161. Jigsaw Paradox Geometrical paradox. Bamboozlement is a different area. Curry s paradox. This is Martin Gardner s modified version of Curry s paradox. An http://www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/~sillke/PUZZLES/jigsaw-paradox.html

Geometrical Paradox Bamboozlement is a term suggested by Greg Frederickson to describe plane dissections, followed by rearrangment of pieces that result in a figure of supposedly different area. Curry's Paradox This is Martin Gardner's modified version of Curry's paradox. An extensive history and explanations are given in [Martin Gardner, 1956]. See also [Frederickson, 1997]. The picture made Daniel Takacs. A Chessboard Paradox Alex Bogomolny made an applet Fibonacci Bamboozlement where you can shift the pieces for squares of Fibonacci number size. Rectangular Transformation Paradox (4 Pieces) Given three numbers x , x , x in almost geometric progression which means that x x - x x is small. The following figure shows half of a x by x + x rectangle. Rearranging the four pieces gives a x + x by x rectangle. The area difference between the first and the second rectangle is The classical parameters given by Sam Loyd are (x , x , x , three consecutive Fibonacci numbers, in which case one rectangle is a square as x + x = x . Other transformations are given in the table below. Typically you find the note that this transformation can be made for arbitrary rectangles A*D and B*C if . But this is not true. [Lietzmann 1972] and [Devendran 1985] correctly say that we must have A+B=D in addition. I think my parametrization is more suitable for this dissection.

162. PARADOX Parent Node(s) Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems. paradox. a premises. (Webster s) A paradox is not the same as a contradiction. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/PARADOX.html

P RINCIPIA C YBERNETICA ... EB Parent Node(s): Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems PARADOX a tenet contrary to received opinion; a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet perhaps is true; a self- contradictory statement that at first seems true; an argument that apparently derives self-contradictory conclusions by valid deduction from acceptable premises. (Webster's) A paradox is not the same as a contradiction. "The shirt is blue; the shirt is not blue," and "It is raining; it is not raining," are examples of contradictions. A paradox occurs when one makes an assumption and, following a logical argument, arrives at the converse. A paradox will always result when one formulates a set that contains itself. Below are several examples: l. Suppose there is a small town that consists only of men. There are two kinds of men in this townthose who shave themselves and those who are shaved by the barber. Who shaves the barber? If he shaves himself, then he is shaved by the barber. But if he is shaved by the barber, then he shaves himself. If the barber is assumed to be in one set, he appears in the other. This situation occurs because the barber both appears in the set and is used to define the set. 2. A person from the island of Crete asserts, "All Cretans are liars." We can conclude that if he is telling the truth, then he is lying. But if he is lying, then he is telling the truth. Once again an element of the set is referring to the set.

163. PARADOXES Homepage maintained by Franz Kiekeben, containing short essays on wellknown paradoxes, such as Newcomb's paradox. http://members.aol.com/kiekeben/para.html

PARADOXES Zeno's Paradoxes Infinity Paradoxes Sorites or Heap Paradox Theseus' Ship ... Links to Related Sites (Additional links are found under several of the above papers) RETURN TO MAIN MENU http://members.aol.com/kiekeben/home.html

164. Working With Paradox Unofficial resource for tips and tutorials on using this relational database program. http://ourworld-top.cs.com/perfectstuff/id63.htm

165. Gibbs-paradox.htm Gibbs paradox of Entropy of Mixing. Three different entropysimilarity relations The first is the Gibbs paradox relation Gibbs paradox in particle physics. http://www.mdpi.org/entropy/entropyweb/gibbs-paradox.htm

Gibbs paradox of Entropy of Mixing Three different entropy-similarity relations: The first is the Gibbs paradox relation: Some authors and their comments: James Baugh Gibbs' Paradox http://www.maxwellian.demon.co.uk/art/lnG/Gibbs1.html E. T. Jaynes The Gibbs Paradox , In Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods; Smith, C. R.; Erickson, G. J.; Neudorfer, P. O., Eds.; Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, 1992, p.1-22 (pdf file 206K). Also in postscript Shu-Kun Lin The Similarity Principle and Its Application http://www.mdpi.org/lin/similarity/similarity.htm Lin, S. -K. Understanding structural stability and process spontaneity based on the rejection of the Gibbs paradox of entropy of mixing. Journal of Molecular Structure (Theorochem) , 145-153. (download the paper in pdf format at http://www.unibas.ch/mdpi/lin/Theorochem/theo.pdf Lin, S. -K. Gibbs paradox of entropy of mixing: Experimental facts, its rejection, and the theoretical consequences. Electronic Journal of Theoretical Chemistry , 135-150. (download the paper in pdf format at http://www.unibas.ch/mdpi/lin/ejtc027.pdf

