41. Syllabus Chapter 12 Discussion of these basal ganglia includes reference to the subthalamic nucleus Agroup of neurologic diseases called extrapyramidal diseases, includes http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus12.html

12. The Basal Ganglia Revised 2003 by Suzanne Stensaas, Ph.D. and Stephen C. Voron, M.D. The objectives of this chapter are to: Understand the relationship of the basal ganglia to the cerebral cortex. Study the connections through which the basal ganglia affect motor function. I. Basal Ganglia Anatomy A group of brain nuclei are known collectively as the basal ganglia ( fig 12a The basal ganglia that are studied in this chapter are the caudate nucleus( ), the putamen ( ), and the globus pallidus ( Discussion of these basal ganglia includes reference to the subthalamic nucleus (nucleus of Luys) ( ) and the substantia nigra. ( The motor components of these structures are included in the extrapyramidal motor system , as this term is sometimes till used clinically. A group of neurologic diseases called extrapyramidal diseases, includes Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease . Most, but not all, movement disorders are due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia. One of their characteristic features is the presence of involuntary movements, for example, tremor and writhing movements. These abnormal movements are referred to as dyskinesias. Although there are attempts to develop a coherent explanation of the structure and function of the basal ganglia and their connections, these nuclear masses are still treated largely in an anecdotal fashion. Current ideas about the basal ganglia are based largely on neuropathologic case studies.

42. ORPHANET - Rare Diseases - Orphan Drugs with basal ganglia calcification, myelin abnormality, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)lymphocytosis and elevated CSF interferon (IFN)-alpha. The disease manifests http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=GB&Expert=51

43. Neurological Disorders: Brain Diseases: Basal Ganglia Neurological Disorders Brain diseases basal ganglia. http://www.puredirectory.com/Health/Conditions-and-Diseases/Neurological-Disorde

Neurological Disorders: Brain Diseases: Basal Ganglia Home Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Brain Diseases : Basal Ganglia Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome Meige Syndrome Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome google_ad_client = 'pub-3272565765518472';google_ad_width = 336;google_ad_height = 280;google_ad_format = '336x280_as';google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';google_ad_channel ='7485447737';google_alternate_color = 'FFFFFF';google_color_link = '0000FF';google_color_url = '008000';google_color_text = '000000'; Standard Listings Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Secondary to Lightning Stroke A case history of an 18 year old male. Presents clinical history, radiological diagnosis and a discussion. Sydenham's Chorea and Chorea Gravidarum A brief report from 1999. University of Manitoba An article about the basal ganglia. University of Michigan A very brief discussion about basal ganglia. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor PureDirectory.com uses a modified version of the Open Directory.

44. Notes On The Basal Ganglia substantia nigra pars reticulata to the superior colliculus and reticularformation. III. diseases of the basal ganglia 1. Parkinson s Disease http://www2.umdnj.edu/~paneuweb/basgang.htm

Maintained by David P. Crockett . E-mail suggestions to crockett@umdnj.edu (revised 3/11/97 David P. Crockett, M.A., Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Room R-306, Telephone: 1-718-235-3404 Notes on the Basal Ganglia PA Neuroscience Home Page I. Introduction: 1. Diseases produce three characteristic types of motor disturbances: (1) involuntary movements, including tremor (particularly resting tremor); (2) poverty or slowness of movement without paralysis; and (3) changes in posture and muscle tone. 2. Terminology: The terminology is very confusing and has changed with time. It is now used to designate those structures which when damaged produce "extrapyramidal syndrome" (This too is a confusing term). Today the list includes: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. a. Lenticular (lentiform) nucleus = putamen + globus pallidus (pallidum) b. Striatum (neostriatum) = caudate nucleus + putamen (common embryology and similar connections and identical histology, a functional term; anterior part of putamen fuses with the head of the caudate above the orbital surface of the frontal lobe) c. Corpus striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus

45. The Human Brain Conference 2002 - Speakers And Abstracts basal ganglia. This is in contrast to diseases that interfere withmotor control and primarily affect the dorsal basal ganglia. http://www.thehumanbrain.org/Haber.htm

