21. *** The House Of Ptolemy: Caesar, Cleopatra, & Marcus Antonius - The Transition The House of ptolemy web site concentrates on the Ptolemies and their world, from331 30 BCE. Links back to The House of ptolemy web site are out of date. http://www.houseofptolemy.org/housecle.htm

The House of Ptolemy: Caesar, Cleopatra, and Marcus Antonius and the Transition to a Greco-Roman (Roman Imperial) Egypt [ Ceasar, Cleopatra, Marcus Antonius] [ Cleopatra ] [ Genealogy List ] [ Bibliographic Notes ] ... [ Your Comments/ Feedback ] Caesar, Cleopatra, and Marcus Antonius: The Transition to a Greco-Roman (Roman Imperial) Egypt Historical Overviews - From the Ides to Actium By David Silverman (of Reed College). Discussion of the events from the death of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March, 44 BCE, to the victory of Augustus at the battle of Actium. Includes information on Mark Antony and Cleopatra. - Chronology of the events of 50-26 BCE Chronology of the events of 50-26 BCE, which covers the history of Caesar, Cleopatra, and Mark Antony. This is part of the larger Chronology of Roman History site. - Timeline of Roman/Egyptian History from 48 BC to 30 BC See table at the bottom of the page. For use of students enrolled in Michael Berger's "CLEOPATRA" a one-day course at the Oriental Institute (29 Feb 1999). Based on the 1934 film Cleopatra , directed by Cecil B.De Mille.

22. Harmonia Macrocosmica Seu Atlas Universalis Et Novus Atlas of the heavens as seen by the astronomers of the time of its 1661 printing Copernicus, ptolemy, Brahe, and Aratus. Entire book has been digitized and the images may be browsed or searched. http://www.lib.utah.edu/digital/cellarius.html

Marriott Library Digital Technologies Digitized Collections Harmonia Macrocosmica PROJECTS ABOUT US Home Contact Equipment DOCUMENTATION Standards Scanning Techniques Harmonia Macrocosmica by Andreas Cellarius Harmonia Macrocosmica, by Andreas Cellarius, is part of the Marriott Library's Rare Book Collection. Printed in 1661, it is an atlas of the heavens as seen by the astronomers of the times: Copernicus, Ptolemy, Brahe, and Aratus. There are 30 double-folio hand-painted color plates, plus approximately 200 pages of accompanying text in Latin. The entire book has been digitized and the images may be browsed or searched by clicking on the links to the right. Browse the 30 Color Plates Browse the Text Pages Search

23. Ptolemaic System on the cosmology of Aristotle (384322 BCE) and the technical astronomy of ptolemy (ca. 150 CE ptolemy used three basic constructions, the eccentric, the epicycle, and the equant http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Things/ptolemaic_system.html

Ptolemaic System In his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican of 1632, Galileo attacked the world system based on the cosmology of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and the technical astronomy of Ptolemy (ca. 150 CE). In his books On the Heavens, and Physics, The heavens, on the other hand, were made up of an entirely different substance, the aether or quintessence (fifth element), an immutable substance. Heavenly bodies were part of spherical shells of aether. These spherical shells fit tightly around each other, without any spaces between them, in the following order: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, fixed stars. Each spherical shell (hereafter, simply, sphere) had its particular rotation, that accounted for the motion of the heavenly body contained in it. Outside the sphere of the fixed stars, there was the prime mover (himself unmoved), who imparted motion from the outside inward. All motions in the cosmos came ultimately from this prime mover. The natural motions of heavenly bodies and their spheres was perfectly circular, that is, circular and neither speeding up nor slowing down. It is to be noted about this universe that everything had its natural place, a privileged location for bodies with a particular makeup, and that the laws of nature were not the same in the heavenly and the earthly regions. Further, there were no empty places or vacua anywhere. Finally, it was finite: beyond the sphere of the fixed stars and the prime mover, there was nothing, not even space. The cosmos encompassed all existence.

24. Ptolemy, The Man ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus)lived in Alexandria (in Egypt) from approx. 87 150 AD. http://nineplanets.org/psc/theman.html

Ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus) lived in Alexandria (in Egypt) from approx. 87 -150 AD. Very little is known about his personal life (the image above is probably purely the artist's imagination) He was an astronomer, mathematician and geographer. He codified the Greek geocentric view of the universe, and rationalized the apparent motions of the planets as they were known in his time. Ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain his geocentric theory of the solar system. Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. He believed the planets and sun to orbit the Earth in the order Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn . This system became known as the Ptolemaic system. It predicts the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations This is described in the book Mathematical Syntaxis (widely called the Almagest ), a thirteen book mathematical treatment of the phenomena of astronomy. It contains a myriad of information ranging from earth conceptions to sun, moon, and star movement as well as eclipses and a breakdown on the length of months. The Almagest also included a star catalog containing 48 constellations, using the names we still use today.

25. Ptolemy's Geography ptolemy's Geography. The Science of the Earth's Surface. ptolemy, Handy Tables. In Greek, Ninth century. ptolemy's "Handy Tables " intended for practical computation, were edited by Theon of Alexandria in the fourth century A.D. http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Experimental/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/

Ptolemy's Geography The Science of the Earth's Surface Ptolemy, who gave Greek astronomy its final form in the second century A.D., did the sameand morefor geography and cartography. His massive work on the subject, which summed up and criticized the work of earlier writers, offered instruction in laying out maps by three different methods of projection, provided coordinates for some eight thousand places, and treated such basic concepts as geographical latitude and longitude. In Byzantium, in the thirteenth century, Ptolemic maps were reconstructed and attached to Greek manuscripts of the text. And in the fifteenