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  1. Balanitis - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References by ICON Health Publications, 2004-09-03
  2. Balanitis xerotica obliterans: A form of lichen sclerosus. (Editorial).: An article from: Southern Medical Journal by Alex E. Finkbeiner, 2003-01-01
  3. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Balanitis by Greg Annussek, 2002-01-01
  4. Treatment of Zoon's balanitis with imiquimod 5% cream.(Case study): An article from: Journal of Drugs in Dermatology by Maria Rita Nasca, Rocco De Pasquale, et all 2007-05-01
  5. Organ Disorders: Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
  6. Balanitis: An entry from Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.</i> by Greg Annussek, 2006
  7. Balanitis xerotica obliterans: epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system. (Original Article).: An article from: Southern Medical Journal by William S. CPT Kizer, Troy CPT Prarie, et all 2003-01-01
  8. Medical Analysis of Circumcision: Circumcision, Opposition to circumcision, Circumcision advocacy, Carcinoma of the penis, Human papillomavirus, Cervical ... Balanitis xerotica obliterans, Phimosis
  9. Get Rid of that Yeast Infection Right Now and For Good, Naturally! by Molly Yankins, 2009-08-22

1. EMedicine - Balanitis : Article By Mark Leber, MD
balanitis balanitis is inflammation of the glans penis. balanitis involving the foreskin or prepuce is termed balanoposthitis.
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic51.htm
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Balanitis
Last Updated: July 23, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: inflammation of the glans penis, balanoposthitis, phimosis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography
Author: Mark Leber, MD , Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn Hospital Medical Center Editor(s): Edward Bessman, MD , Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Richard Sinert, DO , Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, State University of New York College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center; John Halamka, MD

2. Balanitis: Essential Facts
Describes how it starts, who is most likely to develop it and the proper treatment of the condition. Pictures demonstrating selfcare treatment provided.
http://www.stdservices.on.net/std/balanitis/facts.htm

Related Pages
Balanitis contents Essential facts More information Diagnosis and management
(includes clinical photographs) Pamphlet
(pdf format)
Balanitis and Foreskin Hygiene
Essential facts
Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans (head) of the penis. It usually causes redness and/or a blotchy rash on the glans, sometimes with a discharge. The condition may be itchy or uncomfortable but often feels completely normal.
Why balanitis occurs
Balanitis is not sexually transmitted. It results from an overgrowth of organisms which are normally present on the skin of the glans. The condition most commonly occurs in men who have a foreskin (i.e. have not been circumcised). The environment under the foreskin is warm and moist, and these conditions often favour the growth of the organisms that cause balanitis. These organisms are especially likely to multiply and cause inflammation if moisture is allowed to persist under the foreskin for a while. This may occur if you have not washed for a couple of days, or sometimes after sexual activity (vaginal, oral or anal - with or without a condom). One common organism associated with balanitis is a yeast known as Candida albicans . Balanitis may occur because of excessive growth of Candida , due to moisture and warmth under the foreskin.

3. Balanitis
Related Pages. balanitis contents. Essential facts balanitis. balanitis is an inflammation of the glans (head) of the penis
http://www.stdservices.on.net/std/balanitis

Related Pages
Balanitis contents Essential facts More information Diagnosis and management
(includes clinical photographs) Pamphlet
(pdf format)
Balanitis
Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans (head) of the penis. It usually causes redness and/or a blotchy rash on the glans, sometimes with a discharge. The condition may be itchy or uncomfortable but often feels completely normal. Index Essential Facts For men diagnosed with balanitis More Details For students and clinicians Diagnosis and Management Guidelines For health care workers managing patients with balanitis Pamphlet Information pamphlet on Balanitis in pdf format Related Pages Top of Page Home Search ... About this web site
Last updated: 04 February 2003
URL: http://www.stdservices.on.net/std/balanitis/default.htm
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases Services

