Acad. Ch uT ungtsu, Han Social Structure, Washington, 1972. Liu, Wu-chi, and Lo, Irving,K uei-hua chi, Indiana, 1976 Liu Wei-ch ung, Ts ao chih P ing-chuan, Li-ming http://www.johnjemerson.com/acad.shihbib.htm
Extractions: Bibliography of the Wei-Chin period, the Chien-An masters and the poets of the Ts'ao clan, and the origins of Chinese shih poetry John J. Emerson Allen, Joseph, "The End and the Beginning oif Narrative Poetry in China", Asia Major , Third Series, Vol. II, Part 1, pp. 1-24. Balasz, Etienne, Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy , Yale, 1964. Bauer, Wolfgang, China and the Search for Happiness , Seabury, 1976. Bielenstein, The Bureaucracy of Han Time s, Cambridge, 1975. Birrell, Anne, Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China , Hawaii, 1988. Birrell, Anne, New Songs from a Jade Terrace , Penguin, 1982. Chang K'e-li, ed., San Ts'ao nien-p'u , Ch'i-Lu Book Co., Taiwan, 1983. Chao Yu-wen, Ts'ao Chih chi chiao-chu , Jen-min wen-hsueh publishing, Beijing, 1984. Chao Fu-tan, Ts'ao Wei fu-tzu shih hsuan , Beijing, 1988. Ch'en I-pai, Ts'ao Tzu-chien shih yen-chiu , Shang-wu Publishing, Taipei, 1981. Chiang Chien-chun, Chien-an ch'i tzu hsueh-shu , Wen-hsueh chieh-hsueh Publishing, Taipei, 1982. Ch'iang Liang-fu, ed., Ch'u Yuan fu chiao-chu , Wen-kuang publishing, Taibei, 1974.
IslamicFinder Finding Islamic Places And Prayer Times 19. Huch ung-p u. 20. Hu-ch ung-pu. 21. Hu-cha. 34. Hu-chia-chi. 35. Hu-chia-hsia.36. 68. Hu-chu_T u_Autonomous_Hsien. 69. Hu-chu-hsien-t u-tsu-tzu-chih-ch u. 70. http://www.islamicfinder.org/addwiz.php?country=China&city=Hu&start=0&state=3
Wade-Giles Romanization, A Reading Guide qiu chou chou chu - chu chuang - chuang chung - chong ch the i in jiand the one in chi youll ssu - si tso - zuo tsu - zu tzu - zi tzu - ci. http://www.kongming.net/novel/wade-giles/
Extractions: Home Forum SimRTK Site Map ... C Navigation Menu... - Home - Forum - SimRTK - Site Map - History - Games - Email Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Three Kingdoms X - Three Kingdoms IX - Three Kingdoms VIII - Three Kingdoms VII - Three Kingdoms VI Dynasty Warriors - Dynasty Warriors 4 - Dynasty Warriors 3 Dynasty Tactics - Dynasty Tactics 2 - Dynasty Tactics Kessen - Kessen 2 - Kessen Other Games - Samurai Warriors - Fate of the Dragon - Dragon Throne - Destiny of an Emperor Authored by Lady Wu If you read older translations of Chinese texts, you would find that they use a different way of representing the Chinese sounds with the Latin alphabet. Zhao Zilong becomes Chao Tzu-lung Sima Zhongda becomes Ssu-ma Chung-ta Dong Zhuo becomes Tung Cho b - p w - w You may have noticed that j/q and zh/ch are the same. This is not a problem as you can always tell what is what. More on that later. For words that start with a consonant from the series b-p-m-f, d-t-n-l, g-k-h, and y-w, the vowels are pretty similar in pinyin as in Wade-Giles, with the following differences:
Acupuncture Books 1920-1969 (1959). Chung i ching yen chi chin. Chen chiu hsèueh chiao yen tsu. (1969). Ch°ungting T°ung yãen yèu hsèuch chãen chiu t°u ching. Wang, Yf (1955). http://www.medlina.com/acupuncture_books_1920-1969.htm
Extractions: Acupuncture Books 1800s Acupuncture Books 1920-1969 (1952). Chãen chiu liao fa hsèuan chi. (1952). Chãen chiu yèu k°o hsèueh. (1954). Hsien tai chãen chiu. (1958). Chien i chãen chiu hsèueh. (1959). ãErh chãen liao fa hsèuan pien. (1959). çErh chãen liao fa. (1959). Chãen chiu ju mãen. (1959). Chao, Hung-ch°i. (1959). Chien min chãen chiu hsèueh. (1959). Jing luo xue tu shuo. Shanghai, Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she : Xin hua shu dian Shanghai fa xing suo fa xing. (1960). Ch°ang chien chi ping chãen chiu chih liao pien lan. (1964). Chung-kuo chãen chiu hsèueh kai yao. (1964). Zi wu liu zhu shuo nan. Taibei, Zi you chu ban she. (1969). Ch°ien nien t°ieh shu k°ai hung hua. (1969). Chãen chiu ko k°o chih liao fa.
