101. The Logia Translation Hypothesis Homepage The Logia Translation hypothesis Home Page. The Logia Tranlsation The LogiaTranslation hypothesis Brian E. Wilson. The Logia Translation http://homepage.ntlworld.com/brenda.wilson99/

The Logia Translation Hypothesis Home Page The Logia Tranlsation Hypothesis was first formulated by the late Brian E. Wilson (died Feb 2002) in October, 1998. CLICK HERE to download a paper presented at the 1999 SBL International Meeting in Finland (with four additional pages of hand-out appended). This paper is a MS-Word document and uses the Sgreek font from Silver Mountain Software CLICK HERE to download a paper presented at the 2001 SBL International Meeting in Rome. The Logia Translation Hypothesis - Brian E. Wilson The Logia Translation Hypothesis (the LTH) is represented in the diagram above. It affirms that many short reports in Aramaic, the Aramaic Logia, were composed by the apostle Matthew during, and soon after the ministry of Jesus. He based some reports on his own eye-witness observation, and some on the testimony of other followers of Jesus. The Aramaic Logia were translated into Greek to form the Greek Logia (or "Greek Notes"). The translator of the Aramaic Logia to some extent edited the material he translated. Each short report was written in lively Greek and was a self-contained piece of material suitable for teaching Jesus tradition to Greek-speaking Christians. Each synoptist independently selected and edited material from the Greek Logia to form his own continuous book of Jesus tradition in Greek, that is, his own gospel. The LTH therefore entails that virtually all the contents of the synoptic gospels were derived from the Greek Logia, and that the Greek Logia together formed a document that was larger than any synoptic gospel. It also entails that the apostle Matthew used the testimony of Jesus and his followers, including his mother and brothers after the resurrection (see Ac 1.13-14 and I Cor 15.5-7.), and that there was a continuous documentary transmission of Jesus tradition from the time of the ministry of Jesus through to the writing of the synoptic gospels.

102. Avogadro's Hypothesis Avogadro s hypothesis. An hypothesis is a tentative (as opposed toa theory which is well tested) explanation for observed events. http://www.carlton.paschools.pa.sk.ca/chemical/molemass/avogadro.htm

Avogadro's Hypothesis Science creates knowledge using two processes: by making observations (to collect empirical evidence and create scientific laws by explaining the reason for those observations (to create and test hypotheses) Occasionally both processes are carried out by the same person; often however, the observations have occurred long before a satisfactory explanation for them is thought up. An hypothesis is a tentative (as opposed to a theory which is well tested) explanation for observed events. An hypothesis is not a prediction , but it must allow you to make predictions which can be tested by experiment. When the results of those experiments are as predicted, it lends support to the hypothesis as a good explanation, and its eventual acceptance as a theory. If the results are not as predicted, the hypothesis must be modified, or replaced with a better explanation. No statement is an hypothesis unless it suggests a cause for an effect, and unless it has the possibility of being wrong. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an hypothesis?

103. What Is The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis A 1983 paper by Paul Kay and Willett Kempton, available in GIF and PostScript formats. Supports a weakened version of the hypothesis with evidence from the study of visual perception. http://cs-tr.cs.berkeley.edu/TR/UCB:COGSCI-83-08

104. Riemann's Hypothesis A beginners guide by Jon Perry. http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~perry/maths/riemannshypothesis/riemannshypothe

Riemann's Hypothesis [Home] [Other Maths] [Riemann's Hypothesis Part 2] My proof of Riemann's Hypothesis Riemann's Hypothesis Euler's zeta function Euler's zeta function, which forms the basis for Riemann's Hypothesis, is the sum of the integers from 1 to infinity raised to a complex power. It is written: This converges for complex s such that the real part of s is greater than 1, but for s <=1 it diverges, and is not considered to be valid on this region. Riemann's zeta function Riemann had the idea to extend this function into the whole complex plane, which he managed to do, except for a simple pole at s=1. He achieved this through a process called analytic continuation. Analytic continuation is whereby an alternative function is used that behaves exactly as the original function in the domain of the original function, and continues the function outside of the original domain. This is the idea in defining i =-1. The previous definition of square root did not allow for square root of negative numbers, and i is the analytic continuation of the square root function. With analytic continuation, we can have different expressions for the zeta function, but they all behave the same. This is similar to writing either sigma(1/n

105. 1995A&A...299..657G Page 657 The Dopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia The Dopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia. Anne Frederickson. One ofthe most famous and most debatable is the dopamine hypothesis. http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-article_query?1995A&A...299..657G

106. Hypothesis On Time The aim of the following work is to suggest a new concept on the way of appreciating and measuring time. http://www.ifrance.com/ANDREPIERREJOCELYN/trad/index.htm

For a better comprehension of the site Andre pierre jocelyn HYPOTHESIS ON TIME Structure of the site: A. Demonstration which time is exponential in mechanics of the fluids. The text of origin. B Demonstration on curves defined as impossible to represent arithmetically; generalization of exponential time in science. Example in biology. C Value of the demonstration: philosophy of the hypothesis. D. Logical development and relations between mathematics, physical science or biological and philosophy: for a better comprehension of the site E. Before philosophy of the hypothesis Like the philosopher Paul Janet knew to describe it, in the years 1800, (there are philosophies particular to sciences). The regrouping of these philosophies to which one adds the philosophy of philosophies, noblest, gives philosophy in general. From there, I think that it is possible to admit that there are several types of logics. That that we use is a logic of exchange, or commercial logic, which I call the time of the trade. In opposition, I think that one can, and that one must use in science

107. Hypothesis Testing - Main INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS CONCEPTS, MODELS, AND APPLICATIONS. Web Edition1. David W. Stockburger. Southwest Missouri State University. http://www.psychstat.smsu.edu/introbook/SBK18.htm

108. Straight Dope Staff Report: Did Humans Descend From "aquatic Apes"? A Straight Dope column criticizing the aquatic ape hypothesis. http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/maquaticape.html

Home Page Message Boards News Archive ... FAQs, etc. A Staff Report by the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Did humans descend from "aquatic apes"? 22-Jan-2002 Dear Straight Dope: A few years ago, Elaine Morgan published a book called The Aquatic Ape that publicized a theory that humans, at some time in their evolution, had partially adapted to a marine environment. This theory had first been proposed by an English marine biologist named Alister Hardy (if I remember correctly) and was held to explain a host of differences between Homo sapiens and the rest of the great apes, among them: relative hairlessness, subcutaneous body fat, bipedality (to make swimming and wading more efficient), a "diving reflex" to prevent drowning in infants, our horrendously inefficient water management system, our lack of fear of the water, the webbing some people have between their fingers and toes, and so on. The theory seemed reasonable enough to me, but every time I've heard paleontologists refer to it, they seem to be rolling their eyes the way archeologists do when you mention James Churchward to them. What do these guys know that Hardy and Morgan and I don't? John LaTorre, SDSTAFF bibliophage replies: Say AAH. That stands for the "Aquatic Ape Hypothesis." Now turn your head and cough. Just checking to make sure you were paying attention. The AAH is a fascinating, thought-provoking, and attractive idea. The only problem is that it's JPW ("Just Plain Wrong").

109. Hypothesis Testing hypothesis TESTING. DEFINITION. hypothesis tests are procedures for making rationaldecisions about the reality of effects. Rational Decisions. http://www.psychstat.smsu.edu/introbook/sbk18m.htm

110. Index.BAK A radical scientific and evolutionary hypothesis about the origin of mind. By Jerome Iglowitz. http://www.foothill.net/~jerryi/

I propose that mind is the biological coordinator of primitive, profoundly complex, and blind metacellular process. -pure and simple! How could this be? The problem of the relationship between the mind and the brain is generally considered to be either: *trivial, (obvious) *unsolvable, or ridiculous even to consider -depending on the commentator. I do not think this is so. The mind exists, the brain exists, but the mind can never be more than the brain. Therefore "the mind is [exactly equals]the brain" -so say Patricia and Paul Churchland. Consciousness "emerges" from a physical substrate, (though they never say how that could possibly be). The mind plays tricks however: it invents phenomena. The "color phi" and a "Cartesian theater", (i.e. mental events), are scientifically and even logically impossible says Daniel Dennett. The "mind", (in our normal meaning), he concludes therefore, must be eliminated . It is a "figment" of the imagination -i.e. it is an illusion. And then there are those who say the problem is innately unsolvable -it is beyond human capacity Yet I am, (you are), here in the world, and the world is here! These are the

111. The Iron Hypothesis The Iron hypothesis. John Martin s iron hypothesis—fertilizing the seawith iron—was first put to the test on the open ocean in 1993. http://oceanography.palomar.edu/iron.htm

