41. Henri Poincaré: Science And Hypothesis: Table Of Contents Full online text of this Poincare work, as published in English in 1905. http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Poincare/Poincare_1905_toc.html

Henri Poincaré's Science and Hypothesis Table of Contents Citation: Henri Poincaré. Science and Hypothesis . London: Walter Scott Publishing (1905). Introduction by Judd Larmor Author's Preface Part I Number and Magnitude Chapter 1: On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning Chapter 2: Mathematical Magnitude and Experiment Part II Space Chapter 3: Non-Euclidean Geometries Chapter 4: Space and Geometry Chapter 5: Experiment and Geometry Chapter 6: Classical Mechanics Part III Force Chapter 7: Relative and Absolute Motion Chapter 8: Energy and Thermo-Dynamics Part IV Nature Chapter 9: Hypotheses in Physics Chapter 10: The Theories of Modern Physics Chapter 11: The Calculus of Probabilities Chapter 12: Optics and Electricity ... Chapter 13: Electro-Dynamics While scholars are permitted to reproduce these materials for the own private needs, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, for the purpose of profit or personal benefit, without written permission from the Department of Sociology at Brock University. Permission is granted for inclusion of the electronic text of these pages, and their related images in any index that provides free access to its listed documents. Lloyd Gordon Ward and Robert Throop The Mead Project, Department of Sociology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1

42. The Continuum Hypothesis A workshop featuring a number of lectures surveying the current insights into the continuum problem and its variations. MSRI, Berkeley, CA, USA; 29 May 1 June 2001. http://zeta.msri.org/calendar/workshops/WorkshopInfo/94/show_workshop

Calendar The Continuum Hypothesis May 29, 2001 to June 1, 2001 Organized by: Hugh Woodin and John Steel The workshop will feature a number of lectures surveying the current insights into the continuum problem and its variations. Group Photo Group Photo (larger version) Continuum Hypothesis Schedule Lectures on Streaming Video: This event is now over. Resources from this event, including streaming video , may be available. [Organizer Summary] MSRI Home Page Search the MSRI Website Subject and Title Index ... webmaster@msri.org

43. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis These notes on the SapirWhorf hypothesis concerning linguistic relativity anddeterminism are from a book on The Act of Writing by Daniel Chandler. http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/whorf.html

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Daniel Chandler Greek Translation now available Within linguistic theory, two extreme positions concerning the relationship between language and thought are commonly referred to as 'mould theories’ and 'cloak theories'. Mould theories represent language as 'a mould in terms of which thought categories are cast' (Bruner et al. 1956, p. 11). Cloak theories represent the view that 'language is a cloak conforming to the customary categories of thought of its speakers' (ibid.). The doctrine that language is the 'dress of thought' was fundamental in Neo-Classical literary theory (Abrams 1953, p. 290), but was rejected by the Romantics (ibid.; Stone 1967, Ch. 5). There is also a related view (held by behaviourists, for instance) that language and thought are identical . According to this stance thinking is entirely linguistic: there is no 'non-verbal thought', no 'translation' at all from thought to language. In this sense, thought is seen as completely determined by language. The Sapir-Whorf theory, named after the American linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, is a