Internal Medicine Service
Royal Adelaide Hospital

First Floor, 275 North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia Telephone: +61 (8) 8226 6025 Facsimile: +61 (8) 8226 6560 Email: STD.Services@dhs.sa.gov.au

4. Balanitis
balanitis. balanitis is a condition of uncircumcised males. If the foreskin is not retracted and the penis not cleaned under the
http://www.sleeptight.com/EncyMaster/B/balanitis.html

Help for sleepless parents
Encyclopedia Index B balanitis Search
balanitis
Balanitis is a condition of uncircumcised males. If the foreskin is not retracted and the penis not cleaned under the foreskin properly, infection and inflammation of the surface of the glans penis can occur. This usually responds very easily to gentle cleansing, antibiotic ointment, and perhaps an oral antibiotic for a few days. Posthitis is inflammation of the prepuce (foreskin) for the same reason as above and is treated the same way.

5. Management Of Phimosis And Balanitis
Information on the development and management of these related conditions and what the indications are for circumcisional correction.
http://www.bhha.org.uk/Guidelines/circ.htm
Guideline for the management of phimosis and balanitis and indications for circumcision To view a scanned image of the guideline in PDF click here For help with PDF click here Phimosis Is it true phimosis or a simple non-retractile foreskin?
  • Phimosis is a tight preputial ring often made of scar tissue preventing retraction of the foreskin. It may be primary, or secondary to recurrent infection
    Phimosis may produce urinary obstruction with ballooning of the foreskin
    In adults phimosis can lead to chronic inflammation and carcinoma
    This is different to a simple non-retractile foreskin , a normal finding in many boys
    Occasionally the two can be hard to differentiate and phimosis may only be diagnosed in retrospect when there is no improvement
Management
  • Boys aged under 7 with an asymptomatic non-retractile foreskin require no treatment and may be followed up annually
    Parents may be reassured that the condition nearly always resolves over time
    Referral may be considered if there are symptoms or parental concerns
    An obvious true phimosis requires a referral
Balanitis/ Balanoposthitis (Infection of the glans/glans and foreskin)
  • Infection may be bacterial or fungal (the latter is more common in diabetics)
    Infections are sometimes recurrent
Management
  • Each episode should be treated with local hygiene and antibiotics
    Oral antibiotics may be required if there is systemic illness

6. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Balanitis
Return to top. balanitis is usually caused by poor hygiene in uncircumcised men diseases, including Reiter's syndrome and lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, can also produce balanitis
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000862.htm
@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation
Medical Encyclopedia
Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z
Balanitis
Contents of this page:
Illustrations
Male reproductive anatomy Circumcised vs. uncircumcised Alternative names Return to top Balanoposthitis Definition Return to top Balanitis is an inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Balanitis is usually caused by poor hygiene in uncircumcised men. The inflammation can be due to a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, caustic soaps, or failure to properly rinse soap off while bathing. Several other diseases, including Reiter's syndrome and lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, can also produce balanitis. Symptoms Return to top
  • redness of foreskin or penis other rashes on the head of the penis foul-smelling discharge painful penis and foreskin
Signs and tests Return to top Your dermatologist or urologist may be able to diagnosis the cause of your balanitis by examination alone. However, additional tests such as skin culture for viruses, fungi, or bacteria are often needed. Occasionally, a skin biopsy is required. Treatment Return to top Treatment depends on the cause of the balanitis. For example, infectious balanitis may be treated with antibiotic pills or creams. Balanitis occuring with skin diseases may respond to steroid creams. In severe cases, circumcision may be the best option.

