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Mycorrhizae: more books (100)

Mycorrhizae are present in cycad roots.: An article from: The Botanical Review by Jack B. Fisher, Andrew P. Vovides, 2004-01-01
Mycorrhizae, Proceedings of the First North American Conference. April 1969
Mycorrhizae, by E. HACSKAYLO, 1971-01-01
Mycorrhizae: Proceedings of the First North American Conference on Myc by Edward Hacskaylo, 1969
Mycotrophy in plants;: Lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures (A New series of plant science books) by Arthur Pierson Kelley, 1950
Arbuscular mycorrhizae increase the arsenic translocation factor in the As hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata L. [An article from: Chemosphere] by A. Trotta, P. Falaschi, et all 2006-09-01
Defoliation effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth of two native bunchgrasses and an invasive forb [An article from: Applied Soil Ecology] by S.Z. Walling, C.A. Zabinski, 2006-05-01
Mycorrhizae activity and diversity in conventional and organic apple [An article from: Soil Biology and Biochemistry] by S. Purin, O.K. Filho, et all 2006-07-01
Mycorrhizae: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Biology</i> by Nancy Collins Johnson, 2002
Arbuscular mycorrhizae as an alternative for a sustainable agriculture in tropical areas/Las micorrizas arbusculares como alternativa para una agricultura ... tropicais.: An article from: Interciencia by Gisela Cuenca, Alicia Caceres, et all 2007-01-01
Physiological and genetical aspects of mycorrhizae: Proceedings of the 1st European Symposium on Mycorrhizae, Dijon, 1-5 July 1985 = Aspects physiologiques ... sur les mycorhizes, Dijon, 1-5 juillet 1985
Ecological and applied aspects of ecto- and endomycorrhizal associations: Proceedings of 2nd European Symposium on Mycorrhizae, held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 5-9 August 1988
World literature on Mycorrhizae (Contributions of Reed Herbarium) by Edward Hacskaylo, 1973
Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient uptake from infertile soils (Illustrated concepts in tropical agriculture) by Russell S Yost, 1980

lists with details

Backyard Gardener - Mycorrhizae: The Friendly Fungus, October 21, 1998
mycorrhizae The Friendly Fungus October 21, 1998 Jeff Schalau, County Director, Agent, Agriculture Natural Resources Arizona Cooperative Extension
http://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/mycorrhizae.html

Extractions: Imagine a fungus that wraps around the roots of practically every plant in the landscape and uses the plant's energy to sustain it's own cellular metabolic needs. This fungus is everywhere. In fact, they are probably lurking under the soil in your back yard right now. No, this is not some scary story designed to raise the hair on the back of your neck during the appropriate season, it's real...it's mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae (pronounced mi-cor-ri-zay with long "i"s, short "o", and long "a") have a mutualistic relationship with the green plants that they colonize. In other words, both the fungus and the plant benefit from the association. In general, mycorrhizae assist the plant by expediting water and mineral nutrient acquisition. Tiny fungal strands called mycelia can grow through soil much faster and more easily than plant roots and can therefore exploit a much larger soil volume in search of these resources. In return, the plant provides carbohydrates (sugars) to the mycorrhizal fungus. Both endo and ectomycorrhizae are difficult and costly to grow in cultures outside of plant roots, but it can be done. Soil inoculants are available for both types. Most crop plants form associations with endomycorrhizae. And the inoculum can be applied to the soil prior to planting. There are certainly biological benefits to inoculating, but the jury is still out on the economic returns of doing so. One of the biological benefits is protection from root rot fungi. In theory, the mycorrhizae fill a niche that could otherwise be occupied by a disease causing pathogen. On the other hand, if crops are doing well and require low inputs of fertilizers, you may well already have a natural population of mycorrhizae. This is an excellent reason NOT to fumigate soils just because we can. There are also many beneficial soil organisms: nitrogen fixing bacteria, predatory nematodes, benign decomposing fungi, etc.
Fungi And Mycorrhizae FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions About Fungi and mycorrhizae. Contact Dr. James Traquair. 4. What are mycorrhizae and what is their role in agriculture ?
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/faqs/fun

Extractions: Fungi and Mycorrhizae FAQ Menu URL: http://res.agr.ca/lond/pmrc/faq/menu.html What are fungi and how do they differ from bacteria ? What is the ecological role of fungi in soil and on plant surfaces ? How do agricultural practices affect the fungi in soil ? What are mycorrhizae and what is their role in agriculture ? ... Other Related WEB Links Return to FAQ Table of Contents Return to PMRC HomePage 1. eukaryote, filamentous, yeast, chitinous walls, glucans, conidia, spores, sclerotia 2. saprophyte, parasite, pathogen, biotroph, necrotroph, mildew, root rot, damping off ,antibiosis, mutualism, symbiosis, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pythium spp., Thielaviopsis elegans, nutrient cycling 3. crop rotation, selection pressure, amendment, enrichment, anaerobic, tillage, pesticide residue, drainage,host specificity, propagule survival, dispersal 4. Glomus spp.. Gigaspora spp., vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, growth promotion, mutualism, nutrient absorption, fertility, phosphorus azygospore, chlamydospore, disease suppression, drought tolerance,carrier, agarose beads, pelletization, peat-based potting medium, obligate symbiont, colonized root fragments
Template
Some mycorrhizae grow between old, dead leaves, and in brownrotted wood suggesting that the fungi may be able to digest lignin), discolored wood (Wood that is
http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/M/

Extractions: Mature Tree Bark Mature bark (phellem - outer bark) is the corky outer bark that forms on, or as, a tree of most species matures. It is primarily made up of suberin. Layers of green cortex-like tissues often form in fissures on old trees that have thick bark. (Click here for info from SHIGO, 2002 on Bark) See Bark. See Inner Bark. See Outer Bark. ... See Fissures
Effects Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae On The Growth And Uptake Of Some Hea
Effects of VesicularArbuscular mycorrhizae on The Growth and Uptake of Some Heavy Metals by Oat(Avena Sativa L.) Songül ÇELÝK (DALCI) 1 , Sevinç ARCAK 2 1
http://www.toprak.org.tr/isd/can_15.htm

Extractions: In this study, the effects of VA mycorrhizae on the growth of oat and the uptake of some heavy metals by the plant were studied. Within this context, oat roots were inoculated with VAM fungus and the rate of infection on the roots was determined. Heavy metal contents increased in soil, root, stem and leaves, depending on the increased doses of Cu, Zn and Cd being applied to both inoculated and non-inoculated treatments. A decrease was observed in the rate of mycorrhizal infection associated with the increased doses of heavy metals. Increased doses of Cu, Zn and Cd resulted in more accumulation in oat root, stem and leaf systems in the non-infected treatments. However , a large part of the metals were retained by roots and thereby less translocation to stems and leaves occurred in the infected treatments. Consequently, VA mycorrhiza hindered metal movements to stem and leaves. With the advent of environmental problems originating from pollutants having been transmitted up to the consumer through food chain, the concept of ecological pollution has been the focal issue. Today, agriculture practices being full filled by taking environmental concerns into account are of great importance. This phenomena has urged consistent cultivation and production systems to be developed and implemented. The purpose of the agriecosystem is to ensure alternatives with the concern that population of natural species is to be sustained and the likelihood hazardous effects is to be minimized. One of these alternatives proposed is that soil microorganisms might be used in agriculture, thereby a natural protection management might be promoted. As known, mycorrhizal fungus gives the plants an ability to resist heavy metal stress and enviromentally pollution agents.
Mycorrhizae: Impacts On Production, QB 95-11
ISSN10525378. mycorrhizae Impacts on Production. January 1989 - January 1995. 3, C14*33. 4, SS S34 AND UD=89069999. mycorrhizae Impacts on Production.
http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb95-11.htm
Mycorrhizae
Links Science Biology Mycology mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae Web Search Results Below (Add Your Site or modify). A Practical Introduction
http://www.zookle.com/Science/Biology/Mycology/Mycorrhizae/
Mycorrhiza - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
A mycorrhiza (typically seen in the plural form mycorrhizae meaning fungus roots ) is a distinct type of root symbiosis in which individual hyphae extending
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhiza

Extractions: Other languages: Dansk Deutsch From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A mycorrhiza (typically seen in the plural form mycorrhizae meaning "fungus roots") is a distinct type of root symbiosis in which individual hyphae extending from the mycelium of a fungus colonize the roots of a host plant . Different sorts of fungal structures are found in mycorrhizal trees and in roots of most herbaceous plants. These fungi belong to a group called ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae respectively, forming mycorrhizal networks, which can be detected in the soil organic layers. Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with the roots of 95% of all vascular plants . Plant roots in nature are predominantly mycorrhizae. It is the non-mycorrhizal root that is the exception. Sterile soils and growth media often perform poorly without the addition of organic supplements that provide the spores and hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi to "infect" the plant roots to restore the natural state of affairs. The same organic supplements also populate the rhizoshpere (plant-soil interface) with beneficial bacteria such as Rhizobia (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and other nitrogen or sulfur-releasing bacteria that make nutrients in the soil available for absorption by plants. The addition of biotic supplements (such as Rhizobia-treated legume seeds) is commonplace in modern agricultural practice to increase yields. Mycorrhizal fungi explore a larger volume of soil than root systems at a lower cost to the plant. Some of the earliest fossil plants show evidence of mycorrhizae associated with them. Mycorrhizal plants are generally more resistant to diseases e.g. caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens, and are also more resistant to the effects of drought.
Forest Nursery Pests - Mycorrhizae: Benefits And Practical Application In Forest
mycorrhizae Benefits and Practical Application in Forest Tree Nurseries. Most plants require mycorrhizae for normal growth and development in natural soils.
http://www.forestpests.org/nursery/mycorrhizae.html

Extractions: Harvey V. Toko - Director, Forest Pest Management, Region 8, USDA Forest Service, Atlanta, GA. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 680, December 1989. This publication supercedes "Forest Nursery Diseases in the United States," Agriculture Handbook No. 470, issued March 1975. Mycorrhizae: Benefits and Practical Application in Forest Tree Nurseries Donald H. Marx - Director, Institute of Mycorrhizal Research, USDA Forest Service, Athens GA,
Science - Biology - Mycology - Mycorrhizae Directory - Search
Top Science Biology Mycology mycorrhizae See also Science Agriculture Soils (323); Science Biology Botany (574); Science
http://www.sedirectory.net/Science/Biology/Mycology/Mycorrhizae/

Extractions: Web Hosting Dir Web Design Dir Search Engine Dir Hardware Info ... Resources Search: Top Science Biology Mycology ... Mycorrhizae See also: Science: Agriculture: Soils Science: Biology: Botany Science: Biology: Ecology: Microbial Ecology Science: Biology: Ecology: Plant Ecology ... Above Grounder's Introduction to Mycorrhizae - Topics include the benefits of mycorrhizae to the plant and uses in habitat restoration, revegetation, and agriculture. Afforestation of Treeless Areas - Report on mycorrhiza formation with tree genera from around the world and use in reforestation projects. Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site - Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. Organized links and information related for education, research and business applications of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza.com - Information on the use of mycorrhizal inoculum. Mycorrhizal Inoculum - We are a manufacturer and supplier of products to aid in the establishment and protection of new plantings in reforestation, land restoration, and other non-irrigated applications. Our materials are scientifically selected and developed for maximum performance in your difficult field conditions. Mycorrhizal Symbioses - Primer, by David M. Sylvia, based on a chapter in Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology.
Mycorrhizae
mycorrhizae. What are mycorrhizae? Rosemania Customers Note We now have two forms of mycorrhizae. The first is the 1 pound container pictured above.
http://rosemania.com/shopsite_sc/store/html/product338.html

Extractions: Benefits include: There is a lot of confusion about mycorrhizae, a word that describes the common relationship between plants and beneficial fungi. While the modern gardener is just beginning to learn about mycorrhizae, it has actually been around for millions of years. In fact, the fossil record shows that mycorrhiza appeared at about the same time as plants appeared on land. The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form "mutualistic symbioses" with fungi. This is termed "mycorrhizae" which means fungus-root. This term is derived from the Greek, "mykes" which means mushroom or fungus and "rhiza" which mean root. The relationship is mutually beneficial. It forms colonies on the roots of a host plant. The fungus spreads threadlike feeding structures called hyphae into the soil. This type of colonization allows the host plant to develop a much larger root system, sometimes 100 times in length with up to 2000 times more surface area.
In Harmony, Organic Based Landscape Services - Services - Products - Mycorrhizae
present in the soil. mycorrhizae also suppress diseases and pathogens in the soil, and they improve soil structure. In Harmony has
http://www.inharmony.com/html/mycorrhizae.html

