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Zernike Frits:     more detail

Hochschullehrer (Groningen): Frits Zernike, Manfred Lachs, Gerard Baerends, Johan Huizinga, Serge Daan, Hans Heinz Holz (German Edition) Osa Proceedings on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: Proceedings of the Tropical Meeting, September 19-21, 1994 Monterey, California by Frits Zernike, 1995-03 Applied Nonlinear Optics by Frits Zernike, John E. Midwinter, 2006-10-06 University of Groningen Faculty: Johann Bernoulli, Ioan P. Culianu, Frits Zernike, Dirk Coster, Jacobus Kapteyn, Henk G. Sol Frits Zernike: Groninger nobelprijsdrager, 1888-1966 (Dutch Edition)

lists with details

41. Document: 50 Years Nobel Prize Frits Zernike
    back. 50 Years Nobel Prize frits zernike in Phase Contrast Microscopy 1953 - 2003, The scientific design of the microscope is based  
    http://www.zeiss.com/C12567BE0045ACF1/allBySubject/9DA9D117C0C82F46C1256D5000446
    
    Extractions: back 50 Years Nobel Prize Frits Zernike in Phase Contrast Microscopy - 1953 - 2003 The scientific design of the microscope is based on the theory for image formation developed by Ernst Abbe in 1873. With the introduction of apochromatic lenses and oil immersion, the theoretical limit of resolution of 200 nm (0.2µ) was reached at this early stage. The back focal plane of the objective is one of the most important planes in the microscope with regard to both illumination and, especially, contrast. In 1935, the Dutch physicist Frits Zernike published his work on phase contrast microscopy, which is based on recognizing the difference between the diffraction patterns formed by an absorbing and a non-absorbing object. Because of the importance to applications in biology and medicine, Zernike was awarded the Nobel price in physics in 1953. The first prototype of a phase contrast microscope was constructed by Zeiss Jena in 1936. Following this, in 1941, Dr. Kurt Michel, head of the department of microscopy in Jena, produced the first 35mm phase contrast movie recording meiosis in the spermatogenesis of the grasshopper (Psophus stridulus L.).

42. AbsoluteFacts.nl - Frits Zernike (1888-1966)
    frits zernike. frits (eigenlijk Frederik) zernike werd geboren in Amsterdamop 16 juli 1888, als de tweede zoon uit een gezin met zes kinderen.  
    http://www.absofacts.com/wetenschap/data/zernicke.shtml
    
    Extractions: Reeds in zijn jeugd hield Zernike zich bezig met natuurkunde. In 1905 ging hij chemie studeren aan de universiteit te Amsterdam. Natuur- en wiskunde waren zijn bijvakken. In 1913 vroeg Kapteyn, professor astronomie aan de universiteit te Groningen hem om assistent te worden. Twee jaar later ging Zernike les geven aan deze universiteit in het vak natuurkunde. In 1920 werd hij gepromoveerd tot professor. Na 1930 ging hij zich met optiek bezighouden. Hij ontwikkelde de fase-contrastmicroscoop, waardoor levende wezens en organismen bestudeerd kunnen worden zonder kleuring. Deze uitvinding ontving niet meteen de belangstelling die ze verdiende. Zeiss, de beroemde fabriek van optische instrumenten, zag aanvankelijk niets in de microscoop. Tijdens de oorlog werd het belang van de microscoop door de Wehrmacht ingezien en werd de microscoop verder ontwikkeld en gefabriceerd. Na de oorlog werd de microscoop ook door andere firma's in productie genomen.

43. Frits Zernike [Pictures And Photos Of]
    frits zernike. frits zernike Picture, Photo, Photograph; Middle aged;profile; suit; looking through phasecontrast microscope; Zernicke F1.  
    http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Zernike_Frits.html

44. Online-Lexikon: Frits Zernike
    Translate this page frits zernike. Academicus.ch - Kostenloses Online-Lexikon. frits zernike. fritszernike (*16. Juli 1888 in Amsterdam, †10. März 1966 in Naarden), Physiker  
    http://www.academicus.ch/de/frits_zernike.html

45. Frits Zernike Encyclopedia : Maps - Weather - Travel - History - Economy - Gover
    frits zernike. Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966) was aDutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953.  
    http://thailand.asinah.net/en/wikipedia/f/fr/frits_zernike.html
    
    Extractions: Encyclopedia worldwide This article could be outdated : Visit our new Table of Contents Main Page Edit this page Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomialss , a mathematical technique now used, in advanced optics systems, for overcoming aberration This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it.

46. Frits Zernike :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius
    frits zernike. Online Encyclopedia Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966)was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953.  
    http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/f/fr/frits_zernike.html
    
    Extractions: Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomialss , a mathematical technique now used, in advanced optics systems, for overcoming aberration This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it. This content from wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Power Supplies Hardware Information Law Advice

47. Frits (Frederik) Zernike :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius
    Online Encyclopedia frits zernike (1888 1966) was a Dutch scientist who wonthe Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast  
    http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/f/fr/frits__frederik__zernike.html
    
    Extractions: Frits Zernike ) was a Dutch scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells. Frits (Frederik) Zernike Photo This content from wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Power Supplies Hardware Information Law Advice

48. Frits Zernike
    Translate this page Physiknobelpreis 1953 (Nobel Prize Physics 1953) frits zernike,niederl. Physiker, geb. 16. Juli 1888, gest. 10. Maerz 1966.  
    http://www.zuta.de/nppyhs/zernike.htm