Pinyin To Wade-Giles Conversion k ung nao nao ri jih tuan t uan zhen chen chi ch ih ne ne rong jung tui t ui zhengcheng chong ch ung gao kao kuo le le nü nü sen sen xia hsia zu tsu cui ts http://www.library.utoronto.ca/east/ptow.htm
Special Numbers Ptolemy, (ca.150 AD), 3.1416. tsu Ch ung chi, (430501 AD), 355/113. Al Khwarizmi,(c. 800 AD), 3.1416. Al Kashi, (c. 1430), 14 places. Viete, ( 1540-1603), 9places. http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/snumbers.html
Extractions: Topic Tree Home Following are some items relating to special numbers discussed in the history of mathematics. Contents of this Page Perfect Numbers Square Numbers The Nature of Prime Numbers ... The History of Zero Perfect Numbers The Pythagoreans produced a theory of numbers comprised of numerology and scientific speculation. In their numerology, even numbers were feminine and odd numbers masculine. The numbers also represented abstract concepts such as 1 stood for reason, 2 stood for opinion, 3 stood for harmony, 4 stood for justice, and so on. Their arithmetica had a theory of special classes of numbers. There were perfect numbers of two kinds. The first kind included only 10, which was basic to the decimal system and the sum of the first four numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10. The second kind of perfect numbers were those equal to the sum of their proper divisors. A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of it divisors. However, for the case of a perfect number, the number itself is not included in the sum. The Greeks called a number such as 6 or 28 a perfect number because the sum of the proper divisors in each case is equal to the number; the proper divisors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3, and their sum is 6. Although perfect numbers are regarded as arithmetical curiosities, their study has helped to develop the theory of numbers. Euclid proved that a number n of the form (2
Extractions: The most convincing proof for the Goldbach conjecture so far was provided by the Chinese mathematician Chen Jing-run (1933-1996) in 1965 and is expressed by the inequality at the top of the stamp at left. This stamp was issued in 1999 by China as part of a set of four science and technology motifs and shows the late Chen in profile.
Pi Is The Most Famous Number Inn The History Of Mathematics moved to the Arabian countries (About 150 AD Ptolemy of Alexandria in Egypt gavevalue as 377/120 and about 500 AD the chinese tsu Chungchi gave the value http://www.mikkeli.fi/opetus/myk/pv/comenius/pi.html
Extractions: Pi is one of the most famous numbers in the history of mathematics. It is the ratio of circumference of a circle to its diameter. This ratio did not become a named number until the early 1700s when it was given the designation - the Greek letter p , spelled pi Even 4000 years ago Babylonians obtained quite good approximation for Pi 3 1/8. According to Rhind papyrus meanwhile also Egyptians knew the value (4/3)^4. The next indication of the value of Pi occurs in the Bible 1 Kings chapter 7 verse 23 [English] " and he made a molten sea, ten cubits from one birm to the other: it was round about and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about." [Finnish] "Hiram valoi myös pyöreän altaan, jota kutsuttiin mereksi. Se oli reunasta reunaan kymmenen kyynärän levyinen, korkeutta sillä oli viisi kyynärää, ja vasta kolmenkymmenen kyynäränpituinen mittanuora ulottui sen ympäri." [Flemish] "Ook maakte hij de gegoten zee. Haar kom was tien el breed, van rand tot rand gemeten. Zij was helemaal rond en vijf el diep; men kon haar slechts met de koord van dertig el omspannen."
