1. Alan Turing Alan Turing. Alan Turing (19121954) never described himself as a philosopher, but his 1950 paper "Computing role or department of thought, Alan Turing continued a life full of http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change JUN Alan Turing Alan Turing (1912-1954) never described himself as a philosopher, but his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is one of the most frequently cited in modern philosophical literature. It gave a fresh approach to the traditional mind-body problem, by relating it to the mathematical concept of computability he himself had introduced in his 1936-7 paper "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungproblem." His work can be regarded as the foundation of computer science and of the artificial intelligence program. 1. Outline of Life 2. The Turing Machine and Computability 3. The Logical and the Physical 4. The Uncomputable ... Related Entries 1. Outline of Life Alan Turing's short and extraordinary life has attracted wide interest. It has inspired his mother's memoir (E. S. Turing 1959), a detailed biography (Hodges 1983), a play and television film (Whitemore 1986), and various other works of fiction and art. There are many reasons for this interest, but one is that in every sphere of his life and work he made unexpected connections between apparently unrelated areas. His central contribution to science and philosophy came through his treating the subject of symbolic logic as a new branch of applied mathematics, giving it a physical and engineering content. Unwilling or unable to remain within any standard role or department of thought, Alan Turing continued a life full of incongruity. Though a shy, boyish, man, he had a pivotal role in world history through his role in Second World War cryptology. Though the founder of the dominant technology of the twentieth century, he variously impressed, charmed or disturbed people with his unworldly innocence and his dislike of moral or intellectual compromise.

2. Alan Mathison Turing Alan Turing. by. John M. Kowalik. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CS 3604, Professionalism in Computing, Fall 1995. foresight made him one of the first to step into the http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.html

Alan Turing by John M. Kowalik Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CS 3604, Professionalism in Computing, Fall 1995. Born 23 June 1912, London; Died 7 June 1954, Manchester England; Pioneer in developing computer logic as we know it today. One of the first to approach the topic of artificial intelligence. Education: Sherborne School, 1926-31; Wrangler, Mathematics Tripos, Kings College, Cambridge,1931; Ph.D., Princeton University, 1938 Professional Experience: Fellow, King's College, 1935-45;Princeton University, 1936-38; British Foreign Office, Bletchley Park, 1939-45; National Physical Laboratory, 1945-48; University of Manchester, 1948-54; Honors and Awards: Smith's Prize, Cambridge University, 1936; Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1946; Fellow, Royal Society, 1951. Alan Mathison Turing was one of the great pioneers of the computer field. He inspired the now common terms of "The Turing Machine" and "Turing's Test." As a mathematician he applied the concept of the algorithm to digital computers. His research into the relationships between machines and nature created the field of artificial intelligence. His intelligence and foresight made him one of the first to step into the information age. Alan Turing was born in London on June 23, 1912. As soon as he began attending school, his aptitude for the sciences began to emerge. When it came to the more 'right brain' topics of English and history however, his attention waned. His instructors attempted to get Alan to study other disciplines, but he would respond to mathematics and science. He retained this trait throughout his education.

3. Alan Turing According to Alan Turing, language skills and common sense are the essence of intelligence What did computer pioneer Alan Turing do in the woods to guard against wartime inflation http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/people/alan_turing

Search: Wired News Animations Wired Magazine HotBot (the Web) - Aug 1997 5.08: Idées Fortes Alan Turing, of course, turned the original question into a celebrated test of computing machinery and intelligence. RELATED READING Search for books on Web Sites Created by his biographer Andrew Hodge, the Alan Turing homepage includes extensive biographical information and an Internet scrapbook about the inventor of the Turing machine and the founder of computer science. Do you want to learn how to develop your own Turing machine? Click here ml Other Stories - Nov 1998 Wired 6.11: The Wired 25 ) So, in the early 1980s, he painstakingly rewrote Alan Turing's original definitions of computing in order to clearly base them in the realm of quantum mechanics. - Jan 1997 Happy Birthday, Hal The HAL 9000 computer - an artificial intelligence that could think, talk, see, feel, and occasionally go berserk - was supposed to be operational in January 1997. Has anyone seen HAL? According to Alan Turing, language skills and common sense are the essence of intelligence. - Mar 1996 4.03: Street Cred

4. Alan Turing Alan Turing. (English version here) In 1944 was Alan Turing ongeveer de enige met de volgende 3 ideeën z n eigen concept van de universele Turing machine. http://users.compaqnet.be/stijn-heymans/Turing/AlanTuringnl.html