166. EDGE: TIME LOOPS An interview with Paul Davies, paradox, wormhole, black hole, Newtonian mechanics and quantum computations. http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/davies/davies_index.html

The Third Culture Home Edge Editons The Reality Club Third Culture ... The Reality Club one-click printer friendly version Edge 77 As providing an insight into the nature of reality, and the nature of the physical universe, this whole area is really fascinating. I've thought a lot about it over the years, and I'm still undecided as to whether nature could never permit such a crazy thing, or whether yes, these entities, these wormholes, or some other type of gravitational system do at least in principle exist, and in principle one could visit the past, and we have to find some way of avoiding the paradox. Maybe the way is to give up free will. Maybe that's an illusion. Maybe we can't go back and change the past freely. New Reality Club : Joseph Traub, Julian Barbour, Lee Smolin , Gregory Benford TIME LOOPS A Talk with Paul Davies New Edge Video Paul Davies (10 min.)

167. Pixel Paradox Screensavers Home Page Pixel paradox Screensavers includes a wide range of exciting screen savers in the categories of Audubon Close Up, Children s Story Books, Holiday, Nature http://www.pixelparadox.com/

Registry 1st Aid Learn what it can do for your PC. We Use MAIL WASHER PRO ! Click here to learn why. ... SPECIALS !! * * NEW * * List of Wallpapers How to Register Your Screen Saver How to Remove (Uninstall) Your ... Collect our PAD files Visit Our Sponsers: AAA Encyclopedia Antiquities, Artifacts and Arcane Knowledge Word Design Interactive ... design and development JUST RELEASED Egypt Temples - Abu Simbel and Philae Portraits of American Presidents COMING SOON : Victorian Fantasy Art Alphonse Mucha Poster Art Eye In The Sky Vintage Locomotives ... and more! Click a Category Egypt Fantasy Children's Storybooks American Civil War ... History Every screensaver is every day* and for Wallpaper * except Portraits of American Presidents is $15 What our customers are saying: "I really enjoy my new screen savers. It is very hard to find beautiful screen savers that actually work correctly after you download them. I looked at some of your other savers, they are beautiful. Thank you so much."

168. Revisiting The Abilene Paradox: Is Management Of Agreement Still An Issue Leading Ideas Revisiting the Abilene paradox Is Management of Agreement Still an Issue? by Kathryn J. Deiss, ARL Office of Leadership http://www.arl.org/diversity/leading/issue8/abilene.html

Leading Ideas: Revisiting the Abilene Paradox: Is Management of Agreement Still an Issue? by Kathryn J. Deiss, ARL Office of Leadership and Management Services Program Manager In 1974, Professor Jerry Harvey of George Washington University developed a parable from a real-life experience to describe the issues surrounding how individuals reach agreement, or, more specifically, believe they have reached agreement. Twenty-five years later the lessons and insights his parable generates are still valid and provocative for organizations and the individuals who work together in those organizations. The Parable of the Abilene Paradox none How Do We Know When We Are Headed for Abilene? Harvey points to six characteristics emblematic of a group failing to manage agreement effectively: Members individually, but privately, agree about their current situation. The group in Coleman knew individually that they were satisfied with just sitting on the porch. Members agree, again in private, about what it would take to deal with the situation. In this case, the members privately agreed that staying on the porch was a good way to spend a hot and dusty day. Based on inaccurate perceptions and assumptions, members make a collective decision that leads to action. It is in the action that it becomes apparent that the decision is contrary to individual desires. They thereby arrive at a destination they did not want to go to in the first place. Our protagonists in the parable do not actually discover their unanimous disagreement with the action they took until someone says, "Well, that was a nice trip." Another person is then moved by frustration and exhaustion to blurt out the truth, "It was not a good idea or a nice trip!"