À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï 1651 in Kieslingswalde (near Görlitz), Germany Died 11 Oct 1708 in Dresden, Germanytsu, tsu Ch ung chi Born 430 in Fanyang (now Hopeh), china Died 501 in http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=T
Nazwisko Wang Fan, 250, 1, 3.155555 (142/45). Liu Hui, 263, 5, 3.14159. tsu Ch ung chi, 480,7, 3.141592920 (355/113). Aryabhata, 499, 4, 3.1416 (62832/2000). Brahmagupta, 640,1, 3.1622. http://www.u.lodz.pl/~wibig/hieronim/hie08pok.htm
Extractions: nazwisko data n Vitruvius 20 p.n.e. Chang Hong 130 n.e. Ptolemy Wang Fan Liu Hui Tsu Ch'ung Chi Aryabhata Brahmagupta Al-Khwarizmi Fibonacci Madhava Al-Kashi Otho Romanus Van Ceulen Van Ceulen Newton Sharp Seki Kowa Kamata Machin De Lagny (tylko 112 poprawnych) Takebe Matsunaga von Vega (tylko 136 poprawnych) Rutherford (tylko 152 poprawne) Strassnitzky, Dase Clausen Lehmann Rutherford Shanks (tylko 527 poprawnych) Ferguson n to liczba poprawnych cyfr po przecinku. nazwisko data n nazwa maszyny Ferguson I 1947 kalkulator biurkowy Ferguson, Wrench IX 1947 kalkulator biurkowy Smith, Wrench kalkulator biurkowy Reitwiesner et al. ENIAC Nicholson, Jeenel NORAC Felton PEGASUS Genuys I 1958 IBM 704 Felton V 1958 PEGASUS Guilloud IBM 704 Shanks, Wrench IBM 7090 Guilloud, Filliatre IBM 7030 Guilloud, Dichampt CDC 6600 Guilloud, Bouyer CDC 7600 Miyoshi, Kanada FACOM M-200 Guilloud Tamura MELCOM 900II Tamura, Kanada HITACHI M-280H Tamura, Kanada HITACHI M-280H Kanada, Yoshino, Tamura
Page 2 Translate this page Mais cest en chine, quapparut ensuite une meilleure approximationpuisque tsu Chung-chi proposa 355/113 soit 3,14592 . http://www.ac-orleans-tours.fr/maths-1/rallye/dossiers99/fla/pi2.htm
Extractions: 3ème 1 Collège Condorcet Fleury les Aubrais (Loiret) p a) Les premières découvertes Dans l' Ancien Testament , il est affirmé que p est égal à Les Babyloniens , vers 2000 avant J.C. supposaient que p était égal à 3 , puis à soit L e scribe égyptien Ahmès p ), ce qui conduit à p , soit environ b) Les premiers " records " Archimède ,vers 250 avant J.C.,après avoir tracé un cercle de diamètre 1,calcula les aires de polygones réguliers inscrits et circonscrits ( à 4,6,8,16,24,32,48,64,et 96 côtés) , et ainsi donna des encadrements de p tels que : p soit p p Ptolémée utilise soit Al-Kashi , au quinzième siècle, calcula les 14 premières décimales - Les Européens rattrapèrent leur retard, au seizième siècle, grâce à Ludolph van Ceulen qui trouva, aux Pays-Bas, 20, puis 32 et 35 décimales . D’oû le nom de " nombre de Ludolph " employé par les Allemands pour désigner p. Viète donna en 1592, la première formule :
Wade-Giles To Pinyin Conversion ch a, cha, ch ung, chong, juan, ruan, lü, lü, p ei, pei, tan, ch ih, chi, hsi,xi, k ua, kua, nan, nan, se, se, ts ch ua, chua, huang, huang, lan, lan, nuan, nuan,shuang, shuang, tsu, zu. http://tse.dyndns.org/~sktse/wgpinyin.htm
Extractions: Wade-Giles to Pinyin convertor: Please put separate two-syllable words with a hyphen '-'. Popular two-word place names should be joined together. Wade-Giles Pinyin Find in Page Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin a a chui zhui je re lien lian pan ban sung song t'u tu ai ai ch'ui chui jen ren lin lin p'an pan szu, ssu si tuan duan an an chun zhun jeng reng ling ling pang bang t'uan tuan ang ang chün jun jih ri liu liu p'ang pang ta da tui dui ao ao ch'un chun jo ruo lo luo pao bao t'a ta t'ui tui ch'ün qun jou rou lou lou p'ao pao tai dai tun dun cha zha chung zhong ju ru lu lu pei bei t'ai tai t'un tun ch'a cha ch'ung chong juan ruan lü lü p'ei pei tan dan tung dong chai zhai jui rui luan luan pen ben