7. HealthCentral.com
General overview of the condition is provided. Stresses disease prevention and professional help for chronic cases.
http://www.healthcentral.com/library/librarycontent.cfm?id=404

8. InteliHealth: Balanitis
InteliHealth Featuring Harvard Medical School's consumer health information. For more than 550 diseases and conditions, learn What Is It?, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Expected Duration, Prevention,
http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10515.html
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Balanitis
  • What Is It? Symptoms Diagnosis Expected Duration ... Prognosis
  • What Is It? Balanitis is an infection or inflammation of the head (glans) of the penis. In men who have not been circumcised, this area is covered by a flap of skin known as the foreskin, or prepuce. Balanitis can occur in both circumcised and uncircumcised men, although it occurs more commonly in men who are not circumcised. Young boys generally are affected only if they have a very tight foreskin that is difficult to pull back.

    9. Balanitis. DermNet NZ
    balanitis information for patients. NZ DermNet is an online dermatology resource for patients, GPs and dermatologists balanitis. What is balanitis? balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis
    http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.genital/bal.html
    @import url("/common/screen.css");
    DermNet NZ
    Ad:
    Authoritative facts
    about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Home For patients For doctors ... Site map Search:
    Home
    Site age specific
    Balanitis
    What is balanitis?
    Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis (head of the penis).
    What are the symptoms of balanitis?
    • Red swollen tender penis Blotchy rash may be present Occasionally penile discharge May be itchy and uncomfortable Inability to retract foreskin (phimosis) in severe cases

    Balanitis
    What causes balanitis?
    Balanitis is not a sexually transmitted disease. It is usually caused by irritants and an overgrowth of organisms that are normally present on the skin of the glans. These include bacteria and Candida yeast. Certain circumstances may make a male more susceptible to getting balanitis, these include:
    • Uncircumcised men: area under the foreskin is warm and moist, making it ideal conditions for the growth of organisms (usually Candida albicans ) that cause balanitis. Poor personal hygiene Diabetes Chemical irritants, e.g.

    10. Balanitis
    balanitis. DESCRIPTION balanitis inflammation of glans penis Posthitis inflammation of the foreskin. System(s) affected Skin/Exocrine, Renal/Urologic. Genetics N/A. Incidence/Prevalence in USA
    http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0106.html
    Balanitis
    DESCRIPTION: Balanitis: inflammation of glans penis Posthitis: inflammation of the foreskin
    System(s) affected: Skin/Exocrine, Renal/Urologic
    Genetics: N/A
    Incidence/Prevalence in USA: N/A
    Predominant age: Adult
    Predominant sex: Male only
    CAUSES:
    • Allergic reaction (condom latex, contraceptive jelly)
    • Fungal ( Candida albicans ) and bacterial infections ( Borrelia vincentii Streptococci
    • Fixed drug eruption (sulfa, tetracycline, barbital)
    • Plasma cell infiltration (Zoon's balanitis)
    • Autodigestion by activated transplant exocrine enzymes
    ICD-9-CM: 607.1 balanitis 112.2 candida 099.8 venereal REFERENCES:
  • Gillenwater JY, Grayhack JT, Howard SS, Duckett JW: Adult and Pediatric Urology. 2nd Ed. Mosby Year Book, Philadelphia, 1991
  • Tom WW, Munda R, First MR, et al: Autodigestion of the glans, penis and urethra by activated transplant pancreatic exocrine enzymes. Surgery 1987;102:99-101 Web references:
  • Balanitis and Foreskin Hygiene Author(s): James P. Miller, MD Timothy L. Black, MD Illustrations: Lichen sclerosus atrophicus, balanitis xerotica obliterans Lichen sclerosus atrophicus, balanitis xerotica obliterans
  • 11. EMedicine Emergency Medicine : - Online Medical Textbooks And Physician Referenc
    Mark Leber, MD, Program Director, Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn Hospital Medical Center provides testing, diagnosis and treatment protocols.
    http://www.emedicine.com/cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/showsection@/em/ga?book=emerg&to

