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         Memetics:     more books (29)
  1. Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science
  2. The Memetics of Music by Steven Jan, 2007-08
  3. Memetic Magic by Kirk Packwood, 2004-04
  4. Disinfect Your Mind: Defend Yourself with Memetics Against Mass Media, Politicians, Corporate Management, Your Aunt's Advice, and Other Mind Viruses by Ely Asher, 2006-02-25
  5. Spiral Dynamics Integral: Learn to Master the Memetic Codes of Human Behavior by Don, Ph.D. Beck, 2006-03-01
  6. Recent Advances in Memetic Algorithms (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing)
  7. Resource Leveling using Petrinet and Memetic approach.(Report): An article from: American Journal of Applied Sciences by K. Raja, S. Kumanan, 2007-05-01
  8. Memetic Algorithm timetabling for non-commercial sport leagues [An article from: European Journal of Operational Research] by J. Schonberger, D. Mattfeld, et all 2004-02-16
  9. A memetic algorithm for channel assignment in wireless FDMA systems [An article from: Computers and Operations Research] by S.-S. Kim, A.E. Smith, et all 2007-06-01
  10. MA|PM: memetic algorithms with population management [An article from: Computers and Operations Research] by K. Sorensen, M. Sevaux, 2006-05-01
  11. Cellular memetic algorithms.: An article from: Journal of Computer Science & Technology by Enrique Alba, Bernabe Dorronsoro, et all 2005-12-01
  12. General semantics and memetics: a tentative relationship?: An article from: ETC.: A Review of General Semantics by Robert G. Grimes, 1998-03-22
  13. Borges and memetics: the immortality of ideas.(Jorge Luis Borges )(Critical Essay): An article from: Variaciones Borges by Ricardo Waizbort, Lucia de La Rocque, 2005-07-01
  14. Operational Freight Carrier Planning: Basic Concepts, Optimization Models and Advanced Memetic Algorithms (GOR-Publications) by Jörn Schönberger, 2005-06-20

61. Memepool.com: Memetics Archive
Gender has economic, social, and political impact . to memetics by djinn. WhatI found there, though, was a very nice collection of memetics links.
http://www.memepool.com/Subject/Memetics/
memepool
all medium, no message [ articles posted to Memetics recent articles Search ] [ archives by Date Subject Author Tuesday
Apr 13, 2004
A snippet of memepath: ... Elkins Long Story, Short Pier David Chess Caterina ... icontemplate
to Memetics by yoyology Thursday
Mar 13, 2003
One interesting way to mindread the zeitgeist is to pay attention to newly coined words
to Memetics by yoyology Wednesday
Mar 13, 2002
The forward du jour has already given rise to mutations . If you've been wondering what the fuzzy mouthed bricks in the pictures are, the mutation's creator approves of this nice resource: the Domo-Kun page.
to Memetics by fool Saturday
Mar 2, 2002
Attention, humans! After excessive surfing at memepool, please subject yourself to the TotL.net Human Virus Scanner to rid yourself of any memetic viruses that may have infected your brain.
to Memetics by kade Tuesday
Sep 25, 2001
At least one Private Military Company is consulting to business and government on building effective memes for Psychological and Information Warfare to Memetics by overload Thursday Aug 9, 2001

62. Memes.org :: Memes Are Mind Viruses
This is Category font class= pntitle memetics /font Following arethe News Items published under this Category. See all. memetics
http://memes.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=index&catid=7

63. Fear, Religion And Religious Hatred - Memetics And The Meme Theory Of Religion.
Religions of fear and hate meme theory and memetics. http//home.btclick.com/scimah/.Memes - the skeptic s dissection of religion
http://home.btclick.com/scimah/memes.htm
Religions of fear and hate - meme theory and memetics.
http://home.btclick.com/scimah/
Memes - the skeptic's dissection of religion
Among many anthropologists, sociologists and philosophers, it has recently become fashionable to dismiss all religions as memes - parasitic mental processes which propagate in the same manner as chain letters [Dawkins 1989, Dennett 1995]. In this view, religious belief is a self-perpetuating delusion. A meme (rhymes with 'dream') may be defined as any self-referential belief system which contains within itself the instructions for its own propagation. Memes are often described as the cultural equivalents of computer viruses. A meme carries exactly the same fear-driven psychological motivation as a chain letter - "If you propagate me then something nice will happen, if not then something horrible will happen". In order to justify themselves against attack by reason, memes place absolute reliance on faith, which is seen as being superior to reason. They also contain self-referential or circular claims to the truth such as "This meme says it is the divine truth. Since it is the divine truth whatever its says must be true. Therefore it must be divine truth because it says so and all competing memes must be the work of the Devil". These two types of self-referential statement "propagate me" and "I am the only truth" provide the driving force for memes to invade the minds of their hosts. In addition, many memes contain the instructions "Help people who believe in this meme, attack people who do not". These commands being the ultimate cause of all religious hatred, wars, pogroms and persecutions throughout the centuries.

