41. Myths, Lies, And Truths From the earliest, the great greek mathematicians, including Pythagoras (~500 BC),Thales (~530 BC), and Exodus (the teacher of Aristotle) all learned much of http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/myths_lies.html

MYTHS, LIES, AND TRUTHS ABOUT Third U.S. president Thomas Jefferson in 1792 (when he was Secretary of State): "Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me that in memory [the Negro] are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous." Present day AND ancient achievements contradict such statments. In response, these web page have been created to exhibit accomplishments of the peoples of Africa and the African Diaspora within the Mathematical Sciences. Mathematics Historian W. Rouse Ball : The history of mathematics cannot with certainty be traced back to any school or period before that of the ... Greeks. Mathematician Morris Kline : [The Egyptians] barely recognized mathematics as a distinct discipline ... [Mathematics] finally secured a new grip on life in the highly congenial soil of Greece and waxed strongly for a short period . . . With the decline of Greek civilization the plant remained dormant for a thousand years . . . when he plant was transported to Europe proper and once more imbedded in fertile soil. [Also see Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times

42. The Beginnings Of Mathematics In Greece, Part 1 The main topics of class were about a few of the first greek mathematicians. Thalesis considered to be the first recorded Greek mathematician. http://public.csusm.edu/DJBarskyWebs/330CollageAug29.html

The Beginnings of Mathematics in Greece, Part 1 The main topics of class were about a few of the first Greek mathematicians. First there was Thales of Miletus then Pythagoras of Samos. Thales is considered to be the first recorded Greek mathematician. Although we don't have any material written by him, Proclus wrote about him a little over a thousand years later using a supposed document written in 300 B.C. by Eudemus. Thales is given credit for doing some geometry proofs. He is said to have proven that the vertical angles of two intersecting straight lines are equal and that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. Pythagoras is given credit for forming a way of finding all the Pythagorean triples using squares and gnomons. I was always under the impression that Pythagoras created the formula a^2 + b^2 = c^2, but it would seem that it might have been the Babylonians who came up with it. From what we learned in class, Pythagoras came up with the way of finding triples that worked in the above mentioned formula. It would seem he did not come up with the formula, but came up with the numbers that worked in it without having to use the formula. His formulas associated the numbers to each other. I found it interesting that both the Babylonians and Pythagoras used squares and/or rectangles to prove and create their formulas. I never would have seen the connection between the Pythagorean theorem and sqaures and rectangles. Dr. Barsky opened today's discussion by noting that there is currently a debate raging on the math history list arguing different possibilities of how the Egyptians found the volume of a truncated pyramid, ironically the main topic of discussion in the last class period. One writer stated that it's hard to come to any agreement because some 99% of the books written by mathematicians of Euclid's time were actually written closer to the present time than to the time of the author.

43. Ancient Greece Resources For 6th Grade Social Studies Mathematics. A Chronological List of Mathematicians tells you all thegreek mathematicians and their dates. Some of the mathematicians http://www.dalton.org/groups/Greece/

The Dalton School Ancient Greece Resources for 6th Grade Social Studies Visit a Museum Take a Tour Mathematics Art and Architecture ... Maps Visit a Musuem The University of Pennsylvania has a great (and very useful) exhibition. The Ancient Greek World. It is divided into five parts: Daily Life, Land and Time, Economy, Religion and Death, and extra topics. Each of these sections is further subdivided for your convience. The National Archaeological Museum of Athens provides a very comprhensive set of images from its unparalleled collection. The Iraklion Archaeological Museum has an excellent collection of Bronze age finds from the island of Crete. A must visit for students of the Minoan culture. The British Museum has an unparalled collection of artifacts from the begining of the Bronze age. The Perseus Project mounted by Tufts University (near Boston) has organized a tremendous amount of Ancient Greek material. Part of their work brings together lots of pictures of Greek artifacts from many museums around the world. Two good things to look at are COINS and VASES The Perseus Project people let you search in a lot different categories, including animals, atheletics and historical people. Once you have chosen a category you just have to keep clicking until you get a picture ... with their stories and some pictures. They even let you search by vase shapes. Try clicking on "select another kind of search" if you want to search vases by period or region.Don't bother to click on "collection" because it just shows you who owns the vases today.

