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Sonoluminescence: more detail

Sonoluminescence by F. Ronald Young, 2004-08-30
Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence (NATO Science Series C: (closed))
Shock Focussing Effect in Medical Science and Sonoluminescence
Sonoluminescence
Optique: Sonoluminescence, Vitesse de La Lumière, Monochromatique, Récepteur Superhétérodyne, Principe Variationnel (French Edition)
Sonoluminescence: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed.</i>
Acoustique: Sonoluminescence, Vitesse Du Son, Viscoanalyseur, Acoustique Musicale, Enregistrement Sonore, Enceinte, Exposimètre (French Edition)
Luminescence: Fluorescence, Triboluminescence, Sonoluminescence, Optical Brightener, Electroluminescence, Cathodoluminescence
Nonlinear Acoustics at the turn of the Millennium: ISNA 15, 15th International Symposium, Göttingen, Germany 1-4 September 1999 (AIP Conference Proceedings)
Cavitation by F. Ronald Young, 1989-09
Sonochemistry/Cavitation by MARGULIS, 1995-11-01

lists with details

Achieving Sonoluminescence
Achieving sonoluminescence. This page gives a brief outline of the physics behind sonoluminescence and the method used to achieve it.
http://physics.open.ac.uk/~swebb/ach.htm

Extractions: Achieving Sonoluminescence This page gives a brief outline of the physics behind sonoluminescence and the method used to achieve it. Water is the substrate that most readily emits light so the first step to achieving sonoluminescence is to create a suitable sample. As a control to the experiment distilled water must be used. To get a suitable gas level in the water it is necessary to steadily boil it for approximately 11 minutes. The 100ml of water should be degassed in two equal parts to stop splashing whilst the water is boiling. The flask must be sealed with a rubber bung immediately after the heat is removed to prevent gases being reabsorbed. The water should then be left to cool to room temperature and preferably cooled even further in a fridge before the experiment is conducted. Piezo-electric transducers (P.Z.T.s) are used to create the acoustic field. These are ceramic devices that expand when a potential difference is imposed across one way and contract when a voltage is imposed across the other way. They need a voltage of around 700V to work efficiently. If subjected to an A.C. potential they will expand and contract rapidly. If they are glued to the side of the sonoluminescence flask and wired in parallel they will cause the flask to vibrate thus producing the required acoustic field. Figure 1: A diagram of a Piezo-Electric transducer The P.Z.T.s although wired parallel to each other form part of a series L.C.R. circuit in which they act as the capacitors. This L.C.R circuit is needed to produce the large voltage needed to drive the P.Z.T.s.The variable inductor is a coil of enamelled copper wire with a ferrite rod at its core. The resistance is provided by a 1W resistor. A frequency generator that operates in the 24-27 kHz range drives the L.C.R. circuit. A frequency meter monitors the produced frequency. A 30W audio power amplifier then amplifies the power of this signal in order that the maximum electrical resonance can be achieved. The L.C.R. circuit is shown in figure 2.
Synchronous Picosecond Sonoluminescence - Storming Media
The discovery of singlebubble sonoluminescence has led to a number of interesting discoveries and provocative claims-among these are that hydrogen isotope
http://www.stormingmedia.us/48/4837/A483713.html

Extractions: OPTICS AND ACOUSTICS Acoustics Authors: Crum, Lawrence A.; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB Abstract: The discovery of single-bubble sonoluminescence has led to a number of interesting discoveries and provocative claims-among these are that hydrogen isotope fusion could be accomplished with a collapsing cavitation bubble and that the sonoluminescence emissions are first demonstration of quantum vacuum radiation. This project has sought to understand the nonlinear bubble dynamics associated with the phenomenon, and has specifically involved the conditions necessary for bubble levitation and sonoluminescence extinction. Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Description: Final rept. 1 Jun 93-31 May 96 Pages: Report Date: 15 OCT 96 Report number: Price: (28% savings) Shipping terms
Synchronous Picosecond Sonoluminescence - Storming Media
The discovery of a single bubble sonoluminescence has led to several interesting and remarkable observations. Synchronous Picosecond sonoluminescence.
http://www.stormingmedia.us/90/9087/A908792.html