The Human Brain: The Structural Basis for Understanding Human Brain Function and Dysfunction +++ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE +++ ROME +++ IRCCS SANTA LUCIA +++ Oct. 5-10, 2002 +++ Home Greetings Overview (Calendar) Objectives ... Speakers Program Lectures Posters Workshops Educational Material ... Picture Gallery Suzanne N. Haber Presentation: Basal ganglia. The basal ganglia work in concert with cortex to orchestrate and execute planned, motivated behaviors requiring motor, cognitive, and limbic circuits. Its main driving force is cortex as indicated by a massive projection from all cortical areas. Historically, the basal ganglia are best known for their motor functions. This functional association was driven in large part by the neuropathology in the neurodegenerative disorders effecting the control of movement, such as that found in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Chorea. In addition, while receiving input from wide areas of cortex, basal ganglia pathways were thought to return primarily to motor cortex. In further support of role of the basal ganglia in the control of movement, animal studies demonstrated several roles in motor and in sensory-motor integration. Although several new theories of general function have emerged from the enormous progress in understanding the anatomy, physiology, and behaviors associated with the basal ganglia, the actual role of the basal ganglia in executing goal-directed behaviors remains elusive. What is clear from the recent progress is that this set of subcortical nuclei work in tandem with cortex (particularly frontal cortex) via a complex cortico-basal ganglia network to develop and carry out complex behaviors. The present review describes the organization of the primate basal ganglia from the perspective of cortical function, in carrying out goal-directed actions. In some situations, when necessary, data is also presented from rodent work. We have integrated, whenever possible, the anatomical data with physiological and behavioral findings, thus emphasizing the functional organization of this complex network.

46. Young_research areas of research 1) The functional anatomy of the mammalian basal ganglia; and2) The role of excitatory amino acids in neurodegenerative diseases such as http://neuro-oas.mgh.harvard.edu/alzheimers/faculty_and_staff/Researchers/young_

Anne B. Young, MD Research Profile Our laboratory has focused on two primary areas of research: 1) The functional anatomy of the mammalian basal ganglia; and 2) The role of excitatory amino acids in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. 1) The various nuclei in the basal ganglia have numerous anatomic interconnections that are a challenge to understand on a functional level. Through the combined study of the pharmacology/biochemistry and anatomy of the various pathways, a great deal has been learned over the last twenty years about how pathology in select basal ganglia circuits can lead to disorders as varied as Parkinson's disease, dystonia and Huntington's disease. We are determining the functional relationships between the various basal ganglia nuclei through a combination of lesioning, immunocytochemical, histological, receptor site and transport site autoradiographic techniques and by single and double label in situ hybridization methods of examining gene localization. Using these techniques, we have defined the cell specific expression of glutamate and GABA receptors. Studies on rodent and human basal ganglia are a focus of the lab. With the recent discovery of the Huntington's disease and dystonia DYT1 genes, we have been studying the expression of the genes in rodent and human tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated receptor specific changes in animals transgenic for exon 1 of the HD gene. We are now setting up single cell antisense RNA techniques to examine cell specific receptor and neurotransmitter changes in various animal models of neurodegenerative disease and human neurodegenerative disorders.

47. :: Ez2Find :: Basal Ganglia Guides, basal ganglia. ez2Find Home Directory Health Conditions anddiseases Neurological Disorders Brain diseases basal ganglia (19) http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Health/Conditions_and_Diseas

Guide : Basal Ganglia Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides Basal Ganglia ez2Find Home Directory Health Conditions and Diseases ... Brain Diseases : Basal Ganglia Dystonia Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome Hepatolenticular Degeneration Huntington's ... Tourette Syndrome Web Sites Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Secondary to Lightning Stroke [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] A case history of an 18 year old male. Presents clinical history, radiological diagnosis and a discussion. URL: http://www.rbrs.org/database/82-3/page113.html Sydenham's Chorea and Chorea Gravidarum [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] A brief report from 1999. URL: http://www.wemove.org/emove/article.asp?ID=53

