61. Ptolemy --  Encyclopædia Britannica Visit Britannica Store, Encyclopædia Britannica, ptolemy EncyclopædiaBritannica Article. Virtually nothing is known about ptolemy s . http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=63344

62. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt, fifth in the Dinasty. 210181 BCE. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_5.htm

63. Ptolemy --  Encyclopædia Britannica ptolemy Encyclopædia Britannica Article. universe now known as thePtolemaic system. Virtually nothing is known about ptolemy s . http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=63344&tocid=0&query=ptolemy

64. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt that endured attacks from the country neighbors. He lived at the start of the internal conflicts that broke the Ptolemaic dynasty. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_6.htm

65. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient One of the last kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty.. He got aid from the Romans in order to control his country. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_11.htm

66. Astrology - Ptolemy: ET Connection To Orion And Sirius Astrology ptolemy ET Connection to Orion and Sirius. The Time of ptolemy. ptolemyworked from the data of past astrologers to map over one thousand stars. http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptastrology.html

Astrology - Ptolemy: ET Connection to Orion and Sirius Astrology goes back to the times of the Sumerians, who settled in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC. This marks the first example of a people who worshipped the sun, moon, and Venus. They considered these heavenly bodies gods, or the homes of gods. The priests of the time who communicated with the gods were the first rulers. There were High Priests and lesser priests - much like the way things were in Atlantis. They carried the teachings with them from one civilization to another. The Time of Ptolemy Ptolemy worked from the data of past astrologers to map over one thousand stars. He compiled a list of 48 constellations, and, for the most part, described the longitude and latitude lines of the earth. He was a believer that the earth was the center of the universe and worked to advance this theory. His effort in this area was in his thirteen volume work called the Almagest The Ptolemaic system is explained why some planets seemed to move backwards for periods of time in their orbit around earth. He theorized that each planet also revolved in a smaller circle as well as a larger one. This was called the "epicycle." This theory would survive for 1400 years, until it was finally accepted that the earth was itself another planet in orbit around the sun. The first book defined Ptolemy's reasoning for practicing astrology as well as astronomy, for by this time, there were many who opposed astrology. He said that it should not be abandoned merely because there are a few people who abuse it. This book also deals with the various alignments of planets, the moon, and the sun. Ptolemy describes in detail which positions are favorable and which are not. He also explained the signs, when they begin, and why they begin there.

67. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt that is most known for his attempt to remove his sister Cleopatra from her position. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_12.htm

68. Fragments Of Ptolemy Fragments of ptolemy on Early Christian Writings the New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics,and Church Fathers information and translations of Gospels, Epistles http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/ptolemy.html

Fragments of Ptolemy Online Text for Ptolemy Ptolemy's Commentary on the Prologue of John Ptolemy's Letter to Flora Online Resources for Ptolemy Catholic Encyclopedia: Ptolemy the Gnostic Information on Ptolemy In the preface to his work, Irenaeus states: "I intend, then, to the best of my ability, with brevity and clearness to set forth the opinions of those who are now promulgating heresy. I refer especially to the disciples of Ptolemaeus, whose school may be described as a bud from that of Valentinus." Here is Irenaeus in Against Heresies Irenaeus also refers to the views of Ptolemy in Against Heresies Go to the Early Christian Writings: New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, Church Fathers homepage. Please support this web site by buying the CD with over 250 MB of information and texts! For convenience, a copy of the table of contents is provided here. Passion Narrative Lost Sayings Gospel Q 1 Thessalonians Philippians ... kirby@earthlink.net Web development by 76 Web Design: Orange County Web Design Hosting provided by Cheap Domain Name Hosting

69. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt. He is sometimes presented as ptolemy 8 since there was a brief period where his nephew was king. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_7.htm

70. About Ptolemy ptolemy Project Logo. ptolemy Project. Coat of Arms Office of International Surgery. About ptolemy. http://www.utoronto.ca/ois/myweb9/about_ptolemy.htm

Ptolemy Project Home About Us EASI Delphi Ptolemy Project ... Contact Us About Ptolemy Introduction to the Ptolemy Project Project Outcomes Research Methodology How Does my.access work? ... Introduction to the University of Toronto Library Introduction to the Ptolemy Project In order to improve the health of people in the developing world, it is important that researchers there have access to the peer-reviewed medical literature originating in the developed world, as well as to the journals and texts originating all over the developing world. The University of Toronto Library is one of the most sophisticated electronic resources for health information on earth. With the addition of Bioline, a resource that makes full-text articles of certain medical journals form the developing world available, the University of Toronto is exceptionally well-positioned to build health research capacity around the world. The Ptolemy library will designate a number of medical researchers and clinicians in the developing world as research affiliates of the University of Toronto. Participants will be provided with my.access accounts that allow full access to the Library's electronic resources. The University of Toronto Library is the 3rd largest research library in North America. Participants need to be aware that we will monitor all "hits" made through the proxy server in order to collect data about the frequency of visits to various resources and thus deduce the relative interest of different types of resources to our participants.