Alan Turing English version here Alan M. Turing (1912-1954) Alan Mathison Turing zag het levenslicht op 23 juni 1912 in Paddington bij Londen. Doordat zijn vader tot zijn pensioen in 1926 in India, toen nog Brits, werkte, groeide hij en z'n iets oudere broer voornamelijk in Engelse tehuizen op, waar expressie, originaliteit en creativiteit, niet echt aangemoedigd werden (wetenschappen was dus zeker uit den boze). Turing interesseerde zich echter wél voor de exacte vakken en amuseerde zich toen al met chemische experimentjes. Van 1926 tot 1931 zat hij op een Engelse public school : Sherborne School, waar hij systematisch slechte punten haalde. Enkel voor wiskunde en andere wetenschapsvakken ging het beter, al waren de leerkrachten ook daar niet echt over te spreken (« His work is dirty »). Hij werd meer als een probleem voor de maatschappij beschouwd dan een toegevoegde waarde en ook in zijn verdere leven kreeg hij niet de waardering die hij verdiende. In 1931 sleept hij een studiebeurs in de wacht voor King's College, Cambridge. Van dan komt Turings carrière in een stroomversnelling. In 1935 krijgt hij een ambt aan King's College. In 1936 krijgt hij de Smith's Price voor zijn werk in de kanstheorie. Hij lijkt af te stevenen op een succesvolle loopbaan als zuiver wiskundige. Z'n unieke geest drijft hem echter in een andere richting. In 1933 had Turing kennis gemaakt met Russel en Whitehead's "Principia Mathematica" en daarmee met het gebied van de wiskundige logica. Bertrand Russel was van mening dat alles wat wiskundig waar is men logisch kan afleiden met behulp van een welomlijnde verzameling afleidingsregels. Maar er waren sinds dan veel vragen gerezen over hoe waarheid door om 't even welk formalisme gevat kon worden. In het bijzonder had Gödel in 1931 Russel's standpunt ontkracht door te tonen dat de wiskunde niet compleet is : er zijn ware stellingen over getallen die niet kunnen bewezen worden door de formele toepassing van deductieregels.

5. Turing Alan Mathison Turing. Born 23 June 1912 in London, England Died 7 June 1954 in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England. Alan Turing was born at Paddington, London. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html

Alan Mathison Turing Born: 23 June 1912 in London, England Died: 7 June 1954 in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Alan Turing was born at Paddington, London. His father, Julius Mathison Turing, was a British member of the Indian Civil Service and he was often abroad. Alan's mother, Ethel Sara Stoney, was the daughter of the chief engineer of the Madras railways and Alan's parents had met and married in India. When Alan was about one year old his mother rejoined her husband in India, leaving Alan in England with friends of the family. Alan was sent to school but did not seem to be obtaining any benefit so he was removed from the school after a few months. Next he was sent to Hazlehurst Preparatory School where he seemed to be an 'average to good' pupil in most subjects but was greatly taken up with following his own ideas. He became interested in chess while at this school and he also joined the debating society. He completed his Common Entrance Examination in 1926 and then went to Sherborne School. Now 1926 was the year of the general strike and when the strike was in progress Turing cycled 60 miles to the school from his home, not too demanding a task for Turing who later was to become a fine athlete of almost Olympic standard. He found it very difficult to fit into what was expected at this public school, yet his mother had been so determined that he should have a public school education. Many of the most original thinkers have found conventional schooling an almost incomprehensible process and this seems to have been the case for Turing. His genius drove him in his own directions rather than those required by his teachers.

6. Alan Turing - Wikipedia Kurzer Lebenslauf von Wikipedia. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Alan Turing aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Alan Mathison Turing 23. Juni 7. Juni in Wilmslow) war ein britischer Mathematiker und einer der Urväter des Computers Er ist bekannt für die Turingmaschine (ein mathematisches Konstrukt), die er in seinem Aufsatz On Computable Numbers beschreibt. Sie ist eines der wichtigsten Konzepte der theoretischen Informatik Turing war im Zweiten Weltkrieg maßgeblich an der Entschlüsselung der deutschen Funksprüche beteiligt, die mit der Enigma verschlüsselt wurden. beginnt er seine Arbeit in Bletchley Park , dem damaligen Zentrum für Kryptoanalyse in Großbritannien. Er erzielt, aufbauend auf den Arbeiten von Marian Rejewski , große Erfolge. verbessert er zusammen mit William Gordon Welchman die in Polen entwickelten elektromechanischen Entschlüsselungsgeräte (sog. "Bomben"). arbeitet er an der ACE (Automatic Computing Engine). Ab leitet er die mathematischen Arbeiten für den Bau der britischen Rechneranlage MADM Mk I (Manchester Automatic Digital Machine Mark I Turing gilt heute als einer der einflussreichsten Theoretiker der Berechenbarkeitstheorie und der frühen Computerentwicklung, ein Großteil seiner Arbeiten blieben nach Kriegsende jedoch unter Verschluss.

