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Carbon-14 Dating:     more books (21)

Carbon-14 Dating of Iron by N.J.Van Der Merwe, 1969-10 Preparation of water sample for carbon-14 dating (Circular) by H. R Feltz, 1963 Carbon 14 Dating of Iron by VanDerMerweNikol, 1969 C480 Preparation of water sample for carbon-14 dating The carbon-14 dating of iron by Nikolaas J Van der Merwe, 1969 Isotopes of Carbon: Radiocarbon Dating, Carbon-14, Isotopes of Carbon, Carbon-13, Carbon-12, 13c, Carbon-11, Carbon-8, Carbon-9, Carbon-10 Carbon-14 dating by Willard F Libby, 1961 Carbon 14 dating of some Arctic soils, (New Jersey. Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick. Mimeographed note) by John C. F Tedrow, 1958 The extraction of collagen under the Modified Longin Method with subsequent treatment by ninhydrin for use in Carbon 14 dating by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry techniques by Russell Tarver, 1995 Carbon-14 and Other Radioactive Dating Methods by George Howe, 1970 Carbon-14 and other Radioactive Dating Methods by George Howe, 1970 Radiocarbon Dating: Radiometric Dating, Radionuclide, Before Present, Beta Decay, Exponential Decay, Carbon-14, Age of the Earth, Environmental Radioactivity, ... de Vries, Calibration Curve, Half-Life Radiocarbon dating of archaeological samples (sambaqui) using CO"2 absorption and liquid scintillation spectrometry of low background radiation [An article ... Journal of Environmental Radioactivity] by M.L.T.G. Mendonca, J.M. Godoy, et all Carbon-14 dates and early man in the New World by C. Vance Haynes, 1967

lists with details

1. Carbon-14 Dating
   carbon14 dating. Parent. Daughter. Half-Life. Carbon-14. Nitrogen-14. 5730 years. carbon-14 dating is important in archeology. Archeologists use counts of the radioactive isotope C-14 to date organic remains such as wood, bone, and charcoal.  
   http://lilt.ics.hawaii.edu/belvedere/materials/Mass-Extinctions/C14date.htm
   
   Extractions: Parent Daughter Half-Life Carbon-14 Nitrogen-14 5730 years Carbon-14 dating is important in archeology. Archeologists use counts of the radioactive isotope C-14 to date organic remains such as wood, bone, and charcoal. It's usable in the range of about 50,000 years to the present. Here's why it works: Living animals (and people!) absorb all the isotopes of carbon. They absorb the unstable isotope Carbon-14, as well as the stable isotopes C-13 and C-12. Carbon-14 decays into N-14 continuously. After an organism's death, C-14 continues to decay but no new C-14 is added. So measuring the amount of C-14 left tells you how long ago the organism lived and died. Since the half-life of C-14 is relatively short, ancient remains have very little C-14. Carbon-14 dating isn't so useful for geologists and paleontologists, because the objects they're interested in are usually much, much older than 50,000 years. Dating with other radioisotopes is very useful for geologists and paleontologists.

2. Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
   How carbon14 dating Works. Introduction to How carbon-14 dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Lots More Information Shop or Compare Prices.  
   http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm
   
   Extractions: Table of Contents Introduction to How Carbon-14 Dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Lots More Information Shop or Compare Prices You probably have seen or read news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old. A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago. How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are? What methods do they use and how do these methods work? In this edition of How Stuff Works , we will examine the methods by which scientists use radioactivity to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.

3. Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
   Introductory tutorial.  
   http://www.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm
   
   Extractions: Table of Contents Introduction to How Carbon-14 Dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Lots More Information Shop or Compare Prices You probably have seen or read news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old. A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago. How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are? What methods do they use and how do these methods work? In this edition of How Stuff Works , we will examine the methods by which scientists use radioactivity to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.