48. Tutorials In Neuroscience MIGHT TRANSPLANTATION PLAY AS A FUTURE THERAPY FOR basal ganglia DISORDERS? Neuronalcell transplantation for Parkinson s and Huntington s diseases.” Br Med http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mjawood/basal ganglia.htm

Tutorials in Neuroscience Essay and presentation Please write essays on the following basal ganglia topics (I don’t mind who does which), and be prepared to discuss (present) your topic for 15 minutes to educate and inform your colleagues. Overhead projector, whiteboard and any other aids you might need will be available. Topic 1 WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND OF THE STRUCTURE (INCLUDING MICROSTRUCTURE) AND FUNCTION OF THE BASAL GANGLIA? Smith, A. D. and Bolam, J. P. (1990) "The neural network of the basal ganglia as revealed by the study of synaptic connections of identified neurones." Trends Neurosci Smith, Y., M. D. Bevan, et al. (1998). “Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.” Neuroscience Topic 2 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE? Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 1998; 4:1318-20 ( article Genetic dissection of familial Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Today. 1998: 4: 438-44. Understanding cell death in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44(3 Suppl 1):S72-84. Review. The synucleins: a family of proteins involved in synaptic function, plasticity, neurodegeneration and disease. Trends Neurosci. 1998: 6:249-54 see at:

49. Chapter Eight ganglia Dyskinesia Disease of the basal ganglia I. Dyskinesia movements.III. diseases effecting the basal ganglia 1. Parkinson s http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/OAKESM2/chapter8.html

Neurophysiology Outline Basal Ganglia: I. terms: (Kingsley p. 286-287) 2. basil ganglia: this term has been used to describe this area of the brain. A. components: a. caudate nucleus b. putamen c. globus pallidus (paleostriatum or pallidum) d. nucleus accumbens (frequently considered part of the limbic system) e. substantia nigra (frequently not included as basal ganglia) f. subthalamic nuclei: (frequently not included as basal ganglia) g. claustrum (usually included but not by Kingsley) h. some put the amygdala in this group A. grouping these structures is probably not appropriate. P 249 Kiernan 4. external capsule: white matter lateral to the lentiform nucleus 5. claustrum: gray matter immediately lateral to the putamen 6. extreme capsule: white matter that separates the claustrum from the insula II. neostriatum (striatum): includes the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens (NA) 1. this is the newest part of the basal ganglia (from telencephalon) 2. Caudate nucleus: p. 249-250 3. the most ventral striatum is called the nucleus accumbens (NA)

50. UR Faculty: Suzanne N. Haber Neuroscience. Research basal ganglia and Degenerative diseases. ContactInformation EMail suzanne_haber@urmc.rochester.edu. University http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/GEBS/faculty/suzanne_haber.htm

Apply Now! Departments Educational Programs Graduate Education ... Cellular and Molecular Basis of Medicine Cluster Ph.D. (1978) Stanford University Suzanne N. Haber, Ph.D. Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology Primary Appointment: Pharmacology and Physiology GEBS Cluster Affiliations: CMM -Cellular and Molecular Basis of Medicine NS -Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience Research: Basal Ganglia and Degenerative Diseases Contact Information: E-Mail: suzanne_haber@urmc.rochester.edu University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711 Rochester, New York 14642 Medical Center 5-6518 Phone: (585) 275-6959 Fax: (585) 273-2652 Research Overview Dr. Haber's laboratory investigates the chemical, molecular, and anatomical organization of the basal ganglia and how it integrates information from different cortical regions. The basal ganglia comprises a diverse group of structures involved in motor control, reward and motivation, and cognition. The consequence of basal ganglia dysfunction is emphasized in pathological conditions that involve it, from Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s Chorea, drug abuse and addiction, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia.