71. Ptolemy Project ptolemy Project Logo. ptolemy Project. Coat of Arms Office of InternationalSurgery. Welcome to the ptolemy Project web pages. Please http://www.utoronto.ca/ois/myweb9/

Ptolemy Project Home About Us EASI Delphi Ptolemy Project ... Contact Us Welcome to the Ptolemy Project web pages. Please be aware that some of the links on the Ptolemy pages are restricted to Ptolemy participants and the University of Toronto Library users. Ptolemy Participants, please begin your electronic health searching here. If you are aware of resources/websites that should be added to the Ptolemy Library, please contact us and let us know. About Ptolemy Ptolemy History Sign Up! ... Ptolemy Library This page was last updated: Tuesday August 12, 2003 © 2003 Office of International Surgery

72. World Almanac For Kids ptolemy (about ad 100–70), astronomer and mathematician, whose synthesis of thegeocentric theory—that the earth is the center of the universe—dominated http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/space/ptolemy.html

EXPLORE ANIMALS ENVIRONMENT HISTORICAL BIRTHDAYS ... home PTOLEMY (about ad The Almagest. top al-Majisti (Great Work). In Europe, medieval Latin translations reproduced the title as Almagesti, and it has since become known simply as the Almagest. In this work, Ptolemy proposed a geometric theory to account mathematically for the apparent motions and positions of the planets, sun , and moon against the background of fixed stars. He began by accepting the generally held theory that the earth did not move but was at the center of the system. The planets and stars, moving eternally, were considered (for philosophical reasons) to move in perfectly circular orbits. He then elaborated on the theory in an attempt to account for such astronomical puzzles as the periodically retrograde (backward) motions of the planets and periodic variations in size or brightness of the moon and planets. Copernicus retained an elaborate system of epicycles. Other Works. top Ptolemy also contributed substantially to mathematics by advancing the study of trigonometry, and he applied his theories to the construction of astrolabes and sundials. In his Tetrabiblos

73. Ptolemy Ptolémée Ptolemaeus - Iconography Of His Portrait - Iconographie Translate this page Cette page sera affichée dans les navigateurs non-cadres. Sélectionnez cemode afin de personnaliser la page pour les navigateurs incompatibles. http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r14310/Ptolemy/

74. Ptolemy Biography ptolemy. In the later sources. Claudius suggests he held Roman citizenship, ptolemy that he was of Greek descent and lived in Egypt. http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ptolemy.html

Links Personalities Tour (Next) Previous Ptolemy Tour (Next) Ptolemy Pages Ptolemy Astrology Calendar Reform Cosmology ... Sundials General Pages Home Index Ptolemy In the Syntaxis (or Almagest ), Ptolemy (second century A.D.) synthesised mathematical astronomy into a coherent whole which rendered his predecessors obsolete and would dominate Western and Islamic thought until the sixteenth century. He also wrote works on astrology, geography, optics and music. Large image (123K). Very Large image (1.2M). Nothing reliable is known of Claudius Ptolemy's life that cannot be deduced from his surviving works; only a few brief and unsupported biographical statements are made by much later sources. 'Claudius' suggests he held Roman citizenship, 'Ptolemy' that he was of Greek descent and lived in Egypt. The astronomical observations that he listed as having himself made cover the period 127-141 AD, from which it may be inferred that he was active in the first and into the second half of the second century AD, and all of those observations are listed as made in Alexandria, so it is likely that he lived in or near that city, still a great centre of learning at that time. In the Middle Ages, before the twelfth century, when his work was being discovered and studied in detail by Islamic scholars, little more than his name was remembered in the Latin West; as early as the Encyclopedia of Isidore of Seville (c.600 AD) he was confused with the dynasty of Ptolemies who had ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great, and from that sprang an iconographic tradition, lasting a thousand years, in which Ptolemy was regularly represented wearing a crown.

75. Ptolemy And The Armillary Sphere ptolemy and the Armillary Sphere. GJ.Toomer ptolemy , pp.186206 in TheDictionary of Scientific Biography, New York 1970. Full Bibliography. http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ptolarmill.html

Links Armillary Sphere Tour (Next) Previous Armillary Sphere Pages The Armillary Sphere Demonstrational Armillary Spheres Observational Armillary Sphere Mathematical Techniques: The Celestial Sphere ... Previous Ptolemy Pages Ptolemy Astrology Calendar Reform Cosmology ... Index Ptolemy and the Armillary Sphere Large image (105K) Very Large image (1.1M) The armillary sphere , or spherical astrolabe, was the most complex of the instruments that Ptolemy described in the Syntaxis , comprising seven interlocking, graduated rings, representing the fundamental circles of the heavens, that swivelled around various axes within a skeletal sphere. It was designed to permit direct reading of the position of a celestial body in convenient co-ordinates. As demonstration instruments, used in teaching the concepts of astronomy, armillary spheres endured long after the Middle Ages and survived the overthrow of the Ptolemaic system itself. As practical instruments, at least as described by Ptolemy, their use was limited; for accurate results a very skilled observer was required to align all the rings correctly before making an observation. Recommended Reading M.Hoskin (ed.)