4. How Carbon-14 Dating Works
   How carbon14 dating Works How Stuff Works is a site that offers in-depth articles explaining in simple terms how things work. This article provides a detailed description of how carbon-14 is used  
   http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm&

5. Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
   How carbon14 dating Works. by Marshall Brain, A formula to calculate how old a sample is by carbon-14 dating is t = ln (N f /N o ) / (-0.693) xt 1/2.  
   http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-142.htm
   
   Extractions: As soon as a living organism dies, it stops taking in new carbon. The ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 at the moment of death is the same as every other living thing, but the carbon-14 decays and is not replaced. The carbon-14 decays with its half-life of 5,700 years, while the amount of carbon-12 remains constant in the sample. By looking at the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in the sample and comparing it to the ratio in a living organism, it is possible to determine the age of a formerly living thing fairly precisely. A formula to calculate how old a sample is by carbon-14 dating is: t = [ ln (N f /N o ) / (-0.693) ] x t

6. World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts - Shroud Of Turin
   Learn about arguments suggesting that the relic considered to be Christ's burial cloth, is much older than early estimates based on carbon14 dating.  
   http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_2.htm
   
   Extractions: Artifacts ... Home You are here: world-mysteries.com strange artifacts shroud of turin Strange Artifacts Piri Reis Map (1513) Shroud of Turin Aztec Calendar Antikythera Device ... VoynichManuscript Strange Artifacts Image Theories Carbon 14 Books/Video Related Links The Shroud of Turin is reputedly Christ's burial cloth. It has been a religious relic since the Middle Ages. To believers it was divine proof the Christ was resurrected from the grave, to doubters it was evidence of human gullibility and one of the greatest hoaxes in the history of art.

7. How Accurate Are Carbon-14 And Other Radioactive Dating Methods? - ChristianAnsw
   Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of the calibration of carbon14 dating earlier than historical  
   http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c007.html
   
   Extractions: See this page in: Hungarian Russian Spanish P eople who ask about carbon-14 ( C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history. Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering the reason Jesus came into the world (See Six Days? Honestly! Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, "But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female" ( Mark 10:6 This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years. We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods. How the Carbon Clock Works Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in "lead" pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or

8. Carbon-14 Dating
   The problem with carbon14 dating. carbon-14 dating. Science. Miracles. Evolution. Creation. Carbon Dating Islam. Problem Dating methods (currently Carbon-14) are cited as definitely proving  
   http://www.wrestedscriptures.com/c03carbon-14/carbon14.html
   
   Extractions: In order to critically appraise the claim that C-14 "definitely proves" the age of man to be at least 30,000 years, a description of C-14 dating is required: The C-14 dating method is only reliable if the general assumption of the uniformity of nature is valid. Uniformity of nature is the belief that present causes solely have operated in the past. Within this general assumption are two particular assumptions: That fossilized creatures when living had as much C-14 as similar things have today. That the rate of decay of C-14 has remained constant (i.e., that the rate of decay has not changed in the interval from when the creatures lived to the present day).

9. Carbon-14 Dating
   carbon14 dating. Radio-carbon dating is a method of obtaining age estimates on organic materials which has been used to date samples as old as 700,000 years.  
   http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/ca

10. Carbon-14 Dating
    Decay Rate Carbon 14 Dating. Interaction of RT/Matter carbon-14 dating. Radio-carbon dating is a method of obtaining age estimates on organic materials which has been used  
    http://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/ca

11. Carbon-14 Dating
    carbon14 dating. After reading has decayed. Review carbon-14 dating can determine the age of a fossil that is up to 50,000 years old.  
    http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/carbon14dating.h
    
    Extractions: Home Education Resources Science of NDT Radiography CARBON-14 DATING After reading this section you will be able to do the following As you learned in the previous page, carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 to find the approximate age of an object that is 50,000 years old or younger. In the following section we are going to go more in-depth about carbon dating in order to help you get a better understanding of how it works. What exactly is radiocarbon dating? Radiocarbon dating is a method of estimating the age of organic material. It was developed right after World War II by Willard F. Libby and coworkers, and it has provided a way to determine the ages of different materials in archeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science. Some examples of the types of material that radiocarbon can determine the ages of are wood, charcoal, marine and freshwater shell, bone and antler, and peat and organic-bearing sediments. Age determinations can also be obtained from carbonate deposits such as calcite, dissolved carbon dioxide, and carbonates in ocean, lake, and groundwater sources.

