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Callippus:     more detail

Orations Against Macartatus, Leochares, Stephanus I, Stephanus Ii, Euergus and Mnesibulus, Olympiodorus, Timothens, Polycles, Callippus, Nicostratus, Conon, ... and for the Naval Crown, the Funeral Orati by Demosthenes, 2010-02-23 300 Bc: 300 Bc Deaths, Eudemus of Rhodes, Callippus, Deidamia I of Epirus Orations Against Macartatus, Leochares, Stephanus I, Stephanus Ii, Euergus and Mnesibulus, Olympiodorus, Timothens, Polycles, Callippus, by Demosthenes, 2009-12-19 Callippus The Republic (Optimized for Kindle) by Plato, 2008-03-12

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1. Callippus Of Cyzicus (ca. 370-ca. 300 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie
   Astronomers. Branch of Science. Philosophers. Nationality. Greek. callippus of Cyzicus (ca. 370ca. 300 BC) Additional biographies MacTutor (St. Andrews), Bonn, Greek and Roman Science and Technology ©. Eric W. Weisstein  
   http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Callippus.html

2. The Internet Classics Archive | Against Callippus By Demosthenes
   Browse and. Comment. Search. Buy Books and. CDROMs. Help. Against callippus. By Demosthenes. Translated by Vince/DeWitt/Murray. 1994-2000. Commentary No comments have been posted about Against callippus. Add your own comment to start  
   http://classics.mit.edu/Demosthenes/dem.52.html

3. Science And Human Values - Plato
   compromises with reality had to be made constantly, beginning shortly after Plato's death with Eudoxus and callippus  
   http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/plato.html
   
   Extractions: If Thales was the first of all the great Greek philosophers, Plato must remain the best known of all the Greeks. The original name of this Athenian aristocrat was Aristocles, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning "broad" ) because of his broad shoulders. (He is not the only great man to be known universally by a nickname. The Roman orator Cicero is another. ) Plato was born in Athens, about 427 B.C., and died there about 347 B.C. In early life Plato saw war service and had political ambitions. However, he was never really sympathetic to the Athenian democracy and he could not join wholeheartedly in its government. He was a devoted follower of Socrates, whose disciple he became in 409 B.C., and the execution of that philosopher by the democrats in 399 B.C. was a crushing blow. He left Athens, believing that until "kings were philosophers or philosophers were kin gs" things would never go well with the world. (He traced his descent from the early kings of Athens and perhaps he had himself in mind.) For several years he visited the Greek cities of Africa and Italy, absorbing

4. Callippus
   callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Diedabout 310 BC. We know that callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus.  
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Callippus.html
   
   Extractions: The dates given for the birth and death of Callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Simplicius writes in his commentary on De caelo by Aristotle (see for example [1]):- Callippus of Cyzicus, having studied with Polemarchus, Eudoxus ' pupil, following him to Athens dwelt with Aristotle , correcting and completing, with Aristotle 's help, the discoveries of Eudoxus Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. This calendar of Callippus is examined in detail by van der Waerden in [6].

5. Callippus
   Biography of callippus (370BC310BC) callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) given for the birth and death of callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is  
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Callippus.html
   
   Extractions: The dates given for the birth and death of Callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Simplicius writes in his commentary on De caelo by Aristotle (see for example [1]):- Callippus of Cyzicus, having studied with Polemarchus, Eudoxus ' pupil, following him to Athens dwelt with Aristotle , correcting and completing, with Aristotle 's help, the discoveries of Eudoxus Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. This calendar of Callippus is examined in detail by van der Waerden in [6].

6. References For Callippus
   References for callippus. Biography in The URL of this page is http//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/callippus.html.  
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Callippus.html

7. A Brief History Of Time
   From Thales to callippus. Chris Weinkopf. April 9, 1995 astronomy, beginning with Thales and continuing through callippus, enabled philosophers and the masses alike to better  
   http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Chris/TIME2.html
   