    12. EMedicine - Balanitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis : Article By George C Keoug
    balanitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis In 1952, JJ Zoon first recognized balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis or plasma cell balanitis (PCB) is an
    http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic45.htm
    (advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Dermatology Reactive And Inflammatory Dermatoses
    Balanitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis
    Last Updated: November 29, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: plasma cell balanitis, Zoon balanitis, plasma cell mucositis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography
    Author: George C Keough, MD , Chief, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center George C Keough, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology , and American Medical Association Editor(s): Janet Fairley, MD , Professor, Program Director, Section Chief, Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Richard Vinson, MD

    13. EMedicine - Balanitis : Article By Mark Leber, MD
    An explanation of this disorder and its causes.
    http://emedicine.com/emerg/topic51.htm
    (advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Genitourinary
    Balanitis
    Last Updated: July 23, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: inflammation of the glans penis, balanoposthitis, phimosis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography
    Author: Mark Leber, MD , Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn Hospital Medical Center Editor(s): Edward Bessman, MD , Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Richard Sinert, DO , Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, State University of New York College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center; John Halamka, MD

    14. Conservative Treatments In Place Of Circumcision
    balanitis Phimosis - Injury to the Prepuce - Urinary Tract Infections
    http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/
    Conservative non-surgical treatment of penile problems
    This page is a menu of menus. The prepuce once was considered to have no value. The medical profession treated any ailment of the prepuce by circumcision. Today, however, the prepuce is considered to be of value to its owner and there is ever increasing interest in the preservation of this tissue. The prepuce has been demonstrated to have immunological functions and properties , which protect its owner from disease, and to be erogenous tissue with important functions in human sexual response. Also, there is increasing interest in protecting the human rights of children under international law. These menus provide information on conservative treatment of medical problems of the prepuce so that the prepuce may be preserved intact whenever possible.
    Phimosis

    Paraphimosis

    BXO (Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans)

    Injury to the prepuce

    Urinary tract infections:
    See under Disease
    Balanitis (non-sclerotic): See under Disease
    Parent Directory

    (File revised 23 August 2002) http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/

    15. DermIS / Main Menu / DOIA / Balanitis Candidomycetica / Images
    DermIS / main menu / DOIA / balanitis Candidomycetica / images. images for the diagnosis 'balanitis Candidomycetica'
    http://www.dermis.net/bilddb/diagnose/englisch/i112950.htm
    HOME DOIA PeDOIA Skincancer ... DOIA Balanitis Candidomycetica images
    images for the diagnosis 'Balanitis Candidomycetica'
    sitesearch: DermIS - Dermatology Information System

    16. Balanitis In Boys
    The abstract of a medical journal article about balanitis in boys. SummaryThe clinical features of 100 cases of balanitis are described over a 3½year period when a diagnosis of balanitis; 32
    http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/balanitis/escala1
    BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Volume 63, Pages 196-197.
    Balanitis
    J. M. ESCALA and A.M.K. RICKWOOD Department of Urology, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital , Liverpool Acute balanoposthitis or, more popularly, balanitis, is a common complaint of boys yet one which receives no more than cursory attention in textbooks and none in the literature otherwise. We make a modest attempt to remedy this deficiency.
    Patients and Methods
    Results
    Incidence
    Of the 200 boys questioned, 3 definitely had balanitis and 5 gave a history suggestive of the disease.
    Age distribution
    Most were aged 2 to 5 years; only 5 boys were not toilet trained. Three were under 2, 15 were either 6 or 7 and 6 were either 8 or 9.
    Symptomatology (Table 1)
    Table 1 Symptomatology Redness 100 Swelling 91 Discharge 73 Dysuria 13 Bleeding 2 Glans Ulceration 1
    Physical signs
    One patient had true phimosis. The only other finding of note was the state of retractability of the prepuce, which was non-retracable in 30 cases, partially retractable in 57 and fully retractable in 13. Table 2 Management No. of episodes No. of patients Circumcision 1 64 7 2 20 13 3 or more 16 15

