INDOlink Arts-Culture Discussion Forum Forum - MATHEMATICS IN In the eleventh century Sripati and Brahmadeva were major figures but perhapsthe most outstanding of all was bhaskara ii in the twelfth century. http://www.indolink.com/Forum/Arts-Culture/messages/4971.html
Sridhara writing in 1493). We give details below of Sridhara s rule for solvingquadratic equations as given by bhaskara ii. There is another http://202.38.126.65/mirror/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/
Extractions: Sridhara is now believed to have lived in the ninth and tenth centuries. However, there has been much dispute over his date and in different works the dates of the life of Sridhara have been placed from the seventh century to the eleventh century. The best present estimate is that he wrote around 900 AD, a date which is deduced from seeing which other pieces of mathematics he was familiar with and also seeing which later mathematicians were familiar with his work. We do know that Sridhara was a Hindu but little else is known. Two theories exist concerning his birthplace which are far apart. Some historians give Bengal as the place of his birth while other historians believe that Sridhara was born in southern India. Sridhara is known as the author of two mathematical treatises, namely the Trisatika (sometimes called the Patiganitasara ) and the Patiganita.
BANGLAPEDIA: Mathematics mathematicians, Aryabhata (born in 476 AD), Brahmagupta (born in 598 AD), Sridhara(flourished in 750 AD), Mahavira (flourished in 850 AD), bhaskara ii (1150 AD http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/M_0178.htm
Extractions: Mathematics science of spatial and numerical relationships. The main divisions of pure mathematics include geometry, arithmetic, algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. Applied mathematics include statistics , numerical analysis, computing, mathematical theories of astronomy , electricity, optics, thermodynamics, and atomic studies. Prehistoric human beings probably learned to count at least up to ten on their fingers. The Chinese, Hindus, Babylonians and Egyptians all devised methods of counting and measuring that were of practical importance in their everyday lives. The first theoretical mathematician is believed to be Thales of Miletus (580 BC) who is believed to have proposed the first theorems in plane geometry. His disciple Pythagoras established geometry as a recognised science among the Greek. The later School of Alexander Geometers (4th and 3rd centuries BC) included Euclid and Archimedes. The present decimal numbers are based on a Hindu-Arabic system that reached Europe about AD 100 from Arab mathematicians of the Middle East such as Khwarizmi. The basic development of mathematics in India (including Bengal) took place between 500 BC and 500 AD, marked as Buddhist and Jaina period. Mathematics in Buddhist and Jaina period The topics of mathematics, according to the Sthananga-sutra (sutra 747) are ten in numbers: parikarma (four fundamental operations), vyavahara (subjects of treatment), rajju (geometry), rashi (mensuration of solid bodies), kalasavarna (fractions), yavat-tavat (simple equation), varga (quadratic equation), ghana (cubic equation), varga-varga (biquadratic equation) and vikalpa (permutation and combination). However, the historians of mathematics differ in explaining some of the terms from the commentator, Abhayadeva Suri (1050 AD).
About State Observatory Nainital The works of Aryabhatta I ( born 476 AD) Varahmihir ( died 587 AD), Brahmagupta(born 598 AD) and bhaskara ii ( born 1114 AD) are still looked upon with http://upso.ernet.in/intro.html
SCIAMVS: Volume 3 Takao Hayashi. Notes on the Differences between the Two Recensions of the Lilavatiof bhaskara ii .. http://www.sciamvs.org/vol_03.html
Military Implications Of Indias Space Program In November 1981, bhaskara ii, Indias second earth observation satellite,was launched from a Soviet cosmodrome. Unlike its predecessor http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1983/may-jun/frederick
Traditional Sciences - Data I (Ad 600) Brahmagupta (Ad 598) Mahaviracharya (Ad 850) Aryabhatta Ii (Ad 950) Sridharacharya(Ad 991) Sripathi (Ad 1000) bhaskara ii (Ad 1114) Narayana (Ad http://dbs.tn.nic.in/tradsci/tsmenu2.idc?mcd=80100&mc1=8&mc2=1
About "História Da Matemática" Translate this page Biografías incluem Abraham bar Hiyya, Abraham ben Erza, Alcuino de York, Ananiade Shirak, Aryabhata I, bhaskara ii, Leonardo de Pisa, Levi ben Gershon, e http://mathforum.org/library/view/62519.html