   Extractions: Please note: These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. We assume no responsibility over the content of these papers: we present them as is as a part of the course, not as documents in the Perseus Digital Library . We do not have contact information for the authors. Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. A Brief History of Time (with apologies to Stephen Hawkings) From Thales to Callippus Chris Weinkopf April 9, 1995 This paper is now featured on the Discovery Channel School Web site. Introduction Initial Evidence of Time The Presocratics Changing Attitudes Towards Time ... Bibliography Look at the comments on this paper. Whether for agricultural, legal, or religious purposes, the ability to measure time was of the utmost importance in ancient Greece. Homer and Hesiod both suggest that men recognized some connection between the sun, stars, moon, earth, and time, but were unable to observe very effectively the cosmos for purposes of chronology. Only with the advancement of astronomy, beginning with Thales in the early sixth century BC, could the Greeks begin to utilize the heavens for designing accurate calendars and sundials. Eventually, Plato, in is Timaeus , would declare, "The sun, moon, and... planets were made for defining and preserving the numbers of time. "

8. Blank Entries From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography
   Translate this page 1966) Brown, Ernest William (1866-1936) Brown, Robert Hanbury (1916-) Brugmans, Anton(1732-1789) Burali-Forti, Cesare (1861-1931) Burrau callippus of Cyzicus  
   http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/blank-entries.html

9. Callippus
   callippus. 375BC to 315BC ?  
   http://www.virtualology.com/virtualpubliclibrary/hallofeducation/Mathematics/Cal
   
   Extractions: Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject’s entire name. Any official or affiliated sites that are related to this subject will be hyper linked below upon submission and Virtualology's review. 2000 by Virtualology TM . All rights reserved.

10. Texts In Perseus For Browsing: English
    On the Trierarchic Crown ( Dem. 51.1) Against callippus ( Dem. 52.1) Against Nicostratus  
    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/chunk_TOC.html
    
    Extractions: Perseus Tufts Collections: Classics Papyri Renaissance London ... Support Perseus Note: This page is outdated. Perseus Texts are found in the Table of Contents Some links below may not work. Here are the primary texts currently available on our web site. They have been broken into chunks for ease of browsing, with links and a lookup tool to help you navigate through the texts quickly. Note: Textual reference appearing after titles in parentheses gives their standard scholarly abbreviations, and provides a template for how to look up other passages in that author while browsing. Aeschines Aeschylus Andocides Antiphon ... Xenophon Aeschines (Aeschin. 1.93) Against Timarchus (Aeschin. 1.1) On the Embassy (Aeschin. 2.1) Against Ctesiphon (Aeschin. 3.1) Aeschylus (Aesch. Ag. 345) Agamemnon (Aesch. Ag. 1) Eumenides (Aesch. Eum. 1) Libation Bearers (Aesch. Lib. 1) Prometheus Bound (Aesch. PB 1) Suppliant Maidens (Aesch. Supp. 1) Persians (Aesch. Pers. 1) Seven Against Thebes (Aesch. Seven 1)

11. Callippus
    callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Diedabout 310 BC in Not known. We know that callippus was a student of Eudoxus.  
    http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Cllpps.htm
    
    Extractions: Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page The dates given for his birth and death are guesses but Callippus is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. The Callippic period is based on the Metonic period devised by Meton (born about 460 BC). Meton's observations were made in Athens in 432 BC but he gave a length for the year which was 1/76 of a day too long. The relation between Callippus's period and that of Meton are explained in [Encyclopaedia Britannica] as follows:- Callippus of Cyzicus (c.

12. Science And Human Values - Aristotle
    He accepted the heavenly spheres of Eudoxus and callippus and even added further to them, reaching a total of 54  
    http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html
    
    Extractions: Of the two great philosophers of Greece, Plato and Aristotle, the latter was the one who relied on observation. Raphael's The School of Athens shows the two great philosophers in the center of the painting, surrounded by the other great Greeks, with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, "Look to the perfecti on of the heavens for truth," while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying "look around you at what is if you would know the truth." We shall look deeper in Aristotle's ideas below. Aristotle was born in Stagira (in northern Greece), 384 B.C. He died in Chalcis (on the Aegean island of Euboea, now Ewoia), 322 B.C. Inland from Stagira was the semi-Greek kingdom of Macedon, with which Aristotle's family was closely connected. Aristotle's father, for instance, had been court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Aristotle lost both parents while a child and was brought up by a friend of the family. He is supposed to have spoken with a lisp and to have been something of a dandy. At the age of seventeen Aristotle traveled to Athens for a college education and after Plato returned from Syracuse, the young man joined Plato's Academy, where he studied assiduously. Eventually he was to become by far the most renowned of all the pupils of Plato. Plato called him "the intelligence of the school."