44. A Wild Hypothesis Essay on the development of civilizations. http://www.stampe.nu/wild/

A wild hypothesis As I was writing my master thesis in political science I could not stop thinking about the implications of one of the theories I was formulating, namely the one concerning critical phases in the development of civilisations. In short my theory suggests that every civilisation, which exceeds a given limit in terms of instrumental influence on its planet's ecosystems and in terms of mass destruction capacity, enters into a critical phase. During this phase it will be decided whether the civilisation dies or whether it manages to transcend its original form and become truly universal. In the essay I argued that humanity right now experiences such a critical phase in its history. But as this was an academic essay and not one of my personal speculations I did not pursue a particular line of thought. As the telescopes and the stars might already have given away I was thinking about the possibility that this theory was not only applicable to human history but rather to all sentient species that might exist in the vastness of space. If that is a valid assumption, the dilemmas we are currently facing in terms of a worsening ecological crises and the development of weapons of mass destruction, may in fact be a self-imposed test of our maturity as a species. If we are to endure this phase (or test) we must develop entirely new ways to interact socially. Ways which will demand the greatest of all of us. To put it simple, we must leave our infancy of war, economic oppression and social alienation. Let us now assume that others have walked down this path ahead of us. Let us further assume that they are aware of our current misery. Yet they have very good reasons not to intervene. Because if we can not prove to be capable of wisely wielding the technological and instrumental power we now possess, how could we possible be trusted with the technology of a civilisation that has endured for thousands of millennia?

45. Greenhouse Warming Fact, Hypothesis, Or Myth? One man's analysis of the data, by Douglas Hoyt http://www.erols.com/dhoyt1/

46. Christianity And Mathematics Religious influences on Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Heliocentric.html

Christianity and the Mathematical Sciences - the Heliocentric Hypothesis Alphabetical list of History Topics History Topics Index The mathematician Freeman Dyson writes in [16]:- ... Western science grew out of Christian theology. It is probably not an accident that modern science grew explosively in Christian Europe and left the rest of the world behind. A thousand years of theological disputes nurtured the habit of analytical thinking that could be applied to the analysis of natural phenomena. On the other hand, the close historical relations between theology and science have caused conflicts between science and Christianity that do not exist between science and other religions ... Christianity has been a major influence on the mathematical sciences, particularly in the 17 th and 18 th Centuries. There is a widespread belief that Christianity and science, particularly mathematical science, were on opposing sides through this period. However, this oversimplifies the situation to such an extent that it gives a quite false impression of the development of the mathematical sciences through this important time. For example four men who perhaps did as much as any to revolutionise the mathematical sciences in the 16 th and 17 th Centuries

47. Investor Home - The Efficient Market Hypothesis The Efficient Market hypothesis The Random Walk Theory. The implicationsof the efficient market hypothesis are truly profound. http://www.investorhome.com/emh.htm

The Efficient Market Hypothesis An issue that is the subject of intense debate among academics and financial professionals is the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The Efficient Market Hypothesis states that at any given time, security prices fully reflect all available information. The implications of the efficient market hypothesis are truly profound. Most individuals that buy and sell securities (stocks in particular), do so under the assumption that the securities they are buying are worth more than the price that they are paying, while securities that they are selling are worth less than the selling price. But if markets are efficient and current prices fully reflect all information, then buying and selling securities in an attempt to outperform the market will effectively be a game of chance rather than skill. The Efficient Market Hypothesis evolved in the 1960s from the Ph.D. dissertation of Eugene Fama (link courtesy of Ibbotson Associates ). Fama persuasively made the argument that in an active market that includes many well-informed and intelligent investors, securities will be appropriately priced and reflect all available information. If a market is efficient, no information or analysis can be expected to result in outperformance of an appropriate benchmark "An 'efficient' market is defined as a market where there are large numbers of rational, profit-maximizers actively competing, with each trying to predict future market values of individual securities, and where important current information is almost freely available to all participants. In an efficient market, competition among the many intelligent participants leads to a situation where, at any point in time, actual prices of individual securities already reflect the effects of information based both on events that have already occurred and on events which, as of now, the market expects to take place in the future. In other words, in an efficient market at any point in time the actual price of a security will be a good estimate of its intrinsic value."