t'an tan t'ung tong ch'ai chai e jun run lüan luan p'en pen tang dang tzu zi chan zhan eh e jung rong lüeh lüe peng beng t'ang tang tz'u ci ch'an chan en en lun lun p'eng peng tao dao chang zhang êng eng ka ga lung long pi bi t'ao tao wa wa ch'ang chang erh er k'a ka p'i pi te de wai wai chao zhao kai gai ma ma piao biao t'e te wan wan ch'ao chao fa fa k'ai kai mai mai p'iao paio teng deng wang wang che zhe fan fan kan gan man man pieh bie t'eng teng wei wei ch'e che fang fang k'an kan mang mang p'ieh pie ti di wen wen chen zhen fei fei kang gang mao mao pien bian t'i ti weng weng ch'en chen fen fen k'ang kang mei mei p'ien pian tiao diao wo wo cheng zheng feng feng kao gao men men pin bin t'iao tiao wu wu ch'eng cheng fo fo k'ao kao meng meng p'in pin tieh die chi ji fou fou kei gei mi mi ping bing t'ieh tie ya ya ch'i qi fu fu k'ei kei miao miao p'ing ping tien dian yai ya chia jia ken gen mieh mie po bo t'ien tian yang yang ch'ia qia ha ha k'en ken mien mian p'o po ting ding yao yao chiang jiang hai hai keng geng min
PALACE MUSEUM PHOTOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Ch ing Shihtsu Chung K uei; Hanging scroll; CV 1 Ta Ch ung-kuang, Wang Hui, YünShou-p ing, and Yang chin Tao-chi and Wang Yüan-ch i Bamboo and Orchid; Hanging http://www.umich.edu/~hartspc/aapd/PMPDcat4.html
Extractions: Black and white photographs only from the collection of the National Palace Museum, Taiwan Artists are listed under the following historical periods: Artists are listed alphabetically by Wade-Giles Romanization under the periods in which they worked, and under the names by which they are most commonly known. To search for a specific artist, use the find mode (under Edit) from the pull-down menu. Consult the AAPD Pinyin/Wade-Giles Concordance for help in transliteration. See also Asian Art Photographic Distribution's INDEX OF CHINESE ARTISTS for additional lists. Information contained in this file includes the following: Artist/or period CHING DYNASTY 1644 - 1911 Chang Jo-ai Figure in a Snowy Landscape Hanging scroll CV 107, (5700)
B TITLE ! ! ! ! Truth Talk Forum ! ! ! ! /B 250 AD 3.16227 = squareroot of 10 Wang Fau 250 AD 3.15555 = 142/45 Liu *** 263 AD3.14159 Siddhanta 380 AD 3.1416 tsu Ch ung chi 480 AD 3.1415926 Aryabhata 499 http://pub31.bravenet.com/forum/2579584272/fetch/295430/
Extractions: TRUTH TALK FORUM: WELCOME! A place where iron can sharpen iron, where spiritual milk and strong meat may be shared and received by all, where scripture can be expounded, where truth and love may be seen by the world. To post: email totw@truthonthewb.org from your email address and ask for the password. It will be changed from time-to-time as need arises. Thank you for posting here. God bless. This site is a member of WebRing. NOTE: This outline will clearly illustrate the "inside" circumference of the molten sea (solid brass tub) which is the non-brimmed portion of the molten sea. The confusion over 1 Kings 7:23 is that the reader automatically assumes that the thirty cubits stated in verse 23 is the corresponding circumference of the outer uttermost brimmed edge. It is not. For a complete discussion on the outer portion of the molten sea, please refer to this link here that gives the proof. outer circumference proof . The exact physical represention as it is written in verse 23 is physically impossible as one should immediately become suspicious of. But with further examination of this outline and also the "yfiles" link, the bible not only proves PI once, but twice! Amazing. Please refer to the molten sea diagram representation half way down this page for an illustration to this problem.