Extractions: OPTICS AND ACOUSTICS Acoustooptic and Optoacoustic Devices Authors: Crum, Lawrence A.; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB Abstract: The discovery of a single bubble sonoluminescence has led to several interesting and remarkable observations. Among these are picosecond length light flashes and a level of synchronicity several orders of magnitude greater than the period of the applied acoustic field. Although new and unique observations concerning this phenomenon are being rapidly reported, an adequate explanation for the physical mechanisms that give rise to single bubble sonoluminescence has never been given. We describe here a few highlights of our recent research in our ongoing efforts to understand this complex phenomenon. Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Description: Annual summary rept. 1 Jun 94-31 May 95 Pages: Report Date: 20 JUL 95 Report number: Price: (29% savings) Shipping terms
Sonochemistry And Sonoluminescence|KLUWER Academic Publishers
Books » Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence. Add to cart. A section on single bubble sonoluminescence follows.
http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-5549-0

Extractions: The first section of the book addresses the fundamentals of cavitation, leading to a more extensive discussion of the fundamentals of cavitation bubble dynamics in section two. A section on single bubble sonoluminescence follows. The two following sections address the new scientific discipline of sonochemistry, and the volume concludes with a section giving detailed descriptions of the applications of sonochemistry.
SONOLUMINESCENCE LINKS
sonoluminescence RESEARCH. For a page which is being actively maintained, but covers only review papers, see the Net Advance sonoluminescence Page.
http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/sl.html

Extractions: NOTE: Due to lack of time, this page is not being updated. For a page which is being actively maintained, but covers only review papers, see the Net Advance Sonoluminescence Page. General Empirical Apparatus ... Quantum Electrodynamic Theories GENERAL: EMPIRICAL: Various Liquids: Light-Emitting Region: THEORIES OF SONOLUMINESCENCE: Quantum Electrodynamic Theories: Unruh Effect in Bubbles: ASTROPHYSICAL SONOLUMINESCENCE: ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS: HIGH ENERGY EFFECTS: Particle Production: MULTIPLE-BUBBLE SONOLUMINESCENCE: RETURN TO CONDENSED MATTER PAGE To contribute to this page, write Norman Redington, redingtn@mit.edu.
Star In A Jar- "Sonoluminescence" Light From Sound: A Map To Implosion/Fusion &
Fundamentals of sonoluminescence. sonoluminescence. Single Bubble sonoluminescence. sonoluminescence light from sound. Dateline 06/30/97.
http://www.zayra.de/soulcom/starinajar/

Extractions: Is the "Star In a Jar" Light from Sound:"Sonoluminescence"... a symmetry map to Implosion/Fusion/ and Possibly Even the Self Sustaining Heart Fires? Recursion Perfected.. The Ultimate Gordian Knot. Questions from Dan Winter, 4/27/99 Compare with Implosion Geometry Predicted by Recursion at www.danwinter.com/predictions & compare with core 7/5 implosion symmetry of Hydrogen, the Human Heart Symmetry, and the "Heart of the Sun" at www.danwinter.com/heartsun Is this path to Implosion the Golden Based Implosion Symmetry of the GRAIL Itself? www.danwinter.com/grail.html What Besides Perfect Embedding Geometrically Could Make this Phi-re Self Organizing? Remember the Sonic Signature Key to the Move "Chain Reaction".. PHYllotaxes is the PERFECT CHAIN! Dr. Lawrence A. Crum Applied Physics Laboratory When an acoustic wave of moderate pressure amplitude is propagated through an aqueous liquid, light emissions can be observed. This conversion of mechanical energy into electromagnetic energy represents an energy amplification per molecule of over eleven orders of magnitude! Recently, we made the discovery that a single, stable gas bubble, acoustically levitated in a liquid, can emit optical emissions each cycle for an unlimited period of time. Presumably, the oscillations of the bubble cause the gas in the interior to be heated to incandescent temperatures during the compression portion of the cycle. We have no current explanation for how this mechanical system sustains itself.
Essentia - èasopis O Cestì Za Poznáním
sonoluminescence dalí cesta k jaderné fúzi? Václav váb. sonoluminescence získaná ze dvou bublin pri frekvenci zvukových vln 28.3 kHz.
http://www.essentia.cz/index.php?obsah=6&id=11
Light From Sonic Implosions
Feb. 10, 1996. Abstract. In this experiment I made sonoluminescence (SL) by focusing sound waves in water, to levitate a single bubble in the middle of a flask.
http://wsx.lanl.gov/WebPub/sono.html