48. Logtime: Logarithmic Time Perception With Aging Logtime is the psychochronometric hypothesis that our age is our basis for estimating long time intervals, resulting in a perceived logarithmic shrinkage of our years as we grow older. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jmkenney

Logtime: The Subjective Scale of Life The Logarithmic Time Perception Hypothesis by James Main Kenney Time scarcer? Years getting shorter? Want an explanation? Logtime is the cognitive hypothesis that our age is our basis for estimating time intervals, resulting in a perceived shrinking of our years as we grow older. A simple mathematical analysis shows that our time perception should be logarithmic, giving us a subjective scale of life very different from that of the calendar. Our perception of aging seems to follow the same (Weber-Fechner) law as our perception of physical stimuli. Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day You fritter and waste the hours in an offhand way. ...You are young and life is long and there is time to kill today And then one day you find ten years have got behind you. ...Every year is getting shorter; never seem to find the time... "Time" from The Dark Side of the Moon: Pink Floyd When you've grown up, my dears, and are as old as I, you'll often ponder on the years that roll so swiftly by

49. Documentary Hypothesis Documentary hypothesis. Literary analysis shows that the Pentateuchwas not written by one person. Multiple strands of tradition http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rs/2/Judaism/jepd.html

Documentary Hypothesis Literary analysis shows that the Pentateuch was not written by one person. Multiple strands of tradition were woven together to produce the Torah. The view that is persuasive to most of the critical scholars of the Pentateuch is called the Documentary Hypothesis, or the Graf-Wellhausen Hypothesis, after the names of the 19th-century scholars who put it in its classic form. Briefly stated, the Documentary Hypothesis sees the Torah as having been composed by a series of editors out of four major strands of literary traditions. These traditions are known as J, E, D, and P. We can diagram their relationships as follows. J (the Jahwist or Jerusalem source) uses the Tetragrammaton as God's name. This source's interests indicate it was active in the southern Kingdom of Judah in the time of the divided Kingdom. J is responsible for most of Genesis. E (the Elohist or Ephraimitic source) uses Elohim ("God") for the divine name until Exodus 3-6, where the Tetragrammaton is revealed to Moses and to Israel. This source seems to have lived in the northern Kingdom of Israel during the divided Kingdom. E wrote the Aqedah story and other parts of Genesis, and much of Exodus and Numbers. J and E were joined fairly early, apparently after the fall of the Northern Kingdom in 722 BCE. It is often difficult to separate J and E stories that have merged.

50. Reincarnation Research In Search Of The Most Parsimonious Exhaustive Hypothesis Critical article by Titus Rivas. http://members.lycos.nl/Kritisch/index-53.html

Welcome to Kritisch, a site of Titus Rivas, M.A., psychical researcher, philosopher and theoretical psychologist. Please send your response to: trivas@dds.nl or titusrivas@hotmail.com Dr. Ian Stevenson Reincarnation research: In search of the most parsimonious sufficient hypothesis by Drs. Titus Rivas Abstract In this article, an attempt is made to explain the so-called Cases of the Reincarnation Type (CORTs), studied by researchers all over the world. The author stresses in general that a good scholarly interpretation is both parsimonious and exhaustive. Thus, although many cases can be explained by normal processes such as self-deception and fantasy, some of them definitely need a parapsychological explanation. Similarly, although ESP appears to be a more parsimonious hypothesis, it doesn't satisfactorily explain those cases that defy normal hypotheses. In contrast, reincarnation does fulfill both conditions. Finally, the author mentions some topics for further research, which go beyond a mere demonstration of reincarnation. 1. Introduction

51. Willkommen Bei Hypothesis Translate this page Willkommen bei hypothesis http//hypothesis.de/. http://www.hypothesis.de/

Willkommen bei Hypothesis http://hypothesis.de/

52. Evidence That Invalidates The HIV-Hypothesis A list of evidence that refutes the HIV/AIDS hypothesis, much of it taken from documents puporting to claim the reverse. http://www.ourcivilisation.com/aids/not/evidence.htm