44. History Of 0 Issue 8 2002 Mathematics Magazine geometry. In other words greek mathematicians did not need to name theirnumbers since they worked with numbers as lengths of lines. Now http://www.mathematicsmagazine.com/nr8-2002/nr8-2002-hist_of_0.htm

Subscribe Mathematics Magazine for Grades 1-12 A history of Zero The word zero comes from the Arabic al-sifer... as cifra from which we have obtained our present cipher, meaning empty space. Sifer in turn is a translation of Hindi word sunya meaning void or empty. In Hindi shunya means zero. The terms aught, naught, and cipher are older names in English for zero... The first thing to say about zero is that there are two uses of zero that are both extremely important but are somewhat different. One use is as a empty place indicator in our place-value number system. In a number like 2106 the zero is used so that the positions of the 2 and 1 are correct. Clearly 216 means something quite different. The second use of zero is as a number itself in the form we use it as 0. There are also different aspects of zero within these two uses, namely the concept, the notation, and the name. Neither of these uses has an easily described history. It just did not happen that someone invented the ideas, and then everyone started to use them. Also it is fair to say that the number zero is far from an intuitive concept. Mathematical problems started as 'real' problems rather than abstract problems.

45. Greece Greek poet Sophocles A guide to his life and works Herodotus Links and informationAristophanes Information and links greek mathematicians Find information http://www.swindsor.k12.ct.us/Schools/tems/greece.html

Ancient Greece Mythology and People Famous Ancient Greeks Greek Myth -best site! The Ancient Greek World View artifacts at this museum and learn about life in Greece. The Greeks: Crucible of Civilizations Public Broadcasting Ancient Greece Visit this student made site and learn about the language, people, cities, sports and more Evergreen School District: Ancient Civilizations A student generated site detailing life in ancient Greece and Rome Exploring Ancient World Cultures A good site with information about ancient Greece and its people. World Cultures: Sparta Learn about this city-state Mrs. Hos-McGrane's Grade 6 Social Studies Class View the site created by a group of 6th graders Links to Ancient Greek History for Middle Schools Selected especially for schools these links will lead to a good amount of information and pictures Ancient Greece A comprehensive site with links to a great deal of information about Ancient Greece. This is a huge site! Olympics Compare ancient and modern Olympic sports, tour the site of Olympia as it looks today, or read about the athletes who were famous in ancient times.

46. Learning Family Studies Greek Science work. Science in Ancient Greece (Science of the Past) by Kathlyn Gay.Harrison Learned about greek mathematicians. Guide Next . I http://www.learningfamily.net/reiser/9901-act/021science.htm

Learning Family learns about Greek Science O ur modern science got its start in Ancient Greece, though it was much different than it is today. Without the curiosity and study of many Greek scholars, the advancements in medicine, technology, astronomy and mathematics that we benefit from today wouldn't exist. It's surprising to realize how advanced some of the concepts these men and women of science were even two thousand years ago. Things like atoms, the shape and size of the earth, the movement of planets and the purpose of the brain. We are so much better off because of their work. Science in Ancient Greece (Science of the Past) by Kathlyn Gay Harrison Learned about Greek Mathematicians Guide I learned about the mathematicians of Greece and what they discovered. Here are a few of them: I. Pythagoras Pythagoras made a school for men and women where he and his "Pythagoreans" discussed mathematics. They made a theory that "all things are numbers". They may have gotten the idea by observing the patterns of music and nature. Pythagoras also found a mathematical fact about traingles now called the Pythagorean Theorem, which states: "The sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse." Or, for any right traingle with legs a and b , and a hypotenuse c a b c ^2 ("^" means "raised to the power of")

47. Alphabet theorem Fundamental theorem of algebra General relativity Golden ratio Greek AstronomyGreek number systems greek mathematicians sources Greek mathematics http://www.chaffey.cc.ca.us/MathWeb/html/alpha.html

I f you need help with math, click here. When you need help with math, think of the Math Success Center. www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Indexes/HistoryTopics.html Topics Covered Abstract group concept Abstract linear spaces Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance? Arabic numerals Babylonian mathematics Babylonian numerals Babylonian Pythagoras’ theorem Bakhshali manuscript Chronology of Pi Chrystal and the Royal Society of Edinburgh Cosmology Doubling the cube e Egyptian mathematics Egyptian numerals Egyptian papyri Elliptic functions English attack on the Longitude Problem Fermat's last theorem Four colour theorem Fundamental theorem of algebra General relativity Golden ratio Greek Astronomy Greek number systems Greek mathematicians - sources Greek mathematics - sources Harriot's manuscripts Hirst's diary comments History of calculus History of the number e History of group theory History of mathematics at St Andrews to 1700 History of Pi History of Quantum mechanics History of Set Theory History of Zero History of Topology How do we know about Greek mathematicians?