    17. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Balanitis
    General Health Encyclopedia, balanitis. Causes, incidence, and risk factors balanitis is usually caused by poor hygiene in uncircumcised men.
    http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000862.cfm
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    18. Balanitis
    balanitis (Balanoposthitis) balanitis is an inflammation of the skin of the penis Cause balanitis may result from a bacterial or fungal infection, or an allergic reaction (i.e
    http://www.symptomtracker.com/page1098.htm
    SymptomSolutions, Inc. The New Look Of Health And Wellness
    Balanitis (Balanoposthitis)
    Balanitis is an inflammation of the skin of the penis. This is more common in uncircumcised males. Symptoms - Symptoms may include pain, redness or sores near the head of the penis and a discharge from the penis. Swollen lymph nodes may be noticed in the lower abdomen or groin. Cause - Balanitis may result from a bacterial or fungal infection, or an allergic reaction (i.e. latex condoms). Uncircumcised males with a tight foreskin may be at a higher risk. Poor hygiene is often associated with this condition. Diagnosis - Observation of the aforementioned symptoms should prompt an evaluation by a physician. The evaluation may include a physical examination and analysis of any discharge or secretions in the area. Treatment - A physician may prescribe topical steroids, antibiotics, or antifungal creams to fight the infection. Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen may be taken. Washing the surface of the penis with saline should be done several times a day. Circumcision may be recommended in certain cases. Bookmark this site Tell your friends about this page Print this page We want to hear from you!

    19. Birley: Management Of Recurrent Balanitis
    Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing. Introduction balanitis is a common condition.
    http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/balanitis/birley/
    GENITOURINARY MEDICINE, Volume 69 Number 5: Pages 400-403,
    October 1993
    Clinical Features and management of recurrent
    balanitis; association with atopy and genital
    washing
    H D L Birley, M M Walker, G A Luzzi, R Bell, D Taylor-Robinson, M Byrne,
    A M Renton Abstract

    Objective - To evaluate clinical features and diagnostic investigations in patients with recurrent or unresponsive balanitis in order to institute rational management. Design - Forty three patients presenting to a genitourinary medicine clinic with recurrent or persistent balanitis were studied. All patients were asked whether they had a history of atopic illness and about their practice of genital washing. All patients were investigated by taking a swab specimen from the preputial area for bacterial and viral culture and 30 underwent biopsy of the affected skin. Follow up was between three and six months. Setting - Outpatient genitourinary medicine clinic, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK Results - In 31 (72%) of the patients a diagnosis of irritant dermatitis was made. In comparison with the remaining patients, they had a greater lifetime incidence of atopic illness and more frequent daily washing of the genitals with soap.

    20. Balanitis And Balanoposthitis: A Review
    balanitis and balanoposthitis a review. Objectives To give an overview of the literature on balanitis, with a special emphasis on infective causes.
    http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/balanitis/edwards1/
    GENITOURINARY MEDICINE, Volume 72, Number 3: Pages 155-9,
    June 1996.
    Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review.
    Sarah Edwards Objectives: To give an overview of the literature on balanitis, with a special emphasis on infective causes. Method: A data search was performed using the OVID CD plus Medline 1967-1995, using balanitis and balanoposthitis as textword search strategy. Specific subjects such as anaerobic infection, Zoon's balanitis were sought separately and subgroups combined. Original articles and abstracts were referenced to illustrate each condition. These were mainly English language articles, but included appropriate non-English language papers. Conclusions: Balanitis is a common condition among genitourinary medicine clinic attendees, the cause often remaining undiagnosed. Many cases are caused by infection, with candida being the most frequently diagnosed. However, gardnerella and anaerobic infections are common, and there are a wide variety of other rarer infective causes. In addition irritant balanitis is probably a contributing factor in many cases. Balanitis which persists and in which the cause remains unclear warrants biopsy.
    Genitourin Med
    Keywords: balanitis; balanoposthitis, penile dermatoses

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