12. Radiometric Dating
    How does carbon14 dating work? All living things contain a constant ratio of Carbon 14 to Carbon 12. ( 1 in a trillion).  
    http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/radio.htm
    
    Extractions: Quantify the date in years. Radiometric Dating Naturally-occurring radioactive materials break down into other materials at known rates. This is known as radioactive decay Radioactive parent elements decay to stable daughter elements. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. In 1905, Rutherford and Boltwood used the principle of radioactive decay to measure the age of rocks and minerals (using Uranium decaying to produce Helium. In 1907, Boltwood dated a sample of urnanite based on uranium/lead ratios. Amazingly, this was all done before isotopes were known, and before the decay rates were known accurately. The invention of the MASS SPECTROMETER after World War I (post-1918) led to the discovery of more than 200 isotopes. Many radioactive elemtns can be used as geologic clocks. Each radioactive element decays at its own nearly constant rate. Once this rate is known, geologists can estimate the length of time over which decay has been occurring by measuring the amount of radioactive parent element and the amount of stable daughter elements Examples: In the above table, note that the number is the

13. What About Carbon Dating?
    Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of carbon14 dating earlier than historical records allow, but this  
    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/carbon_dating.asp
    
    Extractions: UPHOLDING THE AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE FROM THE VERY FIRST VERSE SEARCH Contact Us Home Store Events ... Contact us Refuting Compromise A biblical and scientific refutation of ‘Progressive Creationism’ (billions of years). Order your copy today. Bookstore and resource center Creation Magazine Subscribe Renew Search Archives: Upcoming Events Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States Walsall, West Midlands, United Kingdom Bridgwater, Somerset, United Kingdom Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom ... Printer-friendly version By Ken Ham Jonathan Sarfati , and Carl Wieland , Ed. Don Batten First published in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book

14. Giem, P. --- Carbon-14 Dating Models And Experimental Implications
    carbon14 dating MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Paul Giem, MA, MD Loma Linda, California. Any model of carbon-14 dating must satisfy certain constraints.  
    http://www.grisda.org/origins/24050.htm
    
    Extractions: Loma Linda, California Origins WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT Eight categories of models for converting carbon-14 dates into real time are discussed. Six of these models are based on a creation as described in Genesis and a short age of life on earth. Differences between the models are specified, especially those that are subject to experimental testing. Such features include (1) differences between ring years and radiocarbon years in trees that should be immediately postdiluvian by creationist theories, (2) the accuracy, or lack thereof, of the dendrochronological radiocarbon calibration curve in the historical era, and (3) the possible existence of carbon-14 in antediluvian fossil material. Suggestions are offered for experimental projects that would resolve these uncertainties. In this paper I will discuss eight categories of carbon-14 models and their experimental implications. Six, or three-quarters of these, are creationist models. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate thinking and to argue for an experimental perspective. CONSTRAINTS Any model of carbon-14 dating must satisfy certain constraints. First, since carbon-14 dating is objective and reproducible, it cannot be ignored. One cannot simply dismiss it out of hand; there should be an explanatory model for the data. Second, it has been validated at least back to 300 B.C. by comparison with many other reliable dating methods.

15. Carbon-14 Dating
    carbon14 dating,. also called RADIOCARBON DATING, method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14).  
    http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/104_33.html
    
    Extractions: also called RADIOCARBON DATING, method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth's atmosphere; the neutrons required for this reaction are produced by cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere. Radiocarbon present in molecules of atmospheric carbon dioxide enters the biological carbon cycle: it is absorbed from the air by green plants and then passed on to animals through the food chain. Radiocarbon decays slowly in a living organism, and the amount lost is continually replenished as long as the organism takes in air or food. Once the organism dies, however, it ceases to absorb carbon-14, so that the amount of the radiocarbon in its tissues steadily decreases. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 +/-40 years i.e. , half the amount of the radioisotope present at any given time will undergo spontaneous disintegration during the succeeding 5,730 years. Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon. The carbon-14 method was developed by the American physicist Willard F. Libby