48. Greek Mythology Introduction During this grading period we are learning about AncientGreece, Greek Mythology, Constellations, and greek mathematicians. http://its.guilford.k12.nc.us/webquests/greekmyths/work.htm

It's All Greek To Me!! Introduction Task Language Arts Resources ... Social Studies Introduction: During this grading period we are learning about Ancient Greece, Greek Mythology, Constellations, and Greek Mathematicians. This interactive activity will allow you to explore these different topics at your own pace. The Task: There are 3 main projects you will need to complete by the end of this unit. Research one Greek God or Goddess and prepare a formal presentation. Participate in grade level Seminar, using a popular Greek Myth. Turning in a packet of quizzes and worksheets compiled from this Webquest for a grade. Language Arts Activity #1 (25 points) Print out Greek Gods and Goddesses worksheet. Using different Resources , research each god and goddess using a search engine or one of the links provided. Print out a picture of one god and one goddess from the internet and attach it to your worksheet. Activity #2 (25 points) Create Zeus's family tree. Use different Resources to find pictures of each Greek god and goddess related to Zeus. Print out a picture of each Greek god and goddess in the family tree.

49. How Greek Science Passed To The Arabs and Constantine. III The Legacy of Greece 1. Alexandrian Science 2. Philosophy3. greek mathematicians 4. Greek Medicine. IV Christianity http://www.aina.org/aol/peter/greek.htm

Book review: How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs ( online book Peter BetBasoo Title How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs Author De Lacy O'Leary, D.D. Date 1949 (according to the inside title page: "owing to production delays this book was published in 1980") Pages 196 Index Yes Table of Contents I Introduction II Helenism in Asia 1. Hellenization of Syria 2. The Frontier Provinces 3. Foundation of Jundi-Shapur 4. Diocletian and Constantine III The Legacy of Greece 1. Alexandrian Science 2. Philosophy 3. Greek Mathematicians 4. Greek Medicine IV Christianity as a Hellenizing Force 1. Hellenistic Atmosphere of Christianity 2. Expansion of Christianity 3. Ecclesiastical Organization V The Nestorians 1. First School of Nisibis 2. School of Edessa 3. Nestorian Schism 4. Dark Period of the Nestorian Church 5. The Nestorian Reformation VI The Monophysites 1. Beginning of Monophysitism 2. The Monophysite Schism 3. Persecution of the Monophysites 4. Organization of the Monophysite Church 5. Persian Monophysites VII Indian Influence, I: The Sea Route 1. The Sea Route to India

50. The Classics Pages - Latin And Greek Teaching Resources the classics pages. MATHSCLASSICS PROJECT. ASSIGNMENT 5 THE GREEKS.There are many famous greek mathematicians. Write briefly about http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~loxias/mathsgreek.htm

the classics pages MATHS-CLASSICS PROJECT ASSIGNMENT 5: THE GREEKS There are many famous Greek Mathematicians. Write briefly about the following men: the information in brackets may help you. PYTHAGORAS ( theorem ) EUCLID ( measuring the width of a river ) ARCHIMEDES ( heureka ( which is the proper Greek word, rather than eureka! ), Principle, screw ) ERATOSTHENES [http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/Eratosthenes.html] circumference of the earth, [http://www.windows.umich.edu/people/ancient_epoch/eratosthenes.html ] sieve [http://www.math.utah.edu/classes/216/assignment-07.html] Draw each of the following . Find out the literal meaning and explain how the mathematical meaning has developed. 1. trapezium ( literally means 'table shape', why maths meaning? ) 2. rhombus 3. isosceles triangle 4. parallel lines 5. parallelogram 6. sphere

51. CheatHouse.com - Euclid: The Math Wiz the statement been generally accepted as necessary he is identified as the fatherof geometry and is thought to be one of greatest greek mathematicians he was http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/40262-euclid-the-math-wiz.html

Euclid, a Greek Mathematician, is one of the most significant and finest read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the manual of basic geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is identified as the father of geometry and is thought to be Euclid: The Math Wiz Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. History Home Essays [LOGIN] ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

52. History Of Mathematics Mathematics by Sir Thomas L. Heath This concise but thorough history encompassesthe enduring contributions of the ancient greek mathematicians whose works http://store.doverpublications.com/by-subject-science-and-mathematics-mathematic

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53. A Manual Of Greek Mathematics This concise but thorough history encompasses the enduring contributions of theancient greek mathematicians whose works form the basis of most modern http://store.doverpublications.com/0486432319.html