As For Calculating Pi My Favourite Rational Approximation Is My favourite rational approximation is 355/113 by tsu Ch ungchi has a nice patternof digits and is accurate to 6 decimal places (better than the 2 of 22/7 http://www.jjj.de/hfloat/calc-pi2.txt
Sci-Philately - A History Of Science On Stamps tsu Ch ung chi (430501) was a chinese mathematician and astronomer. His approximationof pi was 355/113, which is correct to six decimal places. http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/exhibits/stamps/math1a.html
Extractions: The beginning of mathematics was primitive man's discovery of counting; adding one and one to make two is pictured on this stamp. Upon seeing two birds, an Egyptian makes the cerebral leap to count them on his fingers. ( Detail ) This stamp is the first in a set of ten issued by Nicaragua in 1970 which features important mathematical formulas that changed the face of the earth. Besides showing the law, equation, or formula, the name of its originator, and an application, the reverse of each stamp is printed with a brief paragraph in Spanish explaining the significance of the formula and its far-reaching applications in modern life. Presumably the user can ponder this educational message while licking the stamp; whether the recipient would appreciate it or be aware of it is another matter. The illustrations contain a wealth of interesting detail, and the sci-philatelic sleuth can enjoy identifying the many clues and their relationship to the original formula. The Inca civilization of the 15th century, centered in Peru, did not have a written language, but kept records (and count) of items on an array of colored, knotted cords called quipu. Color, type of knot, spacing and placement of the cords were all meaningful and part of a code that was used to send information on production, census, resources, and taxes owed or collected to distant parts of the empire. Runners carried the quipi which were then decoded at their destination.
Making Light: Pythagoras In Babylon by the Egyptians, 3.0 by the builders of King Solomons Temple (must try harder),3.1418 by Archimedes of Syracuse, 355/113 by tsu Chung chi, and (sigh of http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/002820.html
Extractions: 3 is the breadth. All the tablets we wish to consider in detail come from roughly the same period, namely that of the Old Babylonian Empire which flourished in Mesopotamia between 1900 BC and 1600 BC. From the Counting in Babylon website: For further interesting mathematical history, see the website of the , which also has a Famous Curves Index , pages about Egyptian Indian Arabic, and Mayan mathematics, and histories of things like Zero Indian Numerals (which are weird Arabic Numerals which rotated ), and Pi . From this last I learn that the value of Pi Al-Khwarizmi ; also that Al-Khwarizmi [10:44 AM] Comments on Pythagoras in Babylon: Scott (view all by) July 01, 2003, 02:55 PM 355/113 is actually a rather better approximation than 3.1416. In fact, that such an accurate approximation should have been discovered so early in human history AND be expressed in such an elegant pattern of just six digits is one of the minor miracles of mathematics. One of my own favorite weirdnesses about ancient mathematics is the Egyptian system of fractions. For some reason they confined themselves to unit fractions (1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, and so on), with the inexplicable exception of 2/3, and all other fractions were expressed as sums of these and you weren't allowed to repeat one. So 3/5 was expressed not as 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5, but as 1/2 + 1/10.
