21. Stoicism - A School Of Thought He was apparently well versed in Platonic thought, for he had studied at Plato sAcademy both with xenocrates of chalcedon and with Polemon of Athens http://www.kat.gr/kat/history/Rel/Stoicism.htm

Stoicism A school of thought that flourished in Greek and Roman antiquity. It was one of the loftiest and most sublime philosophies in the record of Western civilization. In urging participation in the affairs of man, Stoics have always believed that the goal of all inquiry is to provide man with a mode of conduct characterized by tranquillity of mind and certainty of moral worth. Nature and scope of Stoicism For the early Stoic philosopher, as for all the post-Aristotelian schools, knowledge and its pursuit are no longer held to be ends in themselves. The Hellenistic Age was a time of transition, and the Stoic philosopher was perhaps its most influential spokesman. A new culture was in the making. The heritage of an earlier period, with Athens as its intellectual leader, was to continue, but to undergo many changes. If, as with Socrates , to know is to know oneself, rationality as the sole means by which something outside of the self might be achieved may be said to be the hallmark of Stoic belief. As a Hellenistic philosophy, Stoicism presented an ars vitae

22. Greek Philosophy the first of these were Speusippus (son of Plato s sister), who succeeded him asthe head of the school (till 339 BCE), and xenocrates of chalcedon (till 314 http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/greek/greek_philosophy.html

Ancient Greece, history, Minoan Crete Sparta, Athens, Peloponessian war Home Ancient Greece - History > Greek Philosophy Site Map Slide Shows Guest Book Links ... Support Us Greek Philosophy   Our western philosophical tradition began in ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE. Philosophy was first brought into connection with practical life by Pythagoras of Samos (about 582-504 BCE), from whom it received its name: "the love of wisdom". Regarding the world as perfect harmony, dependent on number, he aimed at inducing humankind likewise to lead a harmonious life. His doctrine was adopted and extended by a large following of Pythagoreans, including Damon, especially in Lower Italy. A new period of philosophy opened with the Athenian Socrates (469-399 BCE). Socrates made the thoughts and opinions of people his starting-point; Socrates questioned people relentlessly about their beliefs. He tried to find the definitions of the virtues, such as courage and justice, by cross-examining people who professed to have knowledge of them. His method of cross-examining people, the elenchus, did not succeed in establishing what the virtues really were, however; they simply exposed the ignorance of his interlocutors.

23. History Of Astronomy: Persons (X) History of Astronomy Persons (X). xenocrates of chalcedon (396 BC 314 BC) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.); Very http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_x.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (X) Xenocrates of Chalcedon (396 BC - 314 BC) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Very short biography Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570 BC - c. 480 BC) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Ximenes, Didacus (?-1560) Short biography and references From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Wolfgang R. Dick . Created: 16 Jan 1995. Latest update: 20 Feb 2002

24. Aristotle With him went another Academy member of note, xenocrates of chalcedon,whose lethargy became the target of Plato s ridicule. Plato http://sandros.freeservers.com/aristotle.html

A r i s t o t l e Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Web Hosting - GlobalServers.com Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed Internet ... Dial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95 Aristotle was born in the summer of 384 BC in the small Greek township of Stagira (or Stagirus, or Stageirus), on the Chalcidic peninsula of Macedonia, in northern Greece. (For this reason Aristotle is also known as the "Stagirite.") His father, Nicomachus, was court physician to Amyntas III, king of Macedonia, father of Philip II, and grandfather of Alexander the Great. As a doctor's son, Aristotle was heir to a scientific tradition some 200 years old. The case histories contained in the Epidemics of Hippocrates, the father of Greek medicine, may have introduced him at an early age to the concepts and practices of Greek medicine and biology. As a physician, Nicomachus was a member of the guild of the Asclepiads, the so-called sons of Asclepius, the legendary founder and god of medicine. Because medicine was a traditional occupation in certain families, being handed down from father to son, Aristotle in all likelihood learned at home the fundamentals of that practical skill he was afterward to display in his biological researches. Had he been a medical student he would have undergone a rigorous and varied training: he would have studied the role in therapy of diet, drugs, and exercise; he would have learned how to check the flow of blood, apply bandages, fit splints to broken limbs, reset dislocations, and make poultices of flour, oil, and wine. It is not known for certain that Aristotle actually acquired these skills; it is known that medicine and its history were later studied in the Lyceum, Aristotle's own institute in Athens, and that later, in a snobbish vein, he considered a man sufficiently educated if he knew the theory of medicine without having gained experience practicing it.

25. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï Xenocrates, xenocrates of chalcedon Born 396 BC in Chalcedon (now Kadikoy,near Istanbul), Bithynia (now Turkey) Died 314 BC in Athens, Greece. http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=X

26. Numenius And Greek Sources Of Justin's Theology Greek Sources of Justin s Theology. xenocrates of chalcedon viii (d. 314BCE) was the second successor of Plato in his Academy after Speusippus. http://www.socinian.org/Numenius2.html

Numenius and Greek Sources of Justin's Theology Download Paper: Numenius.doc Marian Hillar Introduction Someone estimated that there have been about 23,000 Christianities. I would venture to say further that there are probably as many Christianities as there are believers claiming to be Christians. Such a statement, however, is not productive for the evaluation of evolution of a religion. It would be better if we could differentiate some general patterns in the development of a key religious doctrine. It seems that the evolution of Christianity can be analyzed in terms of four general patterns: 1. Jewish messianism with the figure of the messiah as a glorified man and the expected earthly Kingdom of God. This is the basic message of the Gospels. 2. Hellenistic Christianity in its two forms: in one the messiah figure was transformed into cosmic Greek Logos; and the other Gnostic, in which Logos is only one of many divine manifestations. 3. Trinitarian or syncretic Christianity which tends to reemphasize the unitarian character of the divinity preserving the Greek triadic speculations and incorporating especially the Egyptian triune doctrine.

27. Investors Hub - Favorite Quotes (QUOTE) Onebgg Quote; A Diffinition msg2108064 I Have Often RepentedSpeaking, But Never Of Holding My Tongue. ~ xenocrates of chalcedon. http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=388

28. History Of Mathematics: Greece Leon (fl. c. 375); Eudoxus of Cnidos (c. 400c. 347); Callipus of Cyzicus (fl. c.370); xenocrates of chalcedon (c. 396-314); Heraclides of Pontus (c. 390-c. 322); http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

Greece Cities Abdera: Democritus Alexandria : Apollonius, Aristarchus, Diophantus, Eratosthenes, Euclid , Hypatia, Hypsicles, Heron, Menelaus, Pappus, Ptolemy, Theon Amisus: Dionysodorus Antinopolis: Serenus Apameia: Posidonius Athens: Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Socrates, Theaetetus Byzantium (Constantinople): Philon, Proclus Chalcedon: Proclus, Xenocrates Chalcis: Iamblichus Chios: Hippocrates, Oenopides Clazomenae: Anaxagoras Cnidus: Eudoxus Croton: Philolaus, Pythagoras Cyrene: Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus Cyzicus: Callippus Elea: Parmenides, Zeno Elis: Hippias Gerasa: Nichmachus Larissa: Dominus Miletus: Anaximander, Anaximenes, Isidorus, Thales Nicaea: Hipparchus, Sporus, Theodosius Paros: Thymaridas Perga: Apollonius Pergamum: Apollonius Rhodes: Eudemus, Geminus, Posidonius Rome: Boethius Samos: Aristarchus, Conon, Pythagoras Smyrna: Theon Stagira: Aristotle Syene: Eratosthenes Syracuse: Archimedes Tarentum: Archytas, Pythagoras Thasos: Leodamas Tyre: Marinus, Porphyrius Mathematicians Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550)

29. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians Callipus of Cyzicus (fl. c. 370) *SB; xenocrates of chalcedon (c.396314); Heraclides of Pontus (c. 390-c. 322); Bryson of Heraclea http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

30. Sages Directory W, Wang Chung, Wang Pi, Wang T ung, Wang Yang Ming, King Wen, King Wu,. X,xenocrates of chalcedon. Y, Yang Tzu, Emperor Yao, Emperor Yu, Yogaswami. http://www.wisdomportal.com/Enlightenment/SagesDirectory.html

Sages Directory: wisdom from enlightened sages A B C D ... Z A Abu Said Albert Magnus Ammonius Saccas St. Thomas Aquinas ... Avicenna B Basho , St. Bernard, St. Benedict, Bodhidharma, Boehme, St. Bonaventure, Paul Brunton , Buddha C Chaitanya, Chang Tsai, Chao Chou , Cheng Hao, Cheng I, Chinmayananda Chou Tun-Yi Chu Hsi Chuang Tzu ... Confucius D Damascius, Anthony Damiani Dante , Dionysius the Areopagite, Dogen, Duns Scotus, Freeman Dyson E Eckhart, Einstein Emerson , Empedocles, Epictetus Euclid F al-Farabi, al-Farid, Ficino, St. Francis of Assissi, Fu Hsi G Gaudapada, al Ghazzali, Goethe, Goraknath, Govinda H Hafiz, Hakuin, Han Yu, Heraclitus, Huang-Po , Hui-Hai, Hui-Neng , Hung-Jen I Iamblichus, Ibn Arabi J Jami, Jili, Jesus Christ, John the Baptist, St. John Cruz, St. John of Patmos K Kabir, Kalidasa, Kierkegaard , Ko Hung, Krishna, J. Krishnamurti U. G. Krishnamurti L Lao Tzu, Brother Lawrence, Longinus, Lu Hsiang Shan M Macrobius, Madhva, Mahakashyapa, Maimonides, Mencius , Milarepa, Mohammed, Moses, Mu Hsiu N Nagarjuna , Nanak, Nicolas de Cusa O Ocellus Lucannus, Omar Khayam , Orpheus, Origen P Parmenides , Patanjali, St. Paul, St. Peter

31. The Mystery Of The Trinity-Part 5 339 bc), xenocrates of chalcedon (until ca. 314 bc), Polemon of Athens(until ca. 275 bc), and Crates of Athens (until ca. 168 bc). http://www.cbcg.org/mystery_trinity5.htm

Christian Biblical Church of God Plato’s Successors The Older Academy Circa 347-325 B.C. “Plato’s successors in leading the Academy (par.61) are his nephew Speusippus (until ca. 339 b.c.), Xenocrates of Chalcedon (until ca. 314 b.c.), Polemon of Athens (until ca. 275 b.c.), and Crates of Athens (until ca. 168 b.c.). Relying upon Plato’s unwritten doctrines, Speusippus develops a mathematical ontology. Its principles are the One that stands beyond being and the Many that populate the beings [i.e., philosophic Monism]” (Ricken, Philosophy of the Ancients , p. 119). Sound familiar? “There is one God, and that one God is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. They are distinct, but not separate.... Therefore, God is everything we can conceive of and more!” (Joseph W. Tkach Sr., July 27, 1993.) “The realms of being are the mathematical numbers, the mathematical shapes, the soul (World-Soul), and the perceivable bodies. They are created when the One determines and limits the Many. The One and the Many are to be seen as analogous but different principles on each level. Speusippus ordered the entire reality according to the “relation of genus and species, applying Plato’s method of collect and division (par. 96f) consistently” (Ricken, Philosophy of the Ancients

32. Wuup.de - /Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/X/Xenocrates Links. » Ancient Greek Scientists xenocrates of chalcedon Notes onhis life and mathematical achievements. » Biography.com Xenocrates http://wuup.de/index.php/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/X/Xenocrates

33. Summary Of Pythagorean Theology I: Introduction xenocrates of chalcedon (396314), a later head of Plato s Academy (339-314), exploredthe hierarchies of the Gods and other Divine Spirits, work which I have http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/BA/ETP/I.html

A Summary of Pythagorean Theology Part I: Introduction May Hermes, the God of Eloquence, stand by my side to aid me, and the Muses also and Apollo, the Leader of the Muses..., and may They grant that I utter only what the Gods approve that people should say and believe about Them. Julian (Oration IV) Contents History Theogony Triadic Structure History This document presents a summary and synthesis of the theology of Pythagoreanism, a spiritual tradition that has been practiced continuously, in one form or another, for at least twenty-six centuries. But first, a little history. (Note: I will refer to all of the following philosophers and theologians as Pythagoreans or Platonists, which is what they usually called themselves, for the terms "Neo-Pythagorean" and "Neo-Platonist" are modern inventions. This history is of necessity incomplete and superficial.) According to ancient Greek tradition, Pythagoras (572-497 BCE) studied with the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Chaldeans, Brahmans, and Zoroastrians, and was initiated into all their mysteries. He is supposed to have met with Zoroaster (Zarathustra), but, since scholars now believe that Zoroaster probably lived in the second millennium BCE, it is likely that the Greek tradition reflects a meeting between Pythagoras and Zoroastrian Magi. In any case, there are many traces of Zoroastrianism in Pythagorean doctrine. In particular, there are similarities between the central Duality of Pythagoreanism and the dual Gods of Zoroaster (Ahura-Mazda and Ahriman). However, there are also connections to