The Iron Hypothesis (Excerpted from an article by Caroline Dopyera, Earth , October 1996) John Martin 's iron hypothesis—fertilizing the sea with iron—was first put to the test on the open ocean in 1993. According to Martin's iron hypothesis, seeding the ocean surface with iron should make microscopic marine organisms like diatoms multiply dramatically, which might in turn cool the planet. The big question is: Should this type of "global engineering" be done? The research vessel Columbus Iselin was still a ways off when Ken Johnson saw it pass through the Panama Canal and chug toward him. He tensed with a feeling of desperation. The ship was supposed to carry the ocean experiment of the decade, one that could revise textbooks. But to Johnson, the Iselin looked more like a ship that would take the Beverly Hillbillies to sea than a sophisticated research vessel. A portable laboratory and huge plastic tanks were lashed to the deck. A crane towered near the ship's center. Barrels of blue-green iron granules crammed the ship. For six weeks, 23 of the world's top ocean scientists would work in a lab the size of a subway car. It was an enormous mission for such a small ship. How are we going to do this?

112. Wes' Programs Fortran 77 codes by W. J. Metzger to construct a minimum spanning tree and calculate a confidence level for the hypothesis that two sets of points are from the same distribution. http://metzger.home.cern.ch/metzger/programs.html

Wes' programs page Some programs of possibly wider interest A routine to construct a Minimum Spanning Tree mstree.f A routine to calculate a confidence level for the hypothesis that two sets of points are from the same distribution (p.d.f.) from the number of incompatible edges in a Minimum Spanning Tree calculated for the combined set of points clmst.f Reference: "The Minimum Spanning Tree as a Two-Sample Test" A routine to calculate some confidence levels for the hypothesis that two sets of points are from the same distribution (p.d.f.) from various properties of the Minimum Spanning Tree calculated for the combined set of points. This routine mstclfrd.f is a slightly modified version of a routine mstcpr.f by J.H. Friedman Reference: "The Minimum Spanning Tree as a Two-Sample Test" Go to my home page W. J. Metzger, 15 Dec 1998

113. The Riemann Hypothesis The Riemann hypothesis. This web page highlights some of the conjecturesand open problems concerning The Riemann hypothesis. Click http://www.aimath.org/WWN/rh/

The Riemann Hypothesis This web page highlights some of the conjectures and open problems concerning The Riemann Hypothesis. Click on the subject to see a short article on that topic. If you would like to print a hard copy of the entire web page, you can download a dvi postscript or pdf version. What is an $L$-function? Terminology and basic properties Functional equation Euler product ... Anecdotes about the Riemann Hypothesis

114. The Synoptic Problem A defense of the Two Source hypothesis, according to which Matthew and Luke based their gospels on Mark and Q. http://www.bible.org/docs/soapbox/synoptic.htm

Home Welcome Studies Area NET Bible The Synoptic Problem by Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. The Synoptic Problem: An Introduction A. The Literary Interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels It is quite impossible to hold that the three synoptic gospels were completely independent from each other. In the least, they had to have shared a common oral tradition. But the vast bulk of NT scholars today would argue for much more than that. There are four crucial arguments which virtually prove literary interdependence. 1. Agreement in Wording This approach is historically naive for the following reasons. Third, even if Jesus spoke in Greek exclusively, how is it that not only his words but his deeds are recorded in verbal identity? There is a material difference between remembering the verbiage of what one heard and recording what one saw in identical verbiage. This approach is also naive regarding the role of the Spirit in inspiring the authors of the gospels. First, if identical verbiage is to be attributed to Spirit-inspiration, to what should verbal dissonance be attributed? 2. Agreement in Order

115. The Gaia Hypothesis Chapter from the online textbook Fundamentals of Physical Geography. http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/5d.html

116. Key Hypotheses Key Hypotheses in Supporting Communities of Practice. John Sharp 11 March1997. Background Assumptions. All organizations develop informal http://www.tfriend.com/hypothesis.html

Key Hypotheses in Supporting Communities of Practice John Sharp 11 March 1997 Background Assumptions All organizations develop informal networks of relations among role participants. Communities happen! Some organizations do a better job of "fertilizing" for informal network growth. Such informal networks can help overall organizational performance, or under certain conditions thwart the intentions of organizational leaders. One common form of informal association grows up among work partners. These often are called "Communities of Practice" (CoP). Cross-functional teams often develop informal relationships that ease working together, helping to shape a view of the reality for that team, a propensity toward action in that work environment. People working in the same specialty, the same "practice," even though they are not usually on the same work team, also develop communications patterns that help spread common understandings about "how work is done," what information is relevant and important, and other factors in the work environment. Factors increasing the likelihood of informal communities Working together, taking training classes together, and otherwise being put together provide fertile grounds over time for the development of CoPs.