American History, American...... American Indians Anthropology, Folklore, My...... Antiques Architecture Art Bridge and Other Card Game...... Business and Economics Chess Children Clip Art and Design on CD-...... Cookbooks, Nutrition Crafts Detective, Ghost , Superna...... Dover Patriot Shop Ethnic Interest Features Gift Certificates Gift Ideas History, Political Science...... Holidays Humor Languages and Linguistics Literature Magic, Legerdemain Military History, Weapons ...... Music Nature Performing Arts, Drama, Fi...... Philosophy and Religion Photography Posters Puzzles, Amusement, Recrea...... Science and Mathematics Sociology, Anthropology, M...... Sports, Out-of-Door Activi...... Stationery, Gift Sets Stationery, Seasonal Books...... Summer Fun Shop Summer Reading Shop Travel and Adventure Women's Studies By Subject Science and Mathematics Mathematics History of Mathematics A Manual of Greek Mathematics Sir Thomas L. Heath Our Price (Table of Contents) Availability: In Stock (Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours) Format: Book ISBN: Page Count: Dimensions: 5 3/8 x 8 1/2 This concise but thorough history encompasses the enduring contributions of the ancient Greek mathematicians whose works form the basis of most modern mathematics. Written by a distinguished scholar and mathematician, the well-written, nontechnical text is geared toward high school, college, and graduate students, teachers, and those seeking a historical perspective on mathematics. Topics include Pythagorean arithmetic, Plato's use and philosophy of mathematics, an in-depth analysis of Euclid's "Elements," the beginnings of Greek algebra and trigonometry, and other mathematical milestones. 1931 ed.

54. Archimedes Scholar Finds Something To Holler 'Eureka!' About Conventional wisdom has it that ancient greek mathematicians dislikeddealing with infinity. Now researchers have discovered that http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-11/su-asf110802.php

Public release date: 8-Nov-2002 Contact: John Sanford jsanford@stanford.edu Stanford University Archimedes scholar finds something to holler 'Eureka!' about Reviel Netz, an assistant professor of classics, might not have actually shouted "Eureka!" on a visit last year to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, but that's what he was thinking. A scholar of Greek mathematics, Netz was hanging out with one of his colleagues and frequent collaborators, Professor Ken Saito of the Osaka Prefecture University in Japan, when they flew together to Baltimore in January 2001 to look at a recently rediscovered codex of Archimedes treatises. "It was basically just tourism," Netz recalled. On a lark they examined a theretofore unread section of The Method of Mechanical Theorems, which is the book's biggest claim to fame; no other copy of the work is known to exist. What they discovered made their jaws drop. Missing The Archimedes Palimpsest, as the book is called, is in terrible shape. (A palimpsest is a manuscript that has been written on more than once; in this case, a 13th-century Greek prayer book overlays the 10th-century script of the treatises.) The pages have been battered, gouged, scorched by fire and blotched by fungus. Without the use of computer technology, they would be mostly unreadable. But when the palimpsest caught the attention of the great Danish philologist Johan Ludvig Heiberg in 1906, the underlying script was much more legible. At that time, the volume was in a library collection in Constantinople - present-day Istanbul - and, until Heiberg went to examine it, nobody seems to have realized its importance; the book contained the ancient Greek mathematician's previously unknown treatise on The Method of Mechanical Theorems.

55. Biography Of Pappus Of Alexandria Wrote treatise, the Mathematical Collection, as a guide to greek geometry, discusses theorems and constructions of more than thirty different mathematicians of antiquity. http://www.lib.virginia.edu/science/parshall/pappus.html

Biography of Pappus of Alexandria Pappus of Alexandria flourished in the first half of the fourth century. He wrote his treatise, the Mathematical Collection , as a guide to Greek geometry. Here Pappus discusses theorems and constructions of more than thirty different mathematicians of antiquity, including Euclid , Archimedes and Ptolemy. Sometimes, as in the case of the problem of inscribing the five regular solids in a given sphere, Pappus provides alternatives to the proofs given in earlier works. In other cases, he generalizes theorems of earlier writers, as he does with the Pythagorean Theorem found in Euclid's Elements MAIN DOCUMENT CONTENTS FIRST MENTION To return to place in document from which you came, click on your browser's BACK BUTTON. Selected Biographical References Gillispie, Charles C. ed. The Dictionary of Scientific Biography , 16 vols. 2 supps. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970-1990. S.v. "Pappus of Alexandria" by Ivor Bulmer-Thomas. Heath, Thomas L. A History of Greek Mathematics , 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1921. 1:355-439.

