Neurological Disorders BrainDiseases basal ganglia. http://www.alexa.com/browse/categories?catid=595050

74. Anton J. Reiner, Ph.D The work in this laboratory focuses on the organization, function, and diseasesof the basal ganglia and visual system, and on the evolution and fundamental http://cns.utmem.edu/faculty/Reiner/Reiner_cv.html

75. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disor News about basal ganglia Dental Pulp Cells May Hold Key To Treatment Of Parkinson sDisease (May 5, 2004) — Cells derived from the inside of a tooth might http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurologica

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76. Basal Ganglia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Disorders linked with the basalganglia; Huntington s Disease and Parkinson s Disease. References. http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/basal_ganglia

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Basal ganglia The basal ganglia is a part of the brain associated with the ability to carry out willed movements, and is therefore important in motor planning. The basal ganglia is comprised of the following areas of the brain: the striatum (consisting of the caudate nucleus and putamen ), the globus pallidus , the substantia nigra , and the subthalamic nucleus. Disorders linked with the basal ganglia; Huntington's Disease and Parkinson's Disease References Nolte, John

77. CRULRG.ParentA.htm development of new therapeutic approaches for various neurodegenerative diseasesthat affect the striatum and other components of the basal ganglia in primates http://www.crulrg.ulaval.ca/v3/en/data/CRULRG.ParentA.htm

Division of Systems Neurobiology Canada Tel: (418) 663-5747 FAX : (418) 663-8756 andre.parent@anm.ulaval.ca Research interests Recent publications Research interests The long-term goal of our research program is to better understand the anatomical and functional organization of the primate basal ganglia in both health and disease. Our research projects fall into three main categories: neuromorphology, chemical anatomy and postnatal neurogenesis. Neuromorphology Chemical anatomy Postnatal neurogenesis Recent publications In press Prensa, l. et Parent, A. (sous presse) The nigrostriatal pathway in the rat: A single-axon study of the relation between dorsal and ventral tiers nigral neurons and the striosome/matrix striatal compartments. J. Neurosci. Bernier, JP., Vinet, J., Cossette, M. et Parent, A. (2000) Characterization of the subventricular zone in the adult human brain: Evidence for the involvement of BCL-2. Neurosciences Res, 37:67-68 Cicchetti, F, Prensa, l., Wu, Y. et parent, a. (2000) Chemical anatomy of striatal interneurons in normal individuals and in patients with Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Rev. 34:80-101.

78. MDVU - Pediatric Movement Disorders - Bradykinesia: Mechanism with the selection of components of movements or the sequencing of multistep movements(see Anatomy of the basal ganglia). In Parkinson s disease, the dopamine http://www.mdvu.org/library/pediatric/bradykinesia/bra_mec.html

WE MOVE 204 West 84th Street New York, NY 10024 E-mail: wemove@wemove.org Library Pediatric Movement Disorders Description Examination ... Treatment Library Glossary Pediatric Treatment Centers Research News Our Mission ... Contact Us Bradykinesia Mechanism Anatomy of the basal ganglia ). In Parkinson's disease, the dopamine-producing cells of the substantia nigra degenerate, leading to decreased dopamine in the striatum. Damage to the basal ganglia may produce different movement disorders, including dystonia, chorea, athetosis, or parkinsonism. Loss of dopamine activity seems to "turn down the volume" on the basal ganglia, so that movements become slow and difficult to initiate. The performance of rapidly sequenced or repetitive movements may be particularly difficult. In the most severe cases, the child is unable to initiate any movement and becomes frozen in place. A remarkable feature of parkinsonism is that often a sensory stimulus, such as a line on the ground that must be stepped over or a ball that must be caught, may lead to the very rapid and appropriate initiation of movement. Therefore, the primary problem in parkinsonism seems to be with self-generated, voluntary movements and children may move faster when they are responding to something in the environment outside themselves. In the adult and juvenile forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), cells in the substantia nigra start to die. These two disorders probably have many causes. In some cases, the adult form of PD has been linked to a dominant mutation in the gene for alpha-synuclein. The juvenile form has been linked to recessive mutations in the parkin genes. In both cases, these lead to a progressive decrease of dopamine in the striatum of the basal ganglia. Symptoms do not occur until substantial portions of the cells have died; in some studies, up to 70% of these cells die before the onset of symptoms. In adults, parkinsonism is sometimes caused by strokes in the substantia nigra or striatum; this would be a very unusual in a child.

79. UMMS Mind Brain And Behavior 1: Clinical Information About Disorders Of The Basa Motor symptoms may change as basal ganglia disease progresses As they evolve, diseasesof the basal ganglia may produce excessive movement at first, followed http://courses.umassmed.edu/mbb1/2003/motor_BG/clinicalinfo_BG.cfm

Glossary Self-Tests Patients Figure List PD: Neurologic Exam StrokeSTOP CNS Overview ... CNS Development Search For: MBB1 Home 1. Reading 2. Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Divisions 3. Levels of Motor Integration ... 7. The Ventral Striatum Motor System/Basal Ganglia 6. Clinical Information about Disorders of the Basal Ganglia Click here for a table reviewing the spectrum of "extrapyramidal" movement disorders Disorders of Hypermotility (Excessive Movement) In hypermotility disorders, abnormal movements: Usually decrease during sleep Usually intensify during stress, anxiety, and excitement Range in speed from very slow (dystonia) to very fast (tics) Can be unilateral or bilateral, and focal (involving only certain muscles) or generalized Four Major Categories of Hypermotility due to Basal Ganglion Disease, and their Symptoms 1. Ceaseless involuntary purposeless movements that occur during rest and during voluntary acts (this group of problems is also called dyskinesias) Major symptoms include:

80. Analysis Of Basal Ganglia Calcification, Idiopathic CHROMOSOMAL REGION Disease mapped basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic Chromosome14 Genomic position startstop 13000001-106000000 length 93000000 Band http://www.bork.embl-heidelberg.de/g2d/exam_disease.pl?U53361

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