51. Radiology, University Of Rochester Medical Center syndrome. The calcification seen in infectious diseases is usuallyasymmetric and not restricted to basal ganglia. basal ganglia http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase59.htm

Radiology Home Department Overview Faculty Residency ... E-mail Images below require Macromedia's Flash Player to view Previous Case Next Case Neuroradiology Case of the Week Case 59 Ravinder Sidhu MD, Ramon DeGuzman MD, and P-L Westesson MD, PhD, DDS Clinical Presentation A 21-year-old male presented in an unconscious state with a gun shot injury to the abdomen. Radiological Findings: Non-contrast enhanced head CT revealed dense hyperdense areas suggestive of calcification involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nuclei of cerebellum and gray white matter interface in the frontal lobe. Calcification was symmetrical in nature ( Figure 1A: Non-contrast enhanced CT head shows dense calcification involving basal ganglia and thalami. Figure 1B: Calcification is also seen in gray white matter interface of frontal lobe on both sides.

52. CNS - Diseases Of Motor Function Huntington s Disease (Chorea) hereditary disorder no treatment degenerativedisease involving basal ganglia cortex; Huntington s http://www.mercer.edu/pharmacy/faculty/holbrook/dss2a2.html

Central Nervous System Diseases of Motor Function Central Nervous System Diseases of Motor Function Parkinson's Disease Huntington's Disease (Chorea) Diseases of Motor Function associated with abnormalities of function of neurotransmission in the extrapyramidal system primary neurotransmitters of the EPS are DA - inhibitory ACH - excitatory Other neurotransmitters GABA - inhibitory Glutamate - excitatory CNS Dopamine Pathways and Receptor Types CNS Dopamine Pathways (fiber tracts) nigrostriatal tuboinfundibular mesolimbic mesocortical DA pathways Nigrostriatal Pathway connects substantia nigra to corpus striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) associated with extrapyramidal skeletal muscle control balanced against cholinergic fiber tracts DA pathways Mesolimbic pathway connects ventral tegmentum to many limbic system structures fibers terminate in the prefrontal cortex hippocampus amygdala DA pathways Mesolimbic pathway major target structure is the nucleus accumbens NA is interface between mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways are organized in parallel possible involvement with schizophrenia DA pathways Mesocortical Pathway connects ventral tegmentum to cortical areas, e.g., prefrontal lobe

53. HD-Iron of the diseases, and thus may be considered a putative risk factor. Published postmortemstudies suggest that the increase in basal ganglia ferritin iron may http://hdlighthouse.org/see/treat/ironchelate.htm

The huntingtin protein is thought to be critical to iron homeostasis. Does any one know if iron chelation has been tried to treat HD? Jerry 12-Aug-01 Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2000 Jun;46(4):821-33, Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2000 Jun;46(4):821-33, Bartzokis G, et al. MRI evaluation of basal ganglia ferritin iron and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's and Huntingon's disease. Interventions aimed at decreasing brain iron levels, as well as reducing the oxidative stress associated with increased iron levels, may offer novel ways to delay the rate of progression and possibly defer the onset of AD and HD. BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia contain the highest levels of iron in the brain and post-mortem studies indicate a disruption of iron metabolism in the basal ganglia of patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Iron can catalyze free radical reactions and may contribute to oxidative damage observed in AD and HD brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify transverse relaxation rates, which can be used to quantify tissue iron stores as well as evaluate increases in MR-visible water (an indicator of tissue damage). METHODS: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method termed the field dependent relaxation rate increase (FDRI) was employed which quantifies the iron content of ferritin molecules (ferritin iron) with specificity through the combined use of high and low field-strength MRI instruments. Three basal ganglia structures (caudate, putamen and globus pallidus) and one comparison region (frontal lobe white matter) were evaluated. Thirty-one patients with AD and a group of 68 older control subjects, and 11 patients with HD and a group of 27 adult controls participated (4 subjects overlap between AD and HD controls).