7. Alan Turing From FOLDOC Biographical entry in the FOLDOC. http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Alan Turing

8. Turing Alan Mathison From FOLDOC turing alan Mathison. biography, history of philosophy English mathematician (19121954). Extrapolating from the mathematical discoveries http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Turing Alan Mathison

9. Alan Turing - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Encyclopedia biography from Wikipedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Alan Turing Categories Cryptography Mathematicians From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing June 23 June 7 ) was a British mathematician and cryptographer , and is considered to be one of the fathers of modern computer science . He provided an influential formalisation of the concept of algorithm and computation: the Turing machine . He formulated the now widely accepted 'Turing' version of the Church-Turing thesis , namely that any practical computing model has either the equivalent or a subset of the capabilities of a Turing machine. During World War II he was the director of the Naval Enigma Hut at Bletchley Park for some time and remained throughout the War the chief cryptanalyst for the Naval Enigma effort. After the war, he designed one of the earliest electronic programmable digital computers at the National Physical Laboratory and, shortly thereafter, actually built another early machine at the University of Manchester . He also, amongst many other things, made significant and characteristically provocative contributions to the discussion " Can machines think Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide")

10. Turing Alan Mathison Translate this page turing alan Mathison, 16-04-2001. np. h. PERS (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien britannique, qui http://www.ordiworld.com/jargon/T/Turing_Alan_Mathison.html

Turing Alan Mathison np. h. PERS ] (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien britannique, qui fut l'un des fondateurs de l'informatique moderne, avec Von Neumann John et Wiener Norbert . La Machine de Turing est la machine contenant toutes les possibilités de transformation de toutes les autres machines. C'est grâce à Turing que les alliés ont percé le secret d'Enigma, le système de chiffrement des Allemands. Au lieu de devenir un héros, il fut accusé d'avoir des relations homosexuelles (ce qui fut un crime jusqu'à la fin des années 60 en Angleterre). On le força alors à se faire traiter par des hormones féminines, et quand il commença à avoir de la poitrine, il enduisit une pomme d'arsenic pour se suicider. http://www.turing.org.uk/ Articles liés à celui-ci : Church Alonzo Colossus test de Turing Von Neumann John ... Wiener Norbert Articles voisins : tunelling tuner tuning tuple ... tuyau

11. [JargonF] Turing Alan Mathison Translate this page turing alan Mathison. np. h. personne (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien britannique, qui fut http://www.linux-france.org/prj/jargonf/T/Turing_Alan_Mathison.html

Turing Alan Mathison np. h. personne ] (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien britannique, qui fut l'un des fondateurs de l'informatique moderne, avec Von Neumann John et Wiener Norbert . La Machine de Turing est la machine contenant toutes les possibilités de transformation de toutes les autres machines. C'est grâce à Turing que les alliés ont percé le secret d'Enigma, le système de chiffrement des Allemands. Au lieu de devenir un héros, il fut accusé d'avoir des relations homosexuelles (ce qui fut un crime jusqu'à la fin des années 60 en Angleterre). On le força alors à se faire traiter par des hormones féminines, et quand il commença à avoir de la poitrine, il enduisit une pomme d'arsenic pour se suicider. http://www.turing.org.uk/ Articles liés à celui-ci : Church Alonzo Colossus test de Turing thèse de Church-Turing ... Wiener Norbert Articles voisins : tuner tuning tunneling tuple ... Courrier

12. Alan Turing - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Alan Turing. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Enlarge Alan Turing. Alan Mathison Turing (June 23, 1912 June 7, 1954 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Alan Turing Categories Cryptography Mathematicians From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing June 23 June 7 ) was a British mathematician and cryptographer , and is considered to be one of the fathers of modern computer science . He provided an influential formalisation of the concept of algorithm and computation: the Turing machine . He formulated the now widely accepted 'Turing' version of the Church-Turing thesis , namely that any practical computing model has either the equivalent or a subset of the capabilities of a Turing machine. During World War II he was the director of the Naval Enigma Hut at Bletchley Park for some time and remained throughout the War the chief cryptanalyst for the Naval Enigma effort. After the war, he designed one of the earliest electronic programmable digital computers at the National Physical Laboratory and, shortly thereafter, actually built another early machine at the University of Manchester . He also, amongst many other things, made significant and characteristically provocative contributions to the discussion " Can machines think Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide")

13. Alan Turing Alan Turing. The account below relies on the book Alan Turing the Enigma (1983) by Andrew Hodges who maintains the Alan Turing home page. http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/20thCenturyAD/Turing.html