16. Carbon-14 Dating --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article
    Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, carbon14 dating Britannica Concise. To cite this page MLA style carbon-14 dating. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2004.  
    http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=385090

17. CARBON-14 DATING THE GIZA PYRAMIDS? The Small Relics Found Inside The Pyramids -
    carbon14 dating THE GIZA PYRAMIDS? Unfortunately the small piece of cedar-like wood was missing, and thus no Carbon 14 dating was possible.  
    http://www.robertbauval.com/articles/DE49.html
    
    Extractions: THE BACKGROUND Until late in 1993, it was generally believed that no artefacts or relics of any kind were found inside the Giza pyramids that might be contemporary with the construction of the monuments and, consequently, that no organic material, such as wood, human bones or textile fibres, was available to scientists that could be used for dating the pyramids by the Carbon 14 method We know of certain suspect artefacts found in the Giza pyramids that, had they survived, could have been used for Carbon 14 dating. For example, it is reported by Abu Szalt, a medieval Arab chronicler from Spain, that when the Caliph Ma'amoun entered the Great Pyramid for the first time in the 9th century and made his way to sarcophagus in the King's Chamber, '…the lid was forced opened, but nothing was discovered excepting some bones completely decayed by time.' . In 1818, when Belzoni entered the Second Pyramid (Khafre), he found some bones inside the sarcophagus which apparently turned out to be from a bull

18. Sci.skeptic FAQ Creation Versus Evolution
    They hold that modern science has misinterpreted the evidence about the age of the universe. Top 5.3 What about carbon14 dating?  
    http://home.xnet.com/~blatura/skep_5.html
    
    Extractions: 5.1: Is the Bible evidence of anything? Apart from the beliefs of those who wrote it, no. It is true that most Christians take the truth of at least some parts of the bible as an article of faith, but non-Christians are not so constrained. Quoting the bible to such a person as "evidence" will simply cause them to question the accuracy of the bible. See the alt.atheism FAQ lists for more details. Some things in the bible are demonstrably true, but this does not make the bible evidence, since there are also things in the bible that are demonstrably false. 5.2: Could the Universe have been created old? An argument is sometimes put forward along the following lines: We know from biblical evidence (see above) that the Universe is about 6,000 years old. Therefore God created it 6,000 years ago with fossils in the ground and light on its way from distant stars, so that there is no way of telling the real age of the Universe simply by looking at it. This is the "Omphalos" (Navel) theory of Edmund Gosse. Adam had no mother so did not need a navel, but was created by God with one, i.e. physical proof of connection with a nonexistent mother. Similarly, at the moment of Creation the world was chock-full of things that must have happened yesterday, when yesterday did not exist. The hypothesis is unfalsifiable, and therefore not a scientific one (see the section on the scientific method). It could also be made for any date in the past (like last Tuesday). Finally it requires that God, who is alleged to speak to us through His Works, should be lying to us by setting up a misleading Creation. This seems to be rather inconsistent with Biblical claims of God being the source of all truth.

19. AlphaNOVA | Carbon-14 Dating Fact And Fiction
    carbon14 dating Fact and Fiction Today many people believe carbon-14 dating is solid, irrefutable evidence for long ages. Is this true?  
    http://www.worldbydesign.org/alphanova/programs/c14dating.html

20. Problems With Radiometric And Carbon-14 Dating
    Problems with Radiometric and carbon14 dating Are the findings of evolution research and its chronology any better than those of the chronology of ancient  
    http://www.specialtyinterests.net/carbon14.html
    
    Extractions: Radiocarbon dating is still a young science and even though there has been done a lot of research we must understand that each individual tends to accept those data which fit his expectations. What I am attempting to do now is point out some areas of cautions or possible pitfalls in relying too heavily on such dating methods.

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