Extractions: Recent research has shown that a beneficial fungus, mycorrhize, is invaluable when it forms a symbiotic relationship with plant roots in the soil. These fungi colonize the plant roots and extend the root system into the surrounding soil. In healthy soil, there may be several miles of mycorrhizal filaments in a teaspoon of soil. In Harmony has a system to inoculate soils with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi, in combination with growth-promoting bacteria. After inoculation, the mycorrhizae will grow within the soil profile and begin to form a truly remarkable symbiotic relationship that will protect plants and promote plant health. Home Site Map Search 23622 Bothell/Everett Highway, Bothell, WA 98021 TEL: 425.486.2180 or Toll Free: 888.472.7748
Mycorrhizae - Find The Latest Books, CDs And Technical Publications From Over 50
mycorrhizae bookshop, books, science technical publications, CDROMs, slide sets. mycorrhizae. Also indexed as VAM fungi endomycorrhizae
http://www.cplpress.com/glossary/G606.htm
Mycorrhizae And Plant Health
mycorrhizae and Plant Health bookshop, books, science technical publications, CDROMs, slide sets. mycorrhizae and Plant Health.
http://www.cplpress.com/contents/C248.htm

Extractions: Softcover 360 pages ISBN 0-89054-158-2 This book emphasizes the key role mycorrhizae play in sustainable systems of agricultural and forest production. Includes a discussion of ectomycorrhizae that occur on several major families of trees being managed for wood products. The contents are as follows: Preface Contributors Role of Mycorrhizae in Biocontrol Role of Mycorrhizae in Reclamation Effects of Cultural Practices and Pesticides on Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae and Atmospheric Pollution Effects of Mycorrhizae on Biogeochemistry and Soil Structure Current Status of Field Application of Mycorrhizal Fungi Involvement of Cropping Systems, Plant Produced Compounds and Inoculum Production in the Functioning of VAM Fungi
Science Search > Mycorrhizae
Home. Current location Biology Mycology mycorrhizae, 1. Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information.
http://www.science-search.org/index/Biology/Mycology/Mycorrhizae/
Mycorrhizae And Roots
mycorrhizae and Roots. printable version. Mycorrhizal cycling. mycorrhizae are another avenue by which plants increase soil resource acquisition.
http://groups.ucanr.org/jacksonlab/Roots_and_Mycorrhizae/

Extractions: Mycorrhizal and Non-Mychorrhizal Tomatos Root architecture and root growth are important for exploration of soil for water and nutrients, as the acquisition of these resources drives plant growth. Several important concepts, however, govern the development of roots and their direct and indirect effects on plant growth (Jackson, Ms. submitted, chapter in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment Roots are highly plastic, i.e. , architecture and growth are highly responsive to environmental conditions, and therefore can optimize resource acquisition. Tradeoffs exist in root form and function. The costs of producing roots can yield benefits in terms of the acquisition of soil water and nutrients and ultimately, plant growth and fitness. Genetic analysis has revealed that root architectural traits are often multi-gene or quantitative traits. Roots affect attributes of plant communities and ecosystems, due to their effects on resource acquisition, growth, productivity, water budgets, and nutrient cycling. Mycorrhizae are another avenue by which plants increase soil resource acquisition. For many plant species, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is known to have the following effects (e.g., Smith and Read, 1997
Mycorrhizae And Microbial Communities In Organic Production
mycorrhizae and Roots mycorrhizae and Microbial Communities in Organic Production. printable version Louise Jackson, Tim Cavagnaro, Kate Scow.
http://groups.ucanr.org/jacksonlab/Roots_and_Mycorrhizae/Mycorrhizae_and_Microbi