64. The Industrial Memetics Institute
The Industrial memetics Institute is an unfathomably vast hierarchical bureaucracymade up of extremely boring people who spend their days in row after row of
http://www.industrialmemetics.com/
About Us:
HOME
PROJECTS

SERVICES

CONTACT
...
CAREERS

Greetings Consumer, The Industrial Memetics Institute is an unfathomably vast hierarchical bureaucracy made up of extremely boring people who spend their days in row after row of gray cubicles; sitting at gray desks, typing at gray computer terminals, and thinking gray thoughts. The employees of the Industrial Memetics Institute run the world. A few key presses on one of our computer terminals can mean the difference between life and death for thousands of people in the third world. Our employees do not understand this relationship, and they do not enjoy their jobs. We hope that you do not find our website too exciting, and we hope that you are not aimlessly browsing the web when you have work to do. Sincerely,
Tom Cross
CEO
Industrial Memetics

65. UK Memes Central
Memes Central has moved to http//www.susanblackmore.co.uk/memetics/index.htm. Inpress ``Darwinizing Culture The Status of memetics as a Science, Ed.
http://www.memes.org.uk/
UK Memes Central
Memes Central has moved to http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/memetics/index.htm Visit our Visit the Meme Lab Command Bunker
Meme Links
  • Texts
    • Extract from Human Nature Review 2002 Volume 2: 454-462 (17 October) Essay Review ``Colorless Green Homunculi'' by William L. Benzon of ``The Electric Meme: A New Theory of How We Think'' by Robert Aunger, The Free Press, 2002, ISBN 0743201507. Dawkins had little to say about just where one might look in the brain to find memes and other memeticists have been content to follow him in that. Robert Aunger, an anthropologist at the University of Cambridge, believes that it is time memeticists end their agnosticism on this matter. To that purpose he has written The Electric Meme. It is best viewed as two books. One book is comprised of the first six chapters, which are preparatory in nature, reviewing the current state of memetics, alternative analyses of human cultural evolution, types of replicator (DNA, prions, computer viruses), and the physical nature of information. This book is competent, interesting, and thought provoking. The second book sets forth Aunger's new theory of neuromemetics. It differs from the first as night from day. For reasons that I cannot fathom, when Aunger begins constructing his neural model he sheds the discipline of Dr. Jekyll in favor of the random muttering of Mr. Hyde. This second book is a failure. Aunger's ideas are vague, incoherent, and contradictory. Trying to infuse his phrases and sentences with meaning made me feel like Hercules fighting the many-headed Hydra. Every time Hercules cut one head off, two or three others sprung up to replace it. Every time I've tried to patch one of Aunger's coherence-leaks I've had to entertain a handful of improbable assertions to make the one patch plausible. I cannot recommend this second book to anyone for any purpose.

66. Secular Transhuman Memetics Page
This is a source for all information relating to extending and enhancing the humanlife span, immortality, memetics, religion and related technology.
http://home.earthlink.net/~whysean/memes.html
Memes 101
Richard Dawkins
coined the word "meme" in his book The Selfish Gene (New York: Oxford University Press 1976) to be analogous to the word gene. A meme in its most basic definition is an idea that is contagious, such as a slogan, cliché or song, that is imparted from one person or thing to another person. This means that an individual can tell a joke to another person, who then remembers it and passes it along to others. In that case, the meme is the joke. In another example, the meme can be created by a person or group of people and then transmitted to another person in the form of mass communication like radio, TV or the Internet. In that sense, commercial slogans and jingles or even the url of a webpage seen in a magazine ad is a meme. For an impartial definition of the word meme, Click Here In the same way that biological organisms evolve, ideas also have an evolutionary process. The meme is analogous to the gene and Ideology is analogous to biology. The meme is a small replicating piece of ideological information corresponding to the role of the gene as a biological replicator. Memetics is the study of the mind at the same low level as genetics is the study of the body. This analogy is very useful in explaining the way in which ideas propagate themselves from mind to mind, and the survival strategies they employ to get themselves copied. Types of Memes
Memetic survival strategies fall into three categories: Symbiotic - These memes are beneficial to the individual. They survive by making themselves useful to their hosts. Because these ideas produce desirable results, they are more likely to be remembered and passed on to others.

