Ken Alder in a Global KnowledgeBased Economy. March 2003. AAP Homepage. Ken Alder. Making Things the Same Representation, Tolerance and the End of the Ancien Regime in France. Social Studies of Science. Volume 28, Issue 4. Abstract. Introduction http://www.compilerpress.atfreeweb.com/Anno Aldler Making Things the Same Repres
Extractions: The Competitiveness of Nations in a Global Knowledge-Based Economy March 2003 AAP Homepage Ken Alder Making Things the Same: Representation, Tolerance and the End of the Ancien Regime in France Social Studies of Science Volume 28, Issue 4 Aug. 1998, 499-545. Index Abstract Introduction From Thick Things to Objective Objects Enlightenment Engineering and the World of Production ... Notes ABSTRACT This paper documents the connection between the technological and political transformations of late 18th-century France. Its subject is the efforts of state military engineers to produce functionally identical artifacts (interchangeable parts manufacturing). These efforts faced resistance from artisans and merchants attached to the corporate-absolutist ancien régime, for whom artifacts were idiosyncratic, and thick with multiple meanings. I argue that to oblige artisans to produce standardized artifacts, the military engineers defined these artifacts with instruments such as technical drawing and the tools of manufacturing tolerance, which the engineers then refined in increasingly rule-bound ways to forestall further subversion by artisans. Hence, I offer a historical account of how the objectivity of these artifacts was the outcome of social conflict and negotiation over the terms of an exchange.
ÀH¾÷³¡¸¨®æ The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.drywettex.com/minority/?u=732&a=board&bid=28549
Charles R. Sullivan Selected Publications. The First Chair of Political Economy in France AlexandreVandermonde and the Principles of Sir James Steuart at the Ecole Normale of http://acad.udallas.edu/history/sullivcr.html
Extractions: sullivcr@acad.udallas.edu Winston Churchill in England is devoted to an understanding of the life and times of Winston Churchill and the principles of leadership that his career came to exemplify. Churchill was, unquestionably, one of the twentieth-century's greatest statesmen. His public life addressed the great issues of modern history the burdens and limits of imperial power, the role of the state in economic and social life, the characer and conduct of warfare in an age of mass society and industrial technology, and, above all, the challenge of Nazi and Soviet totalitarianism to the ideals of individual liberty and human dignity. Yet, even in his own day, Churchill's decisions were deeply controversial. These controversies remain very much alive today and provide defining issues among contemporary European historians and politicians. Thus, for students, Winston Churchill in England provides an exhilarating opportunity to test themselves against the pressing issues and the difficult dilemmas that face modern leaders.