Extractions: Louise Jackson, Tim Cavagnaro, Kate Scow A new project is underway to study microbial communities and soil processes in organically-grown tomatoes, as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The following hypotheses will be tested: Arbuscular mycorrhizae may be beneficial for organic production because they increase crop uptake of N and P from soil, and may stimulate nutrient release from soil organic matter and the occurrence of other microbes that further increase the nutrient supply to plants, at the time when plant demand is highest. Management practices that boost N and P to high concentrations should be avoided because they may decrease mycorrhizal symbiosis and increase losses of nitrate (NO -N) and P to the environment. Our specific objectives are: Survey fresh-market tomatoes on many organic farms to obtain an inventory on soil properties, mycorrhizal colonization and management practices. Compare fresh-market tomato yield and quality in response to N and P availability, with and without mycorrhizae, using the rmc tomato (Barker et al., 1998
Mycorrhizae Cross Section
mycorrhizae cross section. Arrow A is pointing to the Hartig net. It s the reddish material surrounding the cortical cells (arrow
http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/glossary/mycorrhi/myco.htm
Mycorrhizae Photos
Scanning Electron Micrographs of mycorrhizae. This is what the the fungus. SEM Photo of the Cross Section of a mycorrhizae. In this
http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/cnotes/sec3/myco.htm

Extractions: Here is a classic picture of mycorrhizae. These pictures are high resolution and will look fantastic on computers with modern video cards. This is the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata on ponderosa pine. Note the bifuricate shape of the mycorrhizae. You can see the fungal sheath (white area), hyphae, and hyphal strands (if you have 400x vision!). Thank you Jim Trappe for the slide! This is what the outer fungal sheath of a mycorrhizae actually looks like. As the micrograph shows the hyphae are about 1 micron in width. The bar at the bottom is 10 microns. Note the clamp connections i.e. those raised bulbous looking things! Some of the little dots are (likely) bacteria. Yes, the soil bacteria probably have some interaction with the fungus. In this photo you are looking at the cross section of a feeder root in mycorrhizal association with a fungus. In the center of the picture you can see the xylem. The large cells are cortical cells. Moving outwards look closely and you will see that the fungus has pushed itself between the cortical cells (Hartig Net: named for Dr. Hartig). Finally, there is the fungal sheath on the outside. The bar in the picture (lower left) is 10 microns. Another close up!
Mycorrhizae
VA mycorrhizae (VAM) in Agriculture. What Are VA Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi? VA mycorrhizae alias vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal
http://bbclabs.com/mycorrhi.htm

Extractions: VA Mycorrhizae (VAM) in Agriculture What Are VA Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi? VA mycorrhizae [alias: vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)] are beneficial fungi that penetrate and colonize the root of the plant, then send out filaments (hyphae) into the surrounding soil. The term mycorrhizae literally means " fungus-root s" and VAM is considered endomycorrhizal since it colonizes the interior of the root. How Do VAM Fungi Work? VAM fungi are associated with the plant in a mutually beneficial relationship. The VAM fungi, nestled inside the root, sends out long filaments or hyphae to explore up to 200 times the soil area available to the root alone. The hyphae literally form a bridge that connects the plant root with large areas of soil and serves as a pipeline to funnel nutrients back to the plant. In return, the plant must supply the VAM fungi with carbon for the fungal growth and energy needs. This plant-fungal relationship is an elegant association and its development is evidently regulated by several factors. The promotion of root colonization by the VAM fungi is enhanced by different soil bacteria known as
Mycorrhizae (VAM) Sampling
BBC LABORATORIES, INC. 1217 N. Stadem Drive, Tempe, AZ 85281 Phone (480)9675931 Fax (480)967-5036.
http://bbclabs.com/mycorrhi1.htm

Extractions: Sampling Instructions Sample Area A sample area is defined by plants of the same variety, in the same type of soil, and under the same irrigation and treatment program. It is always beneficial to not Root Excavation Small (lower order) roots should be excavated with care to preserve that attachment of the fine terminal feeder roots which will be examined for the VAM colonization. A representative composite sample is obtained from the defined sample area (see above) by combining root samples from 6-10 plants within the area being tested. A total of approximately 50 inches of terminal feeder root is necessary for the analysis. If a drip system is used in vineyards and orchards, these roots will be more easily obtained in the vicinity of the dripper. For other irrigation systems it may be necessary to investigate the best place for excavation. Sample Collection The sample roots are to be collected in a labeled, self-sealing plastic bag. Soil will be removed if necessary and appropriate roots will be excised at the laboratory.

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