Extractions: Previous SOURCES ............................................................... 200202 The mathematical papers and library of Sir Edward Collingwood in the University of Durham I. Grattan-Guinness ............................................. 200202 Archives of mathematical journals J. D. Gray ........................................................... 202 BOOK REVIEWS Lazare Carnot Savant Africa Counts by Claudia Zaslavsky (R. W. Wilder) ................................................... 207-210 Statistical Papers in Honor of George W. Snedecor by T. A. Bancroft (Churchill Eisenhart) ........................................... 211218 Ming Kan No Syuzan Syo Euclid and his modern rivals by Lewis Carroll (Daniel Pedoe) .................................................. 219222 Joseph Fourier 17681830 by I. Grattan-Guinness (J. W. Herivel) ................................................. 222223 ABSTRACTS
Extractions: Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics 87 Rodenhurst Road South Bank University London, SW4 8AF, England London, SE1 0AA, England Tel/fax: 0181-674 3676 Tel: 0171-815 7411 Fax: 0171-815 7499 E-mail: ZINGMAST@VAX.SBU.AC.UK last Web revision:December 22, 1998 Mario Velucchi's Web Index visitors since Dec. 22, 1998 Web page processed by Web Master - Mario Velucchi velucchi@bigfoot.com Mario Velucchi / Via Emilia, 106 / I-56121 Pisa - Italy
CHRONOLOGY OF RECREATIONAL MATHEMATICS By David Singmaster 1141 Abu Ishaq first recorded Arabic Knight s tour, possibly due to alAdlior as-Suli. 1150 bhaskara ii Lilivati Bijaganita. 1150 ibn Ezra. http://anduin.eldar.org/~problemi/singmast/recchron.html
Extractions: Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics 87 Rodenhurst Road South Bank University London, SW4 8AF, England London, SE1 0AA, England Tel/fax: 0181-674 3676 Tel: 0171-815 7411 Fax: 0171-815 7499 E-mail: ZINGMAST@VAX.SBU.AC.UK last Web revision:December 22, 1998 Mario Velucchi's Web Index visitors since Dec. 22, 1998 Web page processed by Web Master - Mario Velucchi velucchi@bigfoot.com Mario Velucchi / Via Emilia, 106 / I-56121 Pisa - Italy
Timelinescience - 1101 To 1200 bhaskara ii, an Indian mathematician, modifies a 5th century idea from Sanskritwritings to describe a wheel which he claims will run indefinitely an early http://www.timelinescience.org/years/1200.htm
Extractions: 1101 to 1200 Setting the scene Islamic culture is the most advanced in the western world. Many scientific and mathematical terms (eg "algebra" and "algorithm") are of Arabic origin, reflecting their roots in these early days of recorded science. The Islamic empire is vast, and much of its success is down to trade and commerce. Many countries become part of the Islamic empire and many others trade with it, so there is an input to scientific ideas from many different cultures including Iran, Turkey, India and China. The Arabic language becomes a unifying factor allowing ideas to be exchanged freely, and centres of learning and wisdom arise in a number of places, including Baghdad, Al-Ma'mum and Cordoba in Spain. Many areas of science and mathematics move forward during these years. Increasingly accurate astronomical observations are made, and mathematics benefits enormously from the introduction of Indian numerals - referred to today as Arabic numerals. With these numerals great strides are made in solving equations (algebra), trigonometry and numerical calculations. Chemistry becomes an experimental subject at last, as does physics. And health care is comprehensive, with doctors, hospitals and even special care for the mentally ill.
Newsletter 46, March 2001 century) in his Ganitatilaka (rule 45) gives a ÷ 0 = 0 4. bhaskara ii in his famousLilavati (12th century) gives the wrong rule (a x 0) = a. His commentator http://www.hpm-americas.org/nl46/nl46art2.html
Extractions: International Study Group on the Relations Between HISTORY and PEDAGOGY of MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER No. 46, March 2001 An Affiliate of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction History makes a man wise is a common saying. By studying history we can know the errors and mistakes committed in the past and save ourselves from repeating them. According to P. S. Jones "One use of the history of mathematics is to reveal to students come of the conceptual difficulties and errors which have impeded progress". G. A. Miller even says "The teachers of mathematics may frequently gain more from a clear exposition of failures than from such an exposition of successes on the part of the eminent mathematicians of the past". In this brief note we mention the mistakes, gathered from a few earlier works, in connection with some arithmetical operations involving the number zero (now denoted by the hole "0"). 1. The great Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (7th century AD) was the first to give explicitly in his Brahmasphuta-Siddhanta (chapter XVIII), the various rules involving zero (in arithmetical operations) but they also include his statement that "zero divided by zero is zero". That is, ÷ = which is not true in general.