34. Aristotle: A Brief Biography left the beloved Academy behind for the city of Assos in what is today northwesternTurkey, his friend, the lethargic xenocrates of chalcedon, went with him. http://progressiveliving.org/aristotle_biography.htm

Aristotle : a Brief Biography A Progressive Living Biography " We must not listen to those who urge us to think human thoughts since we are human, and mortal thoughts since we are mortal; rather, we should as far as possible immortalize ourselves and do all we can to live by the finest element in us — for if it is small in bulk, it is far greater than anything else in power and worth." Aristotle: His Importance and Reputation Who was this ancient Greek philosopher, and why should anyone care today? Aristotle was no disembodied intellect, indifferent to the passions of life or to the problems of his time. He was a loving husband, the parent of two children, a devoted friend, and a committed teacher. Apart from such human and historical considerations, one of the best reasons to read Aristotle is for the excitement of seeing a great mind come to grips with many of the problems that have troubled people from his day to ours. Aristotle shows us vividly both how to do philosophy, and what can be expected to come of it. Of course, some of Aristotle's writing has now dated, and some of his views, such as those regarding non-Greeks, strike us as offensive today. Given the passage of some 2,500 years, this is hardly surprising. What perhaps

35. The Gateway To Educational Materials - Experimental Search xenocrates of chalcedon A biography of xenocrates of chalcedon and his work as amathematician, this resource includes links to other references and a list of http://rdfgateway.syr.edu/search?t0=keyw&q0=Philosophy

36. Chronology Project Timeline postulate a new atomic system. 339 xenocrates of chalcedon becomeshead of Plato s Academy (to 314). 337 Philip II declares war http://www.udayton.edu/~hume/timeline.htm

Chronology Project Timeline As you scroll through the timeline you will see links to articles on particular topics. In some cases there are links within the articles as well that will take you to related topics. The timeline extends from 9000 BCE (Before the Common Era) to 2000 CE (Common Era). The general timeline is an ongoing project of Dr. Hume’s, so please report all mistakes and make suggestions for topics I missed by writing to hume@udayton.edu 9000 BCE – 1000 BCE The Agricultural Revolution The Old Kingdom in Egypt Astronomical Observations begin; 365 Day Calendar instituted (2772); Great Pyramids are built Astronomical Observations begin in Babylonia China and India Hyksos rule of Egypt and the Middle Kingdom (to 1700) First Libraries established in Egypt China Hsai Dynasty ( Lunar Year of 360 days changed to variable sun/moon calendar; Equinoxes and Solstices determined Decline of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt , civil war Greeks begin to settle along the Mediterranean Minoan Civilization on Crete Decimal system used Babylonia Hammurabi's Code (Includes medical practices and fees) Signs of the Zodiac developed India Engineers build dams for irrigation India develops theory of the Four Elements (Fire, Air, Water, Earth)

37. Glossary Of Meditations, By Marcus Aurelius 169 AD. Vespasian, 9th Roman Emperor xenocrates of chalcedon, 396314BC, a philosopher, and president of the Academy. I am your http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_aurelius_glossary.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Ancient / Classical History Home ... Trojan War Hero Achilles - Troy zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Atlas and Places - Where? Ancient Greece - Greek Ancient Rome - Romans ANE Egypt Persia Israel... ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Ancient / Classical History newsletter. Search Ancient / Classical History Marcus Aurelius Meditations Glossary More of This Feature INTRODUCTION FIRST BOOK SECOND BOOK THIRD BOOK ... GLOSSARY Related Resources Meditations - Contents Marcus Aurelius Links Ancient History Glossary Books to Buy This Glossary includes all proper names (excepting a few which are insignificant or unknown) and all obsolete or obscure words. ADRIANUS, or Hadrian (76-138 A. D.), i4th Roman Emperor. Agrippa, M. Vipsanius (63-12 B.C.), a distinguished soldier under Augustus. Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia, and Conqueror of the East, 356-323 B.C. Antisthenes of Athens, founder of the sect of Cynic philosophers, and an opponent of Plato, 5th century B.C Antoninus Pius, 15th Roman Emperor, 138-161 AD. one of the best princes that ever mounted a throne.