Extractions: Grade 8, Los Alamos Middle School Feb. 10, 1996 Introduction In this experiment I made light from sonic implosions, known as sonoluminescence. I did this with two piezo-electric discs and a microphone, a 100 ml flask, an Oscilloscope, Audio Amp, and Frequency Generator. A lot of complex factors are involved in getting the conditions right for Sonoluminescence (SL). Among them is matching the resonance frequency to the electric frequency by adjusting inductance and magnetic fields. Another is properly degassing all of the air dissolved in the water I need to use. Finding a power level on the Audio Amplifier to make the bubble stable, and to keep it from dissolving proved to be my main difficulty in this experiment. Questions I want to try to make light from sonic implosions, which I read about in Scientific American. The phenomenon is called sonoluminescence. I want to study it in depth, to find details like brightness, size, when it occurs, and how it happens. I also want to know how all the equipment I'm going to need works. Hypothesis I think that I will be able to make sonoluminescence, but I don't really understand how sound waves can make light. With my photo-multiplier tube I should also be able to detect the light, and when it occurs in relation to the sine wave of the driving electricity. Finding the size of the bubble, on the other hand, will be difficult. From my research, I know that the bubble is incredibly tiny. I have no clue yet as to how I'm going to accomplish this. Finally, I know I'll have to learn how to use all the equipment, circuits, and equations I'll need.
Learn More About Sonoluminescence In The Online Encyclopedia.
Visit the Online Encyclopedia and learn more and get your questions answered about sonoluminescence. see previous page. sonoluminescence.
http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/s/so/sonoluminescence.html

Extractions: see previous page Sonoluminescence is the emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound . The effect was first discovered at the University of Cologne in as a result of work on sonar . Interest in the topic rose again when an inner temperature of such a bubble well above one million degrees Celsius was postulated, making it a possible source for nuclear fusion energy. A major breakthrough occurred when Gaitan et al. were able to produce single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), in which a single bubble, trapped in a standing acoustic wave, emits light with each pulsation. This development allowed the systematic study of the phenomenon, because it allowed the isolation of the effects of just one bubble, rather than the complex environment of many bubbles. Here are some facts about sonoluminescence: The light flashes from the bubbles are extremely short - between 35 and a few hundred picoseconds long.
Abstract: Sonoluminescence:nature's Smallest Blackbody
Optics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, 575577 May 2001 sonoluminescencenature s smallest blackbody. G. Vazquez, C. Camara, S. Putterman, K. Weninger.
http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?id=64179
Physicist Uncovers Secrets Of Sonoluminescence - September, 1998
For years, researchers have tried to explain the atomic processes behind sonoluminescence, the phenomenon in which ultrasonic waves break against a water
http://www.photonics.com/spectra/tech/XQ/ASP/techid.415/QX/read.htm

Extractions: Physicist Uncovers Secrets of Sonoluminescence For years, researchers have tried to explain the atomic processes behind sonoluminescence, the phenomenon in which ultrasonic waves break against a water bubble's surface and heat gas atoms inside. This rapid heating causes gas atoms to glow. Physicist Sanjay Khare of Ohio State University at Columbus and Pritiraj Mohanty, a graduate student of physics at the University of Maryland at College Park may have taken the first step in uncovering this mystery. Ultrasound-stimulated bubbles emit light in very short pulses, as short as a trillionth of a second. Khare and Mohanty theorized that it usually takes a longer time for an atom of gas to decay and emit light. However, when many atoms decay together, they do so at a faster rate. This would account for the short pulses of light observed in sonoluminescence.
Researcher Explains Physics Behind Sonoluminescence - June, 1999
For 10 years scientists have struggled to explain the physics behind sonoluminescence, a phenomenon characterized by a tiny dot of light emanating from a
http://www.photonics.com/spectra/tech/XQ/ASP/techid.581/QX/read.htm
Sonoluminescence In Space At Boston University
Project overview We have proposed a benchmark experiment that will probe the effects of gravity on Single Bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL).
http://www.bu.edu/paclab/sono/sono.html

Extractions: We have proposed a benchmark experiment that will probe the effects of gravity on Single Bubble Sonoluminescence (SBSL). SBSL has been the topic of many exciting research efforts in the past decade, yet there still remain several critical characteristics of the phenomenon to "decipher": (1) the light emission mechanism; (2) the disappearance of the bubble at some critical acoustic pressure; and (3) the appearance of quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations in flash timing. Gravity, in the context of time-varying buoyancy , is implicated in these unexplained phenomena which have all been observed in 1g experiments.
Sonoluminescence
sonoluminescence Observations and Current Theories. sonoluminescence, or SL, is observed by the excitation of a gas bubble in a liquid with a sound wave.
http://www.seanet.com/~hartzell/Sonoluminescence/