49. Frits Zernike
    Applied Nonlinear Optics Applied Nonlinear Optics Written by frits zernike , JohnE. Midwinter Published by John Wiley Sons (January 1973) ISBN 0471982121.  
    http://engineering-books-online.com/search_Frits_Zernike/searchBy_Author.html

50. Frits Zernike - Wikipedia
    http://www.torfkopp.de/keyword/Frits_Zernike.php

51. Caramba! - Nobelova Cena - Fyzika (1943-1963)
    Purcell, Edward MI; Purcell, Edward M. II. Purcell, Edward M. III. 1953. zernike,frits I. zernike, frits II. 1954. Born, Max I. Born, Max II. Born, Max III.  
    http://www.caramba.cz/page.php?PgID=944

52. Skolavpohode.cz
    zernike, frits (18881966) Holandský vedec, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku prorok 1953, kterou dostal za zkonstruování fázove-kontrastního mikroskopu.  
    http://www.skolavpohode.cz/clanek.asp?polozkaID=4025

53. Skolavpohode.cz
    Lex, Zeeman, Pieter (1865 1943), zaregistruj se - uvidíš to. Lex,zernike, frits (1888-1966), zaregistruj se - uvidíš to. Další  
    http://www.skolavpohode.cz/prehled.asp?predmetID=13&start=3

54. Phase Contrast Microscope - Information
    Phase contrast is a method used in microscopy and developed in the early20th century by frits zernike. (see more frits zernike biography).  
    http://www.microscope-microscope.org/advanced/phase-contrast-microscope.htm
    
    Extractions: White dots inside each cell are the nuclei. About the images above: A common activity in a high school biology class is to observe cheek cells. To do this, you take a flat toothpick and gently scrape the inside of your cheek. You then smear the saliva specimen on a flat microscope slide and cover it with a cover slip. The cheek cells are epithelial cells and will be seen in large numbers. The students then add a drop of iodine to the sample and the nuclei of the cells become visible as small round dots inside the cell. In the two pictures above, we see the cells as they would appear without iodine with a regular microscope. At the right, you see the same specimen using a phase contrast microscope (actually, we used the same microscope with different lenses). This clearly shows that, for some specimens (called Phase Objects), a phase contrast microscope will greatly improve you image quality. Setting up your microscope for phase contrast observations (you must have special phase objective lenses and a phase substage condenser)

55. Frits Zernike: New & Used Books: Find The Lowest Price
    frits zernike Compare new and used books prices among 97 book stores ina click. Find the lowest price. Searched in books for frits zernike.  
    http://www.fetchbook.co.uk/search_Frits_Zernike/searchBy_Author.html

56. 20th Century Year By Year 1953
    Physics zernike, frits (FREDERIK), the Netherlands, Groningen University, b. 1888,d. 1966 for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for  
    http://www.multied.com/20th/1953.html

57. Frits Zernike Definition Meaning Information Explanation
    www.freedefinition.com/frits-Frederik-zernike.html More results from www.free-definition.com ClubCaminantes - Premios Nobel - Fisica - Translate this page zernike, frits (Países Bajos). Por su demostración del método de contraste defase, y en especial por la invención del micróscopio de contraste de fase.  
    http://www.free-definition.com/Frits-Zernike.html
    
    Extractions: Google News about your search term Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomial s, a mathematical technique since used in advanced optics systems for overcoming aberration Books about 'Frits Zernike' at: amazon.com or amazon.co.uk Note: This article from Wikipedia is made available under the terms of the GNU FDL

58. Encyclopedia: Frits (Frederik) Zernike
    frits zernike (1888 1966) was a Dutch scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physicsin 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument  
    http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Frits-(Frederik)-Zernike
    
    Extractions: several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable.

59. Encyclopedia: Frits Zernike
    Encyclopedia frits zernike. Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966)was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953.  
    http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Frits-Zernike
    
    Extractions: several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable.

60. Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Pha
    Phase contrast microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist frits zernike,is a contrastenhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce  
    http://www.molecularexpressions.com/primer/techniques/phasecontrast/phaseindex.h
    
    Extractions: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery A large spectrum of living biological specimens are virtually transparent when observed in the optical microscope under brightfield illumination. To improve visibility and contrast in such specimens, microscopists often reduce the opening size of the substage condenser iris diaphragm, but this maneuver is accompanied by a serious loss of resolution and the introduction of diffraction artifacts. Phase contrast was introduced in the 1930's for testing of telescope mirrors, and was adapted by Zeiss laboratories into a commercial microscope several years later. This technique provides an excellent method of improving contrast in unstained biological specimens without significant loss in resolution, and is widely utilized to examine dynamic events in living cells. Brief Overview of Phase Contrast - The search was still on in the early part of the twentieth century to find a way of using both direct and diffracted light from all azimuths to yield good contrast images of unstained objects that do not absorb light. Research by Frits Zernike during this period uncovered phase and amplitude differences between zeroth order and deviated light that can be altered to produce favorable conditions for interference and contrast enhancement. Phase Contrast Microscopy - Phase contrast microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike, is a contrast-enhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce high-contrast images of transparent specimens such as living cells, microorganisms, thin tissue slices, lithographic patterns, and sub-cellular particles (such as nuclei and other organelles). In effect, the phase contrast technique employs an optical mechanism to translate minute variations in phase into corresponding changes in amplitude, which can be visualized as differences in image contrast. One of the major advantages of phase contrast microscopy is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without being killed, fixed, and stained. As a result, the dynamics of ongoing biological processes in live cells can be observed and recorded in high contrast with sharp clarity of minute specimen detail.

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