67. Darwinizing Culture: The State Of Memetics As A Science By Robert Aunger (editor
Darwinizing Culture The State of memetics as a Science by Robert Aunger(editor), review by Matthew WolfMeyer . . . is at once
http://www.popmatters.com/books/reviews/d/darwinizing-culture.html
b o o k s Darwinizing Culture: The State of Memetics as a Science
Author
: Robert Aunger (editor)
Oxford University Press
March 2001, 256 pages, $29.95 by Matthew Wolf-Meyer
PopMatters Books Critic
e-mail this article F or those unfamiliar with "memes," they are, quite simply, the theoretical smallest cultural commodity an idea that replicates itself through its symbiotic relationship with its human host. The theory is either entirely absurd or the solution to the mystery of culture that has been the province of anthropologists for the past century and a half. The concept was birthed by a scientist (Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene [1977]), and this alone is enough to distance some potentially interested parties in the humanities and social sciences. Darwinizing Culture is at once the reiteration and clarification of memetic theory, as well as a series of arguments against the theory as it stands and those theorists who so often find the concept attractive, but who are isolated in the sciences and distanced from previous theories of culture and cultural development. The collection brings together pieces from Susan Blackmore (author of The Meme Machine [Oxford, 1999]), Henry Plotkin, David Hull, and Dan Sperber, as well as many other younger theorists, following a rather terse foreword by Daniel Dennet one of memetic theory’s greatest proponents. Aunger's introduction and conclusion to the collection are wonderful contributions and help to establish the debate, both contemporaneously and historically, for memes enthusiasts and those new to the field as well.

68. FUSION Anomaly. Meme
Memetic engineering developed from diverse influences, including cutting edgephysics of consciousness and memetics research, chaos Hail Eris! memetics.
http://fusionanomaly.net/meme.html
Telex External Link Internal Link Inventory Cache
Meme
This nOde last updated May 7th, 2003 and is permanently morphing...

(11 K'an (Corn) / 12 Uo - 24/260 - 12.19.10.4.4) "An idea is something you have;
an ideology is something that has you." Morris Berman
I don't entertain
, I enter the brain..."
DJ Spooky
on Outpost/Asphodel (1998)
Coined by zoologist Richard Dawkins in his controversial book _The Selfish Gene , the 'meme' is the study of ideas which replicate and transmit themselves via the human mind the way a virus does in a biological host.Important early scientific studies were conducted by Daniel C. Dennett and Douglas Hofstadter in the 1980s, before a climate of viral metaphors (Ebola, AIDS) and a rapidly growing hedonistic cyberculture helped popularize the memetics field in the1990s. Memetic engineering developed from diverse influences, including cutting edge physics of consciousness and memetics research, chaos theory, semiotics, culture jamming , military information warfare, and the

69. Tim's Brain > Memes : Memetics
alt.memetics (Added 17Apr-2001). Church of Virus - A collection of mutually-supportingideas (a meme-complex) encompassing philosophy, science, technology
http://www.timsbrain.com/Memes/Memetics/
Home Memes > Memetics
TIM'S BRAIN
  • alt.memetics (Added: 17-Apr-2001) Church of Virus - A collection of mutually-supporting ideas (a meme-complex) encompassing philosophy, science, technology, politics, and religion. (Added: 17-Apr-2001) Meme Central - Author Richard Brodie's site, "the center of the world of memetics". (Added: 17-Apr-2001) Meme Lab - Short intro, bibliography, and several original academic papers. (Added: 17-Apr-2001) Memes Meta-Memes and Politics - Lengthy paper by H. Keith Henson. (Added: 17-Apr-2001) Memetics publications on the web - Huge collection of links. (Added: 17-Apr-2001) The Journal of Memetics - The journal of memetics seeks to develop the memetic perspective, with space devoted to relevant evolutionary issues and other related topics. (Added: 19-Apr-2001) The meme hunter - A British psychologist (Susan Blackmore)prowls for hard evidence that memes ideas that reproduce genetically, like viruses actually exist. What's one of the prime habitats? The Internet. (Added: 17-Apr-2001)