13. References For Callippus
    References for callippus of Cyzicus. JOC/EFR December 1996 The URL of this page ishttp//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/callippus.html.  
    http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/~DZ6B11.htm

14. History Of Mathematics: Greece
    Cyrene Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus. Cyzicus callippus. Elea Parmenides, Zeno  
    http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

15. TMTh:: CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS
    ASTRONOMER. callippus OF CYZICUS (fl. c. 370 BC) Life Aristotle. One ofthe craters on the moon has been named callippus in his honour.  
    http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/2/22.html
    
    Extractions: Callippus developed and perfected the system of concentric spheres proposed by Eudoxus, adding seven more spheres - one for each of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) and one each for the sun and the moon, both then considered planets - for a total of 34. He made detailed observations of the rising and setting of the fixed stars, especially the "dawn-risers" and "evening-setters". His calculation of the duration of the seasons - Spring 94 days, Summer 92, Autumn 89, Winter 90 - was accurate to within 0.08 - 0.44 days. He improved on Meton's 19-year luni-solar calendar, introducing the 76-year (4 x 19) cycle named after him, which skipped one day every 76 years, and gave a year of 365.25 days and a month of 29.53. His sole known work, "On the System of the Planets", is lost.

16. Ancient History Sourcebook: Pausanias: Description Of Greece, Book I: Attica
    by Protogenes3 the Caunian, and Olbiades4 portrayed callippus, who led the Athenians to Thermopylae to Greeks as joined them, having made the callippus I mentioned their general  
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pausanias-bk1.html
    
    Extractions: Description of Greece, Book I: Attica Pausanias, reputedly born in Lydia, was a Greek traveler (as well as Greece he also visited Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia, Epirus) during height of Roman rule. His most important work is the Description of Greece [Periegesis Hellados], a sort of tourist guidebook, which remains an invaluable text on ancient ruins. The Description of Greece survives in ten books in the form of a tour of Greece starting in Attica. The first book seems to have been completed after 143 CE, but before 161CE. No event after 176CE is mentioned in the work. Pausanias begins his description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from the glories of classical Greece, especially religious art and architecture. That he can be relied on for building and works which have since disappeared is shown by the accuracy of his descriptions of buildings which do survive. For at Athens he discusses the pictures, portraits, and inscriptions recording the laws of Solon; the great gold and ivory statue of Athena in the Parthenon; and the monuments to famous men and of Athenians who died in battle.

17. The Homocentric Spheres Of Eudoxus, Callippus, And Aristotle
    The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus, callippus, and Aristotle. (NoteThis site is under construction last updated on 30 July 99).  
    http://www.ouc.bc.ca/phys/dkay/eudoxus.htm
    
    Extractions: Eudoxus, Callippus, and Aristotle (Note: This site is under construction last updated on 30 July 99) Ever since the publication of the Principia by Isaac Newton in 1687 one of the principal goals of physics has been the construction of mathematical models to describe how nature works. However, this idea did not originate with Newton. The most famous earlier examples are the laws of planetary motion of Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) and the planetary systems of Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) and Nicolas Copernicus (1473 - 1543). As Copernicus drew on the methods of Ptolemy, so too did Ptolemy draw on earlier work, particularly that of Apollonius of Perga and Hipparchus of the third and second centuries B.C., respectively. However, the original mathematical model of the cosmos was developed in the fourth-century by the geometer Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 400 -347 B.C.). His geometrical model for describing the motions of the planets has come to be known as the Homocentric Spheres. By the beginning of the fourth century B.C. the most widely held view of the universe was that it consisted of a spherical earth at rest in the center of a rotating "celestial sphere" carrying the fixed stars. The planets moved in the region between these two spheres. Outside the sphere of stars was nothing, not even space. The complete celestial catalog was short. There were the fixed stars, and seven "wanderers", the planets Sun, Moon, Mercury (Hermes), Venus (Aphrodite), Mars (Ares), Jupiter (Zeus), and Saturn (Kronos).

18. Libanius, Hypotheses To The Orations Of Demosthenes
    But according to callippus, Lycon freely gave the money to him, ashe was both his friend and a proxenos of all the Heracleotes.  
    http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_libanius?page=47&greekEncoding=Unicod

19. Libanius, Hypotheses To The Orations Of Demosthenes
    from the style of the words (for he uses this sort of style) and from the contents;for the man who wrote this speech says that he indicted callippus of the  
    http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_libanius?page=8&greekEncoding=Unicode

20. Editing Callippus - Edit - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
    DOC ARISTOTLE S COSMOS  
    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Callippus&action=edit

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