117. Animal Automatatism (1874) On the hypothesis that Animals Are Automata, and Its History (1874). CollectedEssays I. 247 Another hypothesis concerning the Mechanism of Ideas 16. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE1/AnAuto.html

On the Hypothesis that Animals Are Automata, and Its History Collected Essays I The brain is the organ of sensation, thought, and emotion; that is to say, some change in the condition of the matter of this organ is the invariable antecedent of the state of consciousness to which each of these terms is applied. The sensations of animals are due to a motion of the substance of the nerves which connect the sensory organs with the brain. The motion of the matter of a sensory nerve may be transmitted through the brain to motor nerves, and thereby give rise to contraction of the muscles to which these motor nerves are distributed; and this reflection of motion from a sensory into a motor nerve may take place without volition, or even contrary to it. Descartes imagined that the pineal body (a curious appendage to the upper side of the brain, the function of which, if it have any, is wholly unknown) vestigia rerum, of the Cartesian doctrine. Physiology is, at present, incompetent to say anything positively about the matter, or to go farther than the expression of the high probability, that every molecular change which gives rise to a state of [216] consciousness, leaves a more or less persistent structural modification, through which the same molecular change may be regenerated by other agencies than the cause which first produced it. and the rest of the nervous centres, have nothing to do with it. And it is further highly probable, [221] that what is true for man is true for other vertebrated animals.

118. Language, Thought And The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - UsingEnglish.com A discussion hosted by UsingEnglish.com about the SapirWhorf hypothesis, and whether language shapes thought or thought shapes language. http://www.usingenglish.com/speaking-out/linguistic-whorfare.html

UsingEnglish.com Home Articles Teachers Resources ... About Search: Advanced Search Menu: UE Digest TDOL's Archive Speaking Out Articles ... Speaking Out Discussions: The Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis Language Cull Polls: Does Language Shape Thought? Further Reading: Language and Thought Author: TDOL Concerning the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has been the object of a serious and, at times, nasty debate. Whorf has been accused of being a racist and of distorting his evidence to fit his theory. One American educational course began with a discussion of whether these theories were racist. Interestingly enough, this was before any discussion of what the ideas were. Linguistic relativism has been given an unfair press because some believe it is the path towards suggesting that one language is superior to another. However, it would be hard to justify this by reference to their writings. I think there has been too much concentration on elements of language such as the number of words used by the Inuit for snow. If language does control thought, it does so at a very basic level, shaping the possible structures of thought and not the individual instances. I think the Universal Grammar aspects of the question are more important here- thought is controlled by concepts such as negation, question, the order of argument leading to conclusion, justification, etc., and not by the number of ways of talking about a local weather conditions. Once language has superseded the non-linguistic thought processes of animals, then it imposes an inevitability of its own logic and, I believe, replaces anything that came before it- like overwriting an old operating system in effect.

119. Statistics Glossary - Hypothesis Testing STEPS Statistics Glossary. hypothesis testing. hypothesis Test The outcome of ahypothesis test test is Reject H0 in favour of H1 or Do not reject H0 . http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/hypothesis_testing.html

Hypothesis testing Hypothesis Test Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis Simple Hypothesis ... Index of all entries Hypothesis Test Setting up and testing hypotheses is an essential part of statistical inference. In order to formulate such a test, usually some theory has been put forward, either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as a basis for argument, but has not been proved, for example, claiming that a new drug is better than the current drug for treatment of the same symptoms. In each problem considered, the question of interest is simplified into two competing claims / hypotheses between which we have a choice; the null hypothesis, denoted H , against the alternative hypothesis, denoted H . These two competing claims / hypotheses are not however treated on an equal basis: special consideration is given to the null hypothesis. We have two common situations: The experiment has been carried out in an attempt to disprove or reject a particular hypothesis, the null hypothesis, thus we give that one priority so it cannot be rejected unless the evidence against it is sufficiently strong. For example, H : there is no difference in taste between coke and diet coke against H : there is a difference.

120. AllAfrica.com: South Africa: Dolphins May Have Been Our Ancestors Article describes an alternative hypothesis on human origins advanced by author Elaine Morgan. http://allafrica.com/stories/199901080127.html

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