76. Adventures In CyberSound: Ptolemaeus - Claudius (Ptolemy) ADVENTURES in CYBERSOUND. Claudius Ptolemaeus ptolemy 90-168 AD.ptolemy Latin in full Claudius Ptolemaeus (fl. AD 127-145, Alexandria http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/PTOLEMY_BIO.html

A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D Claudius Ptolemaeus - 'Ptolemy' : 90-168 AD Ptolemy Latin in full Claudius Ptolemaeus (fl. AD 127-145, Alexandria), ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who considered the Earth the centre of the universe (the "Ptolemaic system"). Virtually nothing is known about his life. Astronomical work His astronomical work was enshrined in his great book He mathematike syntaxis ("The Mathematical Collection"), which eventually became known as Ho megas astronomos ("The Great Astronomer"). During the 9th century, however, Arab astronomers used the Greek superlative Megiste to refer to the book. When the definite article al was prefixed to the term, its title then became known as the Almagest , the name still used today. The Almagest is divided into 13 books, each of which deals with certain astronomical concepts pertaining to stars and to objects in the solar system (the Earth and all other celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun). It was, no doubt, the encyclopaedic nature of the work that made the Almagest so useful to later astronomers and that gave the views contained in it so profound an influence.

77. Rosetta - Ptolemy Home Page http://ptolemy.open.ac.uk/frames.htm

78. Ptolemy I encyclopediaEncyclopedia ptolemy I, tol umE sO tur Pronunciation Key.ptolemy Related content from HighBeam Research on ptolemy I. ptolemy http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE042512.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Ptolemy I u m E s O u r] Pronunciation Key Ptolemy I (Ptolemy Soter), d. B.C. , king of ancient Egypt, the first ruler of the Macedonian dynasty (or Lagid dynasty), son of a Macedonian named Lagus. He was one of the leading generals of Alexander the Great, and after Alexander's death (323 B.C. ) he joined the other Diadochi in dividing and quarreling over the empire. Ptolemy received Egypt and managed to keep control of it in the midst of incessant warfare. To strengthen his position he married Eurydice, daughter of Antipater (though he soon shifted his affection to her niece and his own half sister, Berenice ). He defeated (321) Perdiccas , and he at first supported Antigonus I in the confused struggle for imperial power. He defeated Eumenes , then fearing Antigonus' efforts to remake the empire, allied himself with Cassander and Lysimachus . Ptolemy defeated the troops of Antigonus in 312 but he was defeated at Salamis in 306, and the ultimate defeat and death of Antigonus at Ipsus in 301 resolved the situation. Ptolemy had already declared himself king in 305. Subsequently he laid the outline for Ptolemaic administration in Egypt and did much to make Alexandria a fountainhead of culture and art by founding the library there. Through Arrian, we know that he wrote a history of Alexander.

79. Ptolemy ptolemy (100 170 AD). ptolemy wrote a valuable history of previousobservations called the Almagest . He performed many experiments http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/ptolemy.htm

Ptolemy (100 - 170 A.D.) Ptolemy wrote a valuable history of previous observations called the "Almagest". He performed many experiments on optics and realized that starlight is refracted in the Earth's atmosphere. However, his system of planetary motions was a major blunder, and unfortunately, it was adopted for nearly 1400 years. Ptolemaic view The Earth is round, stationary and very small relative to the celestial sphere of the sky. The stars are fixed points of light inside the celestial sphere. Day and night result from the rotation of the entire celestial system around the fixed, nonrotating Earth. The planets moved on small circular paths, called epicycles . The centers of these epicycles move around the earth of other circular paths, called deferents . The combination of the planetary motions along the epicycles and deferents produces the observed wandering of the planets among the stars, including the retrograde motion

80. Ptolemy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia ptolemy. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ptolemy was Egypt. ptolemywas the author of two important scientific treatises. One http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy

Ptolemy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ptolemy was a title taken by each of the rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty , of Macedonian origin, that ruled Egypt from Alexandria as pharaohs from 323 B.C. , when Ptolemy , one of Alexander the Great 's generals, took over Egyptian rule. The dynasty lasted until the death of the most famous member of the family, Cleopatra VII , in 30 B.C. , shortly after the Battle of Actium . Egypt was then annexed to Rome Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Klaudios Ptolemaios; A.D. circa - circa ), known in English as Ptolemy , was a Greek astronomer and astrologer who probably lived and worked in Alexandria in Egypt Ptolemy was the author of two important scientific treatises. One is the astronomical treatise that is now known as the Almagest (in Greek , "The Great Treatise"). It was preserved, like most of Classical Greek science, in Arabic manuscripts (hence its familiar name) and only made available in Latin translation (by Gerard of Cremona ) in the 12th Century. In this work, one of the most influential books of Antiquity, Ptolemy compiled the astronomical knowledge of the ancient Greek and Babylonian world; he relied mainly on the work of Hipparchus of three centuries earlier. Ptolemy formulated a geocentric model (see:

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