169. I.T. Seeks E.T. Discusses the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) scheduled to be completed by 2005 and the search for extraterrestial life as it related to Fermi's paradox and the Drake Equation. http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/staff/gmackie/Fermi_Drake.html

I.T. seeks E.T. Glen Mackie On the 1st of August 2000 the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in the U.S.A. issued an important press release. A new radio telescope would be built in California to detect faint radio signals that may originate from other intelligent life in our Galaxy. Numerous small telescopes covering about 1 hectare will comprise the new alien eavesdropper. Paul Allen (co-founder of Microsoft) is the major benefactor, contributing US$11.5 million to the Allen Telescope Array ( ATA, as it will be known), which should be complete in 2005. Artists impression of the ATA As an astrophysicist that spends too much time wondering about future avenues of research funding I was strangely delighted and sceptical at the same time upon reading this news. Yes, I believe that such a project is worthy of support. Worthy in the sense that many scientific endeavours are not done because they are easy, but because we, as humans, have an insatiable thirst for knowledge and exploration. Sceptical because I tend to believe that the chance of success, that is, the ATA detecting an alien transmission, are remote. Let me explain. Increasingly since Percival Lowell in the late 1800s described "canals" on Mars (presumably built by intelligent Martians) we have been bombarded with many suggestions that we are not alone in the cosmos. From "War of the Worlds" to innumerable UFO sightings and more recently films such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. and Contact, the projected "hope" is that we are not isolated in our Galaxy, or indeed the Universe. Yet, that may indeed be the case, and that such hopes are just human wishes for cosmic companionship.

170. Common Craft - Online Community Strategies: Paradox Of Choice paradox of Choice. (ARCHIVED On the trip I just returned from last night, I read Barry Schwart s The paradox of Choice Why More is Less. I http://www.commoncraft.com/archives/000655.html

Paradox of Choice (ARCHIVED IN: Related Miscellany As usual, I get some of my best reading done at 35,000 feet. On the trip I just returned from last night, I read Barry Schwart's The Paradox of Choice- Why More is Less I'm about 2/3 of the way through it and really like it so far. The basic premise is that, as a culture, we value choice and assume that more choices mean better experiences and outcomes. Yet, the research shows that choice has a downside. Schwartz backs up his claims with a bevy of research on how people navigate decisions regarding choice- and what effects the decisions have on them. The results are often couterintuitive, showing that having multiple options can actually prevent people from making a decision and in many cases, prevent them from being satisfied with that decision. The take-home for me was that an increase in choices also increases a person's anxiety about having made the correct one. For some people (what he calls "maximizers"), this anxiety can be crippling. It provokes lots of thoughts about the choices I make every day- do I copy with crtl+c, right click, or edit menu?

171. Time Travel And Modern Physics paradox, Cartesian product, closed timelike curves, partial Cauchy surface, acyclic lattice, glancing blow continuations, multiple wormhole traversals, equations and diagrams. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/stanford/archives/fall2001/entries/time-travel-

This is a file in the archives of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z Time Travel and Modern Physics A Botched Suicide Why Do Time Travel Suicides Get Botched? Topology and Constraints The General Possibility of Time Travel in General Relativity ... Related Entries A Botched Suicide Why Do Time Travel Suicides Get Botched? prima facie Topology and Constraints Wheeler and Feynman (1949) were the first to claim that the fact that nature is continuous could be used to argue that causal influences from later events to earlier events, as are made possible by time travel, will not lead to paradox without the need for any constraints. Maudlin (1990) showed how to make their argument precise and more general, and argued that nonetheless it was not completely general. Imagine the following set-up. We start off having a camera with a black and white film ready to take a picture of whatever comes out of the time machine. An object, in fact a developed film, comes out of the time machine. We photograph it, and develop the film. The developed film is subsequently put in the time machine, and set to come out of the time machine at the time the picture is taken. This surely will create a paradox: the developed film will have the opposite distribution of black, white, and shades of gray, from the object that comes out of the time machine. For developed black and white films (i.e. negatives) have the opposite shades of gray from the objects they are pictures of. But since the object that comes out of the time machine is the developed film itself it we surely have a paradox.