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70. Meme
a unit. The study of memes is called memetics. In casual memetics. memeticsis the formal study of memes. memetics can currently be
http://www.fact-index.com/m/me/meme.html
Main Page See live article Alphabetical index
Meme
The word "meme" is pronounced like the word "beam". Simply put, a meme is an idea which spreads. In more specific terms, a meme is a self-propagating unit of cultural evolution , analogous to the gene (the unit of biological evolution ). The term was coined by Richard Dawkins in his controversial book The Selfish Gene . The concept predates the coining of the term; for example, William S. Burroughs ' assertion that "Language is a virus". Memes can represent parts of ideas languages , tunes, designs, skills, moral and esthetic values and anything else that is commonly learned and passed on to others as a unit. The study of memes is called memetics In casual use, the term meme is sometimes used to mean any piece of information passed from one person to another. This is much closer to the analogy of "language as a virus" than it is to Dawkins's analogy of memes as replicating behaviours. Table of contents 1 Overview
2 Examples of memes

3 Evolution of memes

4 Biological analogies
...
7 See Also
Overview
"The key to every man is his thought. Sturdy and defying though he look, he has a helm which he obeys, which is the idea after which all his facts are classified. He can only be reformed by showing him a new idea which commands his own." - Ralph Waldo Emerson

71. Memetic Algorithms' Home Page
Prof. Jim Smith). Bibliography on Population memetics. The evolution Apr.1994. Organizational memetics ? Organizational Learning
http://www.densis.fee.unicamp.br/~moscato/memetic_home.html
Memetic Algorithms' Home Page
Memetic Algorithms is a population-based approach for heuristic search in optimization problems. They have shown that they are orders of magnitude faster than traditional Genetic Algorithms for some problem domains. Basically, they combine local search heuristics with crossover operators. For this reason, some researchers have viewed them as Hybrid Genetic Algorithms . However, combinations with constructive heuristics or exact methods may also belong to this class of metaheuristics. Since they are most suitable for MIMD parallel computers and distributed computing systems (including heterogeneous systems) as those composed by networks of workstations, they have also received the dubious denomination of Parallel Genetic Algorithms . Other researchers known it as Genetic Local Search The first use of the term Memetic Algorithms in the computing literature has appeared in 1989 in On Evolution, Search, Optimization, Genetic Algorithms and Martial Arts: Towards Memetic Algorithms . That paper discussed a heuristic we developed with Michael G. Norman which used Simulated Annealing for local search with a competitive and cooperative game between agents, interspersed with the use of a crossover operator (Caltech Concurrent Computation Program, Report. 790, 1989). Our method addressed the Traveling Salesman Problem as a representative test-bed. The method is gaining wide acceptance, in particular in well-known combinatorial optimization problems where large instances have been solved to optimality and where other metaheuristics have failed. An open research issue is to understand which features of the representation chosen had lead to characteristics of the objective functions which are efficiently exploited by a memetic approach.

72. Interesting Thing Of The Day: Memetics
memetics. The science of idea propagation. I had not heard of the book or its subjectmatter, the science of memetics, but I was fascinated by what I read.
http://www.itotd.com/index.alt?ArticleID=81

73. Memetics - EvoWiki
memetics. memetics is a field of biology, psychology, and sociologywhich deals with the replication, spread and evolution of memes.
http://wiki.cotch.net/wiki.phtml?title=Memetics

74. Biology Sociobiology Memetics
Biology. Most comprehensive resource on Biology Sociobiology memetics. Showbiology (Biology Sociobiology memetics) content on your web site memetics .
http://biology.designerz.com/biology-sociobiology-memetics.php
Map.Designerz.com Science.Designerz.com Biology News Biology Chat ... Domain Names Sale - Save up to 75%
document.write(' '); Home Sociobiology
Biology
Cell Biology ...
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Channels Visited Clear Featured Links Web Hosting Sign up for our mailing list Biology