54. Paroxysmal Neuro Dysfunction/ Basal Ganglia diseases of the basal ganglia give certain types of movement disorderssuch as dystonia, choreathetosis, chorea, etc. diseases such http://www.medhelp.org/forums/neuro/messages/30351a.html

Questions in The Neurology Forum are being answered by doctors from The Cleveland Clinic , consistently ranked one of the best hospitals in America. Subject: Paroxysmal Neuro dysfunction/ Basal Ganglia Topic Area: Movement Forum: The Neurology and Neurosurgery Forum Question Posted By: Kathleen on Thursday, January 20, 2000 Thank You for taking my question. I have seen a neuro doc for second opinion concerning "seizure like" episodes that started many years ago. The opinion is that I show symtoms sugggestive of basal ganglia dysfunction as well as possible mitochondrial disorder. Further testing has been sugested. Although I was able to locate the Mito disorder that was referred to , I cannot locate anything on Basal Ganglia. Could you help describe this type of disorder please? Answer Posted By: CCF Neuro[P] MD, RPS on Thursday, January 20, 2000 Dear Kathleen: Basal ganglia are responsible for control of motor movements, they act in concert with the cortex to smooth out movements. Diseases of the basal ganglia give certain types of movement disorders such as dystonia, choreathetosis, chorea, etc. Diseases such as mitochondrial cytopathies, Wilson's, Hunington's, essential tremor, Parkinson's etc have all been related to having a connection with the basal ganglia. Many mitochondrial disorders effect the basal ganglia, but not all. Even the same type of mitochondrial disease (i.e. MELAS) may or may not affect the basal ganglia. I hope this helps. There is a mitochondrial web site from the United Mitochondrial Foundation you may want to visit.

55. UMMS Mind Brain And Behavior 1: Connections Of The Basal Ganglia And Associated are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall the trio of problems thatare so often associated with diseases of the basal ganglia motion, emotion http://courses.umassmed.edu/mbb1/2003/motor_BG/connections_BG.cfm

Glossary Self-Tests Patients Figure List PD: Neurologic Exam StrokeSTOP CNS Overview ... CNS Development Search For: MBB1 Home 1. Reading 2. Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Divisions 3. Levels of Motor Integration ... 7. The Ventral Striatum Motor System/Basal Ganglia 5. Connections of the Basal Ganglia and Associated "Extrapyramidal" Structures We will begin by considering important connections of the basal ganglia that function in movement. Later we will consider related connections that are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall the trio of problems that are so often associated with diseases of the basal ganglia: motion, emotion, and cognition). First, let's see how six major structures - cerebral cortex primarily of frontal lobe, striatum, globus pallidus externus, globus pallidus internus, motor thalamus, and substantia nigra - are interconnected to provide the input to the pyramidal system. [A piece of terminology: striatum = putamen + caudate + ventral striatum; this last structure will be discussed later on]. KEY IDEA: Connections of the basal ganglia are all unilateral.

56. LEFT BASAL GANGLIA LACUNE Due to the dense concentration of neurons in the basal ganglia, a small the suspicionof pathologic processes such as demyelinating diseases, the vasculitidies http://www.netmedicine.com/xray/ctscan/ct40.htm

LEFT BASAL GANGLIA LACUNE. View image This form of infarct involves small arterioles. In the acute phases of a lacunar infarct, the CT scan may be normal. As the infarct develops it becomes progressively lower in attenuation indicating its chronicity. Due to the dense concentration of neurons in the basal ganglia, a small lacunar infarct may have a dramatic clinical picture. The role of a CT scan in the initial phases of an infarct is essentially to rule out the presence of hemorrhage so that the patient can be anticoagulated. The presence of a very large hemispheric infarct may also preclude the possibility of anticoagulation. Such infarcts may sometimes be noted on the initial CT scan examinations. VENTRICULO-SULCAL PROMINENCE OF AGE. View second image Otherwise known as atrophy. Progressive loss of neurons within the central nervous system with age results in prominence of the ventricles as well as the cisterns when compared with normal age individuals. This does not correspond to the degree of cognitive function. However, the finding of ventriculo-sulcal prominence which is out of proportion to that of the patient's age should raise the suspicion of pathologic processes such as demyelinating diseases, the vasculitidies or chronic cerebro-vascular disease. The small arrow heads point to the sulcal prominence. The large arrows point to the prominent, frontal, temporal horns, the lateral ventricle as well as the prominent fourth ventricle in this order.