172. Encounters- The Vernacular Paradox Of Israeli Architecture - Index Architect Ami Ran's introduction to the influences on the developing Israeli style in architecture, hosted by the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFA Publications/Photo Exhibits/Encounters- The

PH_DoValidation=true; My MFA Search Advanced search MFA newsletter MFA MFA Publications Photo exhibits Encounters- The Vernacular Paradox of Israeli Arch Encounters- The Vernacular Paradox of Israeli Architecture - Index 25 Aug 1998 Encounters: Israeli Architecture Encounters: The Vernacular Paradox of Israeli Architecture TEXTS Introduction - by Architect Ami Ran Fifty Years of Israeli Architecture as Reflected in Jerusalem's Buildings - by Architect David Kroyanker EXHIBIT SITES Beit Gabriel Givatayim Theater Eilat Courthouse Yad Layeled Museum ... Use of cookies

173. Paradoxes And Dilemmas Common paradoxes and dilemmas, particularly of the social type the Voting paradox, Prisoner's Dilemma, Newcomb's paradox, Unexpected Hanging, Execution paradox, and the SelfAmendment paradox. http://perspicuity.net/paradox/paradox.html

Paradoxes and Dilemmas By: Leon Felkins Written: 12/10/95, Revised: 11/24/00 This section is still in work and will likely remain so! There is a place where Contrarieties are equally True... . - William Blake (1757-1827) - from "Milton" Book the Second, Plate 30 My Favorites A definition of paradox appropriate for this essay is that given by the Random House Unabridged Dictionary; 'any person, thing, or situation exhibiting an apparently contradictory nature'. A concept can appear to be a paradox due to our lack of understanding or the inadequacies of language. While such paradoxes may be resolved in time with better understanding, it is unlikely that the paradoxes mentioned here will be so easily resolved. The Voting Paradox I should make it clear that what I am referring to here is the apparent paradox for the individual voting in a general election. The term, "Voter's Paradox" as often used in the scholarly Social Choice publications refers to a situation in which the personal preference ordering of three or more alternatives can result in a group ordering that is not transitive. I will describe this paradox further below . But my subject here is the "insignificant vote" situation in general elections. This paradox is quite representative of the general problem of the Social Dilemmas which I discuss here and has to do with the fact that an individual's vote has no significant impact on the outcome of an election. The

174. Time Travel Faster than light travel, time lines, paradox and big bang theory. http://www.anu.ie/rab/timetravel.html

The Site of Alternative Answers Time Travel The original series of Star Trek must have been awesome to the sixties generation. It was exciting for the seventies, my own, generation. By the eighties and nineties special effects had come on in leaps and bounds and the demand was for more intrinsic stories, including a few trips back to 20th century Earth. But, is time travel possible and what would happen if we could go back? If you believe in time travel into the future you are definitely living in cloud cuckoo land. If you believe in time travel into the past perhaps you are just in cuckoo land. Various wild theories have been proposed for time travel. None tested yet! If you follow Einsteinian methods then faster than light travel (FLT) is impossible. Yet scientists have theorised, and I believed detected, of particles that do travel FLT. So eventually some bright spark will invent a time machine and take the inevitable plunge into the past and I dare say oblivion. Our intrepid scientist fully conversed with all the dos and don'ts of time travel, and not meeting yourself save a big matter explosion in the fabric of time, arrives back at the day he was born. To simplify matters, as these things always get complicated, our scientist is travelling along time-line A. That is to say he was born, grew up, went to college, invented time travel and went back to the day he was born. If at the moment he arrived at his birth he decided to return to the time he left, nothing would have changed, because that is his time-line. It is the only one he can ever know. Time-line A.

175. Anguisette entries friends calendar bellicose virago Primal Renaissance livejournal userinfo livejournal calendar I am NOT insane 14 May 2004 0409am mood victorious 18 mornings you will wake and find me gone. and for the first time http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.livejournal.com/users/girlwithagun/&

176. Tunguska Comet Impact - 1908 Special issue for advanced scientists Edited by Dr. AE.Zlobin. This site was awarded. a Times Pick. by the Los Angeles Times. on May 13, 1998. http://www.orc.ru/~azorcord/

Event Trajectory Substance Bibliography ... Information Special issue for advanced scientists Edited by Dr. A.E.Zlobin This site was awarded a Times Pick by the Los Angeles Times on May 13, 1998

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