75. Memetics: Science Of Information Viruses
memetics. The Science of Information Viruses. By Keith Henson. Tentative answersto these questions are beginning to emerge from the new field of memetics.
http://www.nancho.net/memes/infoviru.html
MEMETICS
The Science of Information Viruses
By Keith Henson
Nancho Advisory: While this treatment focuses on the pathological "viral" aspects of ideas, it might be helpful to also keep in mind their adaptive gene-like functions. Conventional wisdom implies that, like germs and Indians, the only good virus is a dead one. Yet we know that memes like liberty, democracy, small-is-beautiful, et salubrious cetera have played an actively benevolent role in human social evolution. To inoculate the earth against the abusive ideas traced below we may have to set a meme to catch (and supplant) a meme...
We don't have a science of social prediction. Until recently we haven't even had much in the way of theories. Our continual surprise at the development of cults, religions, wars, fads, and other social movements is a notable exception to the steady progress humans have made in building better models of our environment. Our lack of good models must be considered a major deficiency. A successful theory for the development of social movements will have to provide a unifying theory for events that make up much of the evening news. It will have to discover common features that lie behind the diverse trends causing problems in Nicaragua, South Africa, Northern Ireland and the Middle East. It should be able to produce a plausible model for the breakup of the Rajneesh cult. The theory should be able to predict the conditions under which Turkey will be subverted by a fundamentalist version of Islam similar to that which has led to so much grief in Iran.

76. Memes: The Memetics Section Of The Meme Machine
Memes The memetics Section of Debate Unlimited. Ahh! Isn t memetics Just aMeme? Isn t memetics just another meme? Yes, but what does that prove?
http://www.mwillett.org/Memes/meme1.htm
Memes:
The Memetics Section of Debate Unlimited
Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man Atheism Politics Memes Mind Matters Quiz Feedback ...
What are Memes?
Good question, there would not be much point in going any further in this zone until you found out what memes were. And it is better to learn about them from somebody who knows, isn't it?
Willett's Wager
I bet I know what aliens will believe...
Exotheology
More about the beliefs of aliens
Willett's Wager: 01
Later thoughts on the beliefs of aliens
The Ought Cloud
The issue of is and ought, especially in relation to evolution.
The Maggie Simpson Model
The self and the lies told in its name
The Self Fulfilling Prophecy
The memetic analysis of Christianity
Real Explanations
The memetic analysis of why people do such crazy things
Sue Blackmore and The Meme Machine
Correspondence between myself and Susan Blackmore
Memes and the Christian
Correspondence with a (the?) Christian who is not woefully ignorant
Ahh! Isn't Memetics Just a Meme?
Isn't memetics just another meme? Yes, but what does that prove?
Losing the Bet
Why I want to lose my bet Atheism Politics Memes Mind ... Debate mwillett.org

77. Memetics Definition Of Memetics In Computing. What Is Memetics? Meaning Of Memet
encyclopedia article about memetics. memetics in Free online Englishdictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Provides memetics. Word
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/memetics
Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
memetics
Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition (philosophy) memetics - /me-met'iks/ The study of memes.
As of mid-1993, this is still an extremely informal and speculative endeavor, though the first steps toward at least statistical rigor have been made by H. Keith Henson and others. Memetics is a popular topic for speculation among hackers, who like to see themselves as the architects of the new information ecologies in which memes live and replicate.
Previous Computing Dictionary Browser Next MELD
MELDC

Melinda
...
memory leak

Full Dictionary Browser Meme
Meme
(comp.)
Meme
(enc.)
meme plague
(comp.)
Meme pool
(enc.) Meme-complex (enc.) Memel Memel (enc.) Memento Memento (enc.) Memento (movie) (enc.) Memento mori Memento mori (enc.) Memento pattern (enc.) Memeplex (enc.) Memetic (enc.) memetic algorithm (comp.) Memetic drift (enc.) Memetic engineer (enc.) Memetic lexicon (enc.) Memeware (enc.) Memex (comp.) Memex (enc.) Memin (enc.) Meminna Memling (enc.) Memma (enc.) Memmingen (enc.)

78. Memetics Definition Of Memetics In Computing. What Is Memetics? Meaning Of Memet
encyclopedia article about memetics. memetics in Free online Englishdictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Provides memetics. Word
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Memetics
Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
memetics
Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition (philosophy) memetics - /me-met'iks/ The study of memes.
As of mid-1993, this is still an extremely informal and speculative endeavor, though the first steps toward at least statistical rigor have been made by H. Keith Henson and others. Memetics is a popular topic for speculation among hackers, who like to see themselves as the architects of the new information ecologies in which memes live and replicate.
Previous Computing Dictionary Browser Next MELD
MELDC

Melinda
...
memory leak

Full Dictionary Browser Meme
Meme
(comp.)
Meme
(enc.)
meme plague
(comp.)
Meme pool
(enc.) Meme-complex (enc.) Memel Memel (enc.) Memento Memento (enc.) Memento (movie) (enc.) Memento mori Memento mori (enc.) Memento pattern (enc.) Memeplex (enc.) Memetic (enc.) memetic algorithm (comp.) Memetic drift (enc.) Memetic engineer (enc.) Memetic lexicon (enc.) Memeware (enc.) Memex (comp.) Memex (enc.) Memin (enc.) Meminna Memling (enc.) Memma (enc.) Memmingen (enc.)

79. Memes, Memetics
Memes, memetics. Definition. memetics was invented by Richard Dawkins, and isa theory for understanding the spreading of information patterns (ideas).
http://www.jahsonic.com/Memes.html
[jahsonic.com] [Next >>]
Memes, Memetics
Definition
A meme is the basic unit of cultural evolution. A meme is the smallest unit of culture.
Introduction
Memetics was invented by Richard Dawkins, and is a theory for understanding the spreading of information patterns ( ideas ). The word "meme" is a parallel to "gene", and signifies that this is a metaphor which likens the spreading of ideas to that of the spreading of genes. In this metaphor, ideas are taken to be akin to viruses, "infecting" their hosts in a symbiotic state. Memes need people to reproduce themselves.
Christianity
Christianity is based upon the teachings of Jesus, a Jew who lived his life in the Roman province of Palestine. Roman communications networks enabled Christianity to spread quickly throughout the Roman empire and eventually to the rest of Europe, and finally the entire globe.
Reproduction
  • see also reproduction
    Article
    MEMES meme: ( pron. 'meem' ) A contagious idea that replicates like a virus, passed on from mind to mind. Memes function the same way genes and viruses do, propagating through communication networks and face-to-face contact between people. The root of the word "memetics," a field of study which postulates that the meme is the basic unit of cultural evolution. Examples of memes include melodies, icons, jokes, fashion statements
  • 80. Memetic Algorithms' Home Page
    Bibliography on Population memetics. memetics on the Web. ``An idea is somethingyou have, an ideology is something that has you. , Morris Berman.
    http://www.ing.unlp.edu.ar/cetad/mos/memetic_home.html
    Memetic Algorithms' Home Page
    Memetic Algorithms is a population-based approach for heuristic search in optimization problems. They have shown that they are orders of magnitude faster than traditional Genetic Algorithms for some problem domains. Basically, they combine local search heuristics with crossover operators. For this reason, some researchers have viewed them as Hybrid Genetic Algorithms . However, combinations with constructive heuristics or exact methods may also belong to this class of metaheuristics. Since they are most suitable for MIMD parallel computers and distributed computing systems (including heterogeneous systems) as those composed by networks of workstations, they have also received the dubious denomination of Parallel Genetic Algorithms . Other researchers known it as Genetic Local Search The first use of the term Memetic Algorithms in the computing literature has appeared in 1989 in On Evolution, Search, Optimization, Genetic Algorithms and Martial Arts: Towards Memetic Algorithms . That paper discussed a heuristic we developed with Michael G. Norman which used Simulated Annealing for local search with a competitive and cooperative game between agents, interspersed with the use of a crossover operator (Caltech Concurrent Computation Program, Report. 790, 1989). Our method addressed the Traveling Salesman Problem as a representative test-bed. The method is gaining wide acceptance, in particular in well-known combinatorial optimization problems where large instances have been solved to optimality and where other metaheuristics have failed. An open research issue is to understand which features of the representation chosen had lead to characteristics of the objective functions which are efficiently exploited by a memetic approach.

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