Extractions: Sonoluminescence Observations and Current Theories By Justin Cobbs University of Washington INTRODUCTION physics at the University of Washington focused on a bizarre phenomenon called sonoluminescence . Sonoluminescence, or SL, is observed by the excitation of a gas bubble in a liquid with a sound wave. If all the various conditions are just right, a faint blue-white glow will be witnessed emanating from the bubble...sonoluminescence. The goal of my research was to conduct reading research into the many papers published on the subject over the past decade, lay down a path to facilitate information searches by new comers and hard researchers alike, witness the glow first hand, and offer a formula for all interested in setting up a small sonoluminescence experiment. HISTORY GAITAN'S WAY The flashes of sonoluminescence had all but blinked out of the scientific realm entirely when a Ph.D. candidate in Physics at the University of Mississippi took a fresh look at things. Under the direction of Lawrence A. Crum , who at the time was with the National Center for Physical Acoustics (NCPA), Felipe Gaitan pioneered a method of trapping a single sonoluminescing bubble.
Single Bubble Sonoluminescence
Single Bubble sonoluminescence. Abstract This is called multi bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), and is exhibited by a variety of liquids.
http://www.uberhip.com/people/godber/research/sbsl.html

Extractions: Bubbles of air in a liquid medium can experience a rapid series of expansions and contractions when exposed to high frequency sound at high levels of intensity. If the intensity is within a certain range the bubbles will begin to emit a faint blue light, due to phenomena as of yet unexplained. This is called multi bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), and is exhibited by a variety of liquids. If the same procedure is repeated in water in which the dissolved gas has been removed, and a bubble is introduced into the system, similar results will be produced. This single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) allows a closer study of the phenomenon because the isolated bubble can be studied without the interference from other bubbles. The light emitted by this single bubble has proven, in fact, to be a rapid flashing. Each flash coincides with the collapse in the radius of the bubble, and is very consistent in the length between flashes and the duration of each flash. At this point we are merely interested in reproducing SBSL. If it proves that we can do this we may develop our investigation further.
Sonoluminescence : Matthew Goodheart : CD Reviews : One Final Note
Matthew Goodheart sonoluminescence (Nine Winds) by Derek Taylor September 2000 Matthew Goodheart is another example of the most common improvisatory animal
http://onefinalnote.com/reviews/g/goodheart-matthew/sonoluminescence.asp

Extractions: Spearman, Ellis and Robinson need no introductions to listeners with an ear to the Northern California free improv grapevine. Along with Larry Ochs and a small assemblage of others they virtually held the entire scene upon their broad and imposing shoulders for decades. The sad reality that Spearman is no longer with us makes this document's essential nature even more evident.
Buoyancy-Driven Instabilities In Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence (BDiSL)
BuoyancyDriven Instabilities in Single-Bubble sonoluminescence (BDiSL) is a fluid physics glovebox experiment that is to be conducted on the International
http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/6712/overviews/BDiSL_over.html
Sonoluminescence At Eötvös University
sonoluminescence research at Eötvös University. People. István Csabai, PhD; Ákos Horváth, PhD; Gábor Tóth, PhD; Gábor Simon, Phd student;
http://galahad.elte.hu/~csabai/sono/
Sonoluminescence
sonoluminescence From Sound to Light. sonoluminescence (SL) is a fascinating effect of the light emission from the gaseous bubbles in liquids.
http://math.njit.edu/~kondic/sl/sl.html

Extractions: Sonoluminescence (SL) is a fascinating effect of the light emission from the gaseous bubbles in liquids. The SL bubbles are driven by ultrasonic field, which makes them oscillate with ultrasonic frequency. If bubbles are driven strongly enough, short bursts of light are emitted once during each period of the sound field. The effect have been known for many years. But, just recently it become possible to produce single bubble SL, and to get much better insight into the effect and its characteristics. We have done a considerable amount of theoretical research in the field of sonoluminescence. The research started around 1992, when only very little was known about SL. We formulated few theoretical models with the goal of explaining the effect. Our research from this "early" period is summarized in the following papers: New experimental results, which appeared in parallel with our work, gave us an idea that the effect responsible for the SL probably has to do with the emission of the
Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Science > ... > Acoustics, Ultrasound And Vibratio
sonoluminescence an Introduction Answers to questions What is sonoluminescence? , Why is it so interesting? and What do we know about it? wwwphys.llnl
http://www.alexa.com/browse/general?catid=247833&mode=general

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