HIV Does Not Cause AIDS by Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati Finding VI Evidence That Invalidates The HIV-Hypothesis The following is a list of medical facts that invalidate the HIV-hypothesis' claim which states that HIV selectively kills CD4+T cells and cause AIDS: the reduction of CD4+ T cells in HIV positive homosexual men who used rectal steroid was reversed after the cessation of the treatment with corticosteroids (Sharpstone et al., 1996). If the HIV is the cause of AIDS in these patients then the cessation of the steroids will not reverse the disease. The lymph nodes of majority of the 505 HIV-infected individuals showed lymphoid hyperplasia that include T and B cells (Al-Bayati, 1999). The lymphoid atrophy observed in HIV-infected patients include reduction in T cells (CD4+ and CD+8), B cells, and stroma (Al-Bayati, 1999; Muro-Cacho, et al., 1995). HIV particles were found in CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and other cells indicating HIV do not need specific receptors as the HIV-hypothesis predict (Al-Bayati, 1999). 90% of AIDS cases were reported to be in drugs users and homosexuals and the changes in the lymphoid organs of HIV-negative drug users or homosexuals were similar to those described in HIV-positive drug users and/or homosexual men ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).

53. HyperStat Online: Logic Of Hypothesis Testing Web based materials for teaching statistics http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/logic_hypothesis.html

self.name="HSframes"

54. An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Im Abed, Riadh T and de Pauw, Karel W (1999) An Evolutionary hypothesis for ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder A Psychological Immune System?. Behavioural Neurology 11245-250. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/11/47/cog00001147-00/ocd-fina

An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? *Riadh T. Abed, MBChB, MRCPsych, DPM, Consultant Psychiatrist, Rotherham District General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2UD , UK; and Honorary Clinical Lecturer, University of Sheffield. Karel W. de Pauw, MBChB, MD, MRCPsych, Consultant Psychiatrist and Senior Clinical Lecturer , St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. * Correspondence : E-mail abed@globalnet.co.uk An Evolutionary Hypothesis for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? Abstract: A new hypothesis is presented within the framework of evolutionary psychology that attempts to explain the origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is suggested that obsessions and compulsions originate from the overactivity of a mental module that the majority of humans possess and has the function of generating risk scenarios without voluntary intervention. It is hypothesised that obsessional phenomena function as an off-line risk avoidance process, designed to lead to risk avoidance behaviour at a future time, thus distinguishing it from anxiety and related phenomena as

55. Null Hypothesis (1 Of 4) next. Null hypothesis (1 of 4). The null hypothesis is an hypothesisabout a population parameter. The purpose of hypothesis testing http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A29337.html

Null hypothesis (1 of 4) The null hypothesis is an hypothesis about a population parameter. The purpose of hypothesis testing is to test the viability of the null hypothesis in the light of experimental data. Depending on the data, the null hypothesis either will or will not be rejected as a viable possibility. and the null hypothesis is that the parameter equals zero. The null hypothesis is often the reverse of what the experimenter actually believes; it is put forward to allow the data to contradict it. In the experiment on the effect of alcohol, the experimenter probably expects alcohol to have a harmful effect. If the experimental data show a sufficiently large effect of alcohol, then the null hypothesis that alcohol has no effect can be rejected.

56. The HIV-AIDS Hypothesis And The Fourth Estate A commentary on the absence of proof that the causal agent of AIDS is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and that the votaries of this hypothesis have never attempted to prove it. http://www.literatus.net/essay/Aids.html

57. Hypothesis V - Hydrogen Power - Theoretical And Engineering Solutions - Porto Co info@hypothesis.ws. Proceedings of hypothesis V available. hypothesis. Gaeta. (Italy). 2003.hypothesis VI La Habana (Cuba) - May 8-12, 2005. Last update 19/05/04. http://www.hypothesis.ws/

H Y P O T H E S I S HYdrogen POwer - THeoretical and Engineering Solutions International Symposium info@hypothesis.ws Proceedings of HYPOTHESIS V available HYPOTHESIS Gaeta (Italy) HYPOTHESIS II Grimstad (Norway) HYPOTHESIS III St. Petersburg (Russia) HYPOTHESIS IV Stralsund (Germany) HYPOTHESIS V Porto Conte (Italy) HYPOTHESIS VI - La Habana (Cuba) - May 8-12, 2005 Last update:

58. The Cosmic Time Hypothesis Translate this page The cosmic time hypothesis (CTH) has far- reaching consequences for cosmologyand elementaryparticlesphysics, especially bigbangtheory,cosmictime http://www.cosmictime.de/

DIE KOSMISCHE ZEIT THE COSMIC TIME www.cosmictime.de Horst Fritsch, Leonberg Die Kosmische Zeit- Hypothese (KZH) hat weitreichende Konsequenzen fuer Kosmologie und Elementarteilchenphysik, insbesondere Urknalltheorie,kosmologische-Konstante,Vakuumenergie, Vereinigung-der-Naturkraefte,Erdexpansion. The Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH) has far- reaching consequences for cosmology and elementary particles physics,especially big-bang-theory,cosmological-constant,vacuum-energy, unification-of-natural-forces,earth-expansion. No. Titel der Arbeit Title of paper Click on desired title D The "Cosmic Time", the key to a new world model Die Hypothese der Erdexpansion aus kosmologischer Sicht The hypothesis of the Earth expansion from cosmological view ... The"Cosmic Time Hypothesis" (CTH) and its consequences for our physical world view Adresse des Autors Address of the author: Horst Fritsch Hinterer Zwinger 16 D-71229 Leonberg phone: 07152-27646 fax: 07152-902951 email: fritsch-leonberg@t-online.de

59. Earth2: A Gaian Hypothesis - Karla Tonella This is a journey about second chances, an adventure clear across the galaxyto a new world a journey to Earth2. from MCA/Universal s http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/earth2/

This is a journey about second chances, an adventure clear across the galaxy to a new world... a journey to from MCA/Universal's home page (now closed) is a big, sprawling adventure series that borrows from the same school as the 'Indiana Jones' and 'Star Wars' movies," says creator/executive producer Michael Duggan. The trek of our characters is analogous to America's movement westward when the wilderness was settled. We are suggesting without preaching that this is mankind's future and that if we're smart, we won't make the same mistakes again. from MCA/Universal's home page (now closed) Table of Contents Introduction Synopsis Characters, Themes and Conflicts Ulysses Adair ... References Appendices Various newspaper reviews Fan Fiction Episode Summaries Related web pages ... Musical Theme (.wav file from Tim Hein's page QuickTime promo for series HERE for a plain text version. Sign a petition to get Earth 2 released on DVD This is a work in progress. Last updated

60. Ad Hoc Hypothesis T. Carroll. ad hoc hypothesis. An ad hoc hypothesis is one createdto explain away facts that seem to refute one’s theory. Ad hoc http://skepdic.com/adhoc.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon Becoming a Critical Thinker by Robert T. Carroll ad hoc hypothesis pseudoscientists . For example, ESP researchers have been known to blame the hostile thoughts of onlookers for unconsciously influencing pointer readings on sensitive instruments. The hostile vibes, they say, made it impossible for them to duplicate a positive ESP experiment. Being able to duplicate an experiment is essential to confirming its validity. Of course, if this objection is taken seriously, then no experiment on ESP can ever fail. Whatever the results, one can always say they were caused by paranormal psychic forces, either the ones being tested or others not being tested. Martin Gardner reports on this type of ad hoc hypothesizing reaching a ludicrous peak with paraphysicist Helmut Schmidt who put cockroaches in a box where they could give themselves electric shocks. One would assume that cockroaches do not like to be shocked and would give themselves shocks at a chance rate or less, if cockroaches can learn from experience. The cockroaches gave themselves more electric shocks than predicted by chance. Schmidt concluded that "because he hated cockroaches, maybe it was his pk that influenced the randomizer!" (Gardner, p. 59) Ad hoc hypotheses are common in defense of the pseudoscientific theory known as biorhythm theory Astrologers are often fond of using statistical data and analysis to impress us with the scientific nature of

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