56. The Hellenic Cultural Society Of San Diego, California The Hellenic Cultural Society is a notfor-profit corporation dedicated to researching, preserving and promoting the great work of the philosophers, historians, mathematicians, scientists, writers, artists and other minds of greek origin. http://www.hellenic-culture.org/

Site Design [ Gaucho Graphics

57. Thabit Gives information on background and contributions to noneuclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, number theory and the field of statics. Was an important translator of greek materials, including Euclid's Elements, during the Middle Ages. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thabit.html

Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani Born: 826 in Harran, Mesopotamia (now Turkey) Died: 18 Feb 901 in Baghdad, (now in Iraq) Click the picture above to see a larger version Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Thabit ibn Qurra was a native of Harran and a member of the Sabian sect. The Sabian religious sect were star worshippers from Harran often confused with the Mandaeans (as they are in [1]). Of course being worshipers of the stars meant that there was strong motivation for the study of astronomy and the sect produced many quality astronomers and mathematicians. The sect, with strong Greek connections, had in earlier times adopted Greek culture, and it was common for members to speak Greek although after the conquest of the Sabians by Islam, they became Arabic speakers. There was another language spoken in southeastern Turkey, namely Syriac, which was based on the East Aramaic dialect of Edessa. This language was Thabit ibn Qurra's native language, but he was fluent in both Greek and Arabic. Some accounts say that Thabit was a money changer as a young man. This is quite possible but some historians do not agree. Certainly he inherited a large family fortune and must have come from a family of high standing in the community.

58. Timeline Of Greek And Roman Philosophers Timelines. greek and Roman Philosophers and mathematicians. NAME DATES,MORE INFORMATION. Euclid (c. 325 BC265 BC) greek mathematician, Euclid. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_time_philosophers.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Ancient / Classical History Home ... Trojan War Hero Achilles - Troy zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Atlas and Places - Where? Ancient Greece - Greek Ancient Rome - Romans ANE Egypt Persia Israel... ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Ancient / Classical History newsletter. Search Ancient / Classical History Timelines Greek and Roman Philosophers and Mathematicians MORE INFORMATION Thales Greek philosopher Thales Pythagoras of Samos c c . 520 B.C.) Greek philosopher Pythagoras Anaximenes (d. c Greek philosopher Anaximenes Xenophanes of Colophon c Greek philosopher Xenophanes Parmenides of Elea c c . 445 B.C.) Greek philosopher Parmenides' Metaphysics Anaxagoras of Clazomenae c c . 428 B.C.) Greek philosopher Anaxagoras Links Empedocles of Acragas c c . 432 B.C.) Greek philosopher Empedocles Links Zeno of Elea c c . 430 B.C.) Greek philosopher Zeno Leucippus of Miletus c c . 420 B.C.) Greek philosopher Presocratic Philosophy Links Protagoras (480-411 B.C.)

59. Origins Of Some Arithmetic Terms #2 Lemma mathematicians use the word lemma to describe a proof which is a preliminary Theword is directly from the greek and descended from lambanein which meant http://www.pballew.net/arithme2.html

Math Words, pg 2 Back to Math Words Alphabetical Index Calendar comes to us from the name of a bookkeeping ledger, and indirectly from the ancient Roman practice of starting each month on a new moon. In the earliest Roman calendars, as in many early societies, the cycle of social events was based on the moon. The date of the new moon would signal a new month and the first day of the month was called the kalends . Many official practices would occur on this date. The community would gather to hear the announcement of the dates on which the "nones" (nine days before the full moon), and the "ides" (the full moon) would occur, and then, as now, the people you owed money would come around looking for their due. The money lenders of ancient Rome kept their accounts in a record book and it became known as a kalendarium . Eventually, the name was applied to the record of dates that we now call a calendar. The genus of the common Pot Marigold, calendula, is from the same root, seemingly because it was thought to be a cure for menstrual disorders. You can find an extensive discussion on the history of calendars, including Gregorian, Julian, Egyptian, Mayan, Islamic, Jewish, Persian and more at

60. Wonders Of Ancient Greek Mathematics Biographies of mathematicians, modern and ancient. Geographic Locations and somebibliographic info on ancient greek thinkers(everybody did everything back then http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Tim/Contents.html

Please note: These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. We assume no responsibility over the content of these papers: we present them as is as a part of the course, not as documents in the Perseus Digital Library . We do not have contact information for the authors. Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. Wonders of Ancient Greek Mathematics (and maybe some not so wonderful but still cool stuff) By Timothy Reluga Look at the comments on this paper. Preface Enigma's of the Past Squaring the Circle Doubling the Cube Trisecting the Angle Elegant Proofs and Methods of Ancient Ones Pythagorus's Theorem The Golden Section Splitting the prism and the Method of Exhaustions Archimede's Spiral Technical References Glossary may or may not be helpful Constructions defined Biographies of mathematicians, modern and ancient Geographic Locations and some bibliographic info on ancient Greek thinkers(everybody did everything back then) Manuscripts of Euclid and Archimedes scanned from the Vatican's display in Washington D.C.

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