Extractions: International Study Group on the Relations Between HISTORY and PEDAGOGY of MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER An Affiliate of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction: No. 47, July 2001 My apologies, but in the last HPM Newsletter there were two mistakes that I failed to notice before sending it to distributors. These were both in the article The Dangerous Hole of Zero Firstly I forgot to acknowledge the author. It was Professor R. C. Gupta from India who submitted the article, and my sincere apologies to him and all the HPM Newsletter readers for this oversight. Secondly in example 4 the wrong rule was misprinted. The correct paragraph is shown here. 4. Bhaskara II in his famous Lilavati th century) gives the wrong rule ( a x a
Th Topic: Infinity And Infinitesimal Quote bhaskara ii (1150) in a/0 there is no alteration, as no changetakes place in the infinite and immutable God »dattB_1935. http://www.thesa.com/th/th-78-73-175-th-196-230-59.htm
Extractions: Quotations unsorted Quote : there is a definite beginning and the reasons for things are not infinite [ Quote : there can be no infinite regress in the production of things Quote : where there is no first term, there is no explanation at all; no infinite regress Quote : we know when we know how to explain adequately; adding factors infinitely should take endless time Quote : proof by induction allows us to generalize, to pass from the finite to the infinite [ poinH_1902, OK] Quote : we define the natural numbers as those to which proofs by mathematical induction can be applied Quote : mathematical induction is the essential characteristic that distinguishes the finite from the infinite [ russB_1919, OK] Quote : zero, one, and infinity are the only reasonable numbers in program language design [ Quote : possible truths are those that do not lead to contradiction; contingent truths lack resolution even if continued to infinity [
TIMELINE 12th CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE See 11701180 1114 Birth of Indian Astronomer Bhaskara (aka bhaskara ii) 1117P ingchow Table Talk by Chu Yu, has the first known mention in China of a http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline12.html
Extractions: Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are hotlinks here to authors, magazines, films, or television items elsewhere in the Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide or beyond. Most recently updated: 20 April 2003 [Expanded from 37 to 68 kilobytes]. This web page draws heavily on FACTS as listed in " The Timetables of Science Facts were also checked against " The 1979 Hammond Almanac " [ed. Martin A. Bacheller et al., Maplewood, New Jersey, 1978], p.795, and the Wikipedia . It also utilizes facts from Volume I of D.E. Smith's " History of Mathematics " [(c) 1921 by David Eugene Smith; (c) 1951 by May Luse Smith; New York: Dover, 1958]. Executive Summary of the 12th Century Major Books of the Decade 1100-1110 Major Books of the Decade 1110-1120 Major Books of the Decade 1120-1130 ... Where to Go for More : 51 Useful Reference Books The 12th Century, according to D.E. Smith, "was to Christian Europe what the 9th Century was to the eastern Mohammedan world, a period of
Bhaskara-II Satellite bhaskaraii Satellite. (First Indian low orbit Earth Observation Satellite).Launch Date Nov. 20, 1981 Weight 444 Kg Orbit 619 http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/isro/bhaskara2.html
SAMIR Data Analysis A slightly improved version of SAMIR with three microwave radiometers at 19.24,22.235 and 31.4 GHz frequencies were operated from bhaskaraii during Nov. http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/ksrao/samir.html
Extractions: SAMIR Data Analysis On board Bhaskara-I satellite , Satellite Microwave Radiometr (SAMIR) was operated at 19.35 GHz and 22.235 GHz during June 1979 - March 1981. A slightly improved version of SAMIR with three microwave radiometers at 19.24, 22.235 and 31.4 GHz frequencies were operated from Bhaskara-II during Nov. 1981 - July 1983. The group with Dr. K.S. Rao as a leader extensively worked on You can find the detailed work in the following publications Computer aided brightness temperature map of Indian subcontinent - Inference on soil moisture variations, K.S.Rao, A.Sowmya, B.K.Mohan, P.Venkatachalam, and N.Ahmad, R.L.Karale, and K.K.Narula, Remote sensing of environment, Vol. 20, pp.195-207, 1986.
Indian Astronomy Through Ages AD 953); Sripati (AD 1039); and bhaskaraii (b. 1114), author of the celebrated mathematical work fiddle to computations. Although bhaskara-ii was credited with devising a rather http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_shah_m_astronomy_frameset.ht