57. PillSupplier.com - Conditions And Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain Diseases Prilosec. Top Add a Resource Modify a Resource Search Login . Conditionsand diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain diseases/basal ganglia. Categories http://www.pillsupplier.com/dir/433/

Category: Basal Ganglia HOME ABOUT US ORDER STATUS BMI CALCULATOR ... CONTACT US Prescription Drugs Diet Pills Adipex Bontril Didrex ... Login Conditions and Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain Diseases/Basal Ganglia Categories: Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome Meige Syndrome Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Links: Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Secondary to Lightning Stroke [rate it] [review it] A case history of an 18 year old male. Presents clinical history, radiological diagnosis and a discussion. Macomb Senior High [rate it] [review it] A description of basal ganglia followed by a look at some of the diseases such as sydenhams chorea, huntingtons chorea, cerebral palsy, athetosis, hemiballism and parkinsons disease. Sydenham's Chorea and Chorea Gravidarum [rate it] [review it] A brief report from 1999. University of Manitoba [rate it] [review it] An article about the basal ganglia. University of Michigan [rate it] [review it] A very brief discussion about basal ganglia. Search Looking for something in particular? the entire directory only this category More search options Pages Updated On: Fri May 28 2004 - 04:41:00 About Us Frequently Asked Questions Contact Us Order Status ... Health Resources

58. RSNA 2003 - RSNA Event fiber connection among basal ganglia and to know how it works. To know clinical featuresand imaging characteristics of representative diseases involving basal http://rsna2003.rsna.org/rsna2003/VBK/conference/event_display.cfm?id=66601&p_na

59. BJR -- Abstracts: Smith Et Al. 61 (730): 914 To assess its potential for studying patients with diseases of the basal ganglia,a study of 15 normal volunteers and 32 patients with known or suspected basal http://bjr.birjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/730/914

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Similar articles found in: BJR Online PubMed PubMed Citation This Article has been cited by: other online articles Search PubMed for articles by: Smith, F. W. Besson, J. A. Download to Citation Manager ARTICLES Technetium-99m HMPAO imaging in patients with basal ganglia disease FW Smith, HG Gemmell, PF Sharp and JA Besson Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. Technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene-amine oxime (HMPAO) is trapped by cerebral grey matter and the basal ganglia on its first pass through the brain. To assess its potential for studying patients with diseases of the basal ganglia, a study of 15 normal volunteers and 32 patients with known or suspected basal ganglia disease have been investigated. Sixteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease showed no abnormality of the basal ganglia and varying degrees of cerebral underperfusion consistent with their intellectual status. Eight patients with Huntington's chorea showed a characteristic pattern of reduced or absent caudate nucleus uptake.

60. Wauu.DE: Health: Conditions And Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Brain Diseases Wauu.DE Health Conditions and diseases NeurologicalDisorders Brain diseases basal ganglia. http://www.wauu.de/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Brain_D

Home Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Brain Diseases : Basal Ganglia Search DMOZ-Verzeichnis: All Categories Categories Onlye Kategorien: Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome Meige Syndrome Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Links: Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Secondary to Lightning Stroke A case history of an 18 year old male. Presents clinical history, radiological diagnosis and a discussion. http://www.rbrs.org/database/82-3/page113.html Macomb Senior High A description of basal ganglia followed by a look at some of the diseases such as sydenhams chorea, huntingtons chorea, cerebral palsy, athetosis, hemiballism and parkinsons disease. http://www.macomb.com/~mhs/basal.htm Sydenham's Chorea and Chorea Gravidarum A brief report from 1999. http://www.wemove.org/emove/article.asp?ID=53 University of Manitoba An article about the basal ganglia. http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/amygjb.htm University of Michigan A very brief discussion about basal ganglia. http://www.flint.umich.edu/departments/PT/ptp522/nervanat/tsld110.htm © 1998- 2002 Ein Service von Wauu.de

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