38. ClementAlex effrontery). xenocrates of chalcedon indicates that the planets are sevengods, and that the universe. composed of all these, is an eighth. http://www2.roanoke.edu/religion/Maclean/RELG210/ClementAlex.html

Clement of Alexandria, Exhortation the Greeks V-VI Chapter V.-The Opinions of the Philosophers Respecting God. This was also the case with Heraclitus and his followers, who worshipped fire as the first cause; for this fire others named Hephaestus. The Persian Magi, too, and many of the inhabitants of Asia, worshipped fire; and besides them, the Macedonians, as Diogenes relates in the first book of his Persica. Why specify the Sauromatae, who are said by Nymphodorus, in his Barbaric Customs, to pay sacred honours to fire? or the Persians, or the Medes, or the Magi? These, Dino tells us, sacrifice beneath the open sky, regarding fire and water as the only images of the gods. Nor have I failed to reveal their ignorance; for, however much they think to keep clear of error in one form, they slide into it in another. Chapter VI.-By Divine Inspiration Philosophers Sometimes Hit on the Truth. Why so? by Himself, I beseech you! For He can by no means be expressed. Well done, Plato! Thou hast touched on the truth. But do not flag. Undertake with me the inquiry respecting the Good. For into all men whatever, especially those who are occupied with intellectual pursuits, a certain divine effluence has been instilled; wherefore, though reluctantly, they confess that God is one, indestructible, unbegotten, and that somewhere above in the tracts of heaven, in His own peculiar appropriate eminence, whence He surveys all things, He has an existence true and eternal. "Tell me what I am to conceive God to be

39. ÅÐÉÓÔÇÌÅÓ ÓÔÇÍ ÁÑ×ÁÉÁ ÅÐÏ×Ç xenocrates of chalcedon. xenocrates of chalcedon. xenocrates of chalcedon.xenocrates of chalcedon. xenocrates of chalcedon. xenocrates of chalcedon. http://www.oncology.gr/1/epistimesarchaia4.HTM

Ptolemy Ptolemy Ptolemy Ptolemy’s Table of Chords Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos ... The Theorem of Pythagoras Socrates Socrates Socrates Socrates Socrates ... Socrates Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus ... Thales of Miletus Theon of Alexandria Theon of Alexandria Thucydides Thucydides Thucydides Thucydides Thucydides ... Thucydides-The History of Peloponnesian War Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenocrates of Chalcedon ... Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenophanes of Colophon Xenophanes of Colophon Xenophanes of Colophon Xenophanes of Colophon Xenophanes of Colophon ... Xenophanes of Colophon-Fragments and Commentary Xenophon Xenophon Xenophon Xenophon Xenophon Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea ... Zeno of Elea

40. The Heirs Of Plato: A Study Of The Old Academy (347-274 BC) :: Ephilosopher :: P s immediate successors to the headship of the Academy, namely his nephew Speusippusof Athens (head 347339 BC Chapter Two), xenocrates of chalcedon (339-314 http://www.ephilosopher.com/article781.html

@import url("themes/PostNukeBlue2/style/style.css"); E P H I L O S O P H E R Jun 01, 2004 - 10:23 PM Hey You! Want to join? or Login Search advanced web Main Menu Site Map Home QuickLinks Student Help Grad School Department Rankings Academic Jobs ... Philosophy Blogs Community Submissions Philosophy Forums Members List Suggested Books ... Top 10 Lists Archives 2000-4 Archives Special Sections Interviews Articles Columns EP Newsletter You are currently not logged in , but you can still subscribe to our newsletter. Blog Headlines More Philosophers on the Move: George Bealer, Michael Strevens Accept Offers Philosopher Siegel turns down Arizona Hiatus Crying over non-actual spilt milk ... At i, A is not F Quotables Even if there is only one possible unified theory, it is just a set of rules and equations. What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe? The usual approach of science of constructing a mathematical model cannot answer the questions of why there should be a universe for the model to describe. Why does the universe go to all the bother of existing? - A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking The Heirs of Plato: A Study of the Old Academy (347-274 BC) Posted by: Adimantis on Friday, April 02, 2004 - 08:31 AM

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