Alan Turing The account below relies on the book "Alan Turing: the Enigma" (1983) by Andrew Hodges who maintains the Alan Turing home page Alan Mathison Turing was born June 23, 1912 in a nursing home in Paddington, London to Julius Mathison and Ethel Sara Turing. His father Julius, an officer in the British administration in India , decided that his son would be raised in England. Alan Turing and his older brother John had a childhood ridigly determined by the demands of the class and the exile in India of his parents. Alan and his brother were shuffled amongst various English foster homes as children until their father retired from India in 1926. Alan was niether encouraged nor supported in the foster homes and through his own pursuits found a deep underlying passion for science, first in chemistry experiments. As Alan became more enticed with science his mother worried that he would not be accepted into Sherbourne,the English Public School. However, in 1926 Alan was granted admission into Sherbourne and his mother's fears were dissolved for a short while. Soon after his admission the Headmaster soon reported :"If he is to be solely a scientific specialist, he is wasting his time at a public school." In hindsight, we might say this Headmaster's assessment was almost correct. Many other teachers also made similar remarks In 1928, Turing began to study relativity. It was at this time, on the sixth form that Alan met

14. Alan Mathison Turing turing alan MATHISON. Britain 19351954 Bamford,J. Body of Secrets. The names below are mentioned on the listed pages with the name turing alan MATHISON. http://www.namebase.org/main1/Alan-Mathison-Turing.html

TURING ALAN MATHISON Britain 1935-1954 Bamford,J. Body of Secrets. 2001 Bird,K. The Color of Truth. 1998 Brand,S. The Media Lab. 1987 Brockman,J. Digerati. 1996 ... Wright,P. Spycatcher. 1987 pages cited this search: 20 Order hard copy of these pages Show a social network diagram for this name The names below are mentioned on the listed pages with the name TURING ALAN MATHISON Click on a name for a new proximity search: ALEXANDER HUGH ODONEL Wright,P. Spycatcher. 1987 BIJUR BILL Bird,K. The Color of Truth. 1998 ... Brand,S. The Media Lab. 1987 TURING ALAN MATHISON pages searched: 19 These names share the indicated number of pages with the above name. Click on a name below for a standard name search: FEIGENBAUM EDWARD A FRIENDLY ALFRED LANIER JARON MILNER-BARRY PHILIP STUART ... Back to home page

15. Alan Turing From FOLDOC Alan Turing. person Alan M. Turing, 191206-22/3? - 1954-06-07. A British mathematician, inventor of the Turing Machine. Turing also proposed the Turing test. http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Alan Turing

16. OUP USA The Essential Turing Alan Turing . Alan Turing was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century....... The Essential turing alan Turing This book is for anyone Price $13.95. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Philosophy/Science/?ci=0198250800&

17. OUP USA The Essential Turing Alan Turing . Alan Turing was one of the most important and influential thinkers of the 20th century....... The Essential turing alan Turing This book is for anyone http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Philosophy/Science/?ci=0198250797&

18. Computing Machinery And Intelligence - A.m. Turing, 1950 The classic 1950 article by alan turing on machine intelligence, where he introduces the famous turing test. http://www.abelard.org/turpap/turpap.htm

[VOL. LIX. No.236.] [October, 1950] MIND A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY Computing machinery and intelligence - A. M. Turing site map Index 1 The Imitation Game 2 Critique of the New Problem 3 The Machine concerned in the Game 4 Digital Computers ... Foot notes 1 - COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE BY A.M.TURING 1 The Imitation Game I PROPOSE to consider the question, 'Can machines think?' This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms 'machine 'and 'think'. The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous. If the meaning of the words 'machine' and 'think 'are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, 'Can machines think?' is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described' in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game'. It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart from the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either 'X is A and Y is B' or 'X is B and Y is A'. The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B thus:

19. Turing Digital Archive turing, alan Mathison (19121954) FRS OBE. This digital archive contains mainly unpublished personal papers and photographs of alan turing from 1923-1972. http://www.turingarchive.org/

The Turing Digital Archive Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954) FRS OBE Photo from the 1930s. Item K/7/9 This digital archive contains mainly unpublished personal papers and photographs of Alan Turing from 1923-1972. The originals are in the Turing archive in King's College Cambridge. It contains letters, obituaries and memoirs written by colleagues and used by Sara Turing for her biography of her son (Heffers: Cambridge, 1959); talks and publications on the Automatic Computing Engine, his work at the National Physical Laboratory, the theories of computable numbers, digital computers, morphogenesis and the chemical development of cells. You must read and agree to the before you can view the contents of the archive. Introduction Browse Search Index Sponsors:

20. AlanTuring.net Archive and historical records pertaining to the work of computing pioneer alan turing. http://www.alanturing.net/

AlanTuring.net The Turing Archive for the History of Computing Largest web collection of digital facsimiles of original documents by Turing and other pioneers of computing. Plus articles about Turing and his work, including Artificial Intelligence. NEW Recently declassified previously top-secret documents about codebreaking. The Turing Archive for the History of Computing is now hosted in two locations FOR FASTEST ACCESS TIMES click the location closest to you The Turing Archive for the History of Computing is hosted by University of Canterbury in New Zealand University of San Francisco in the United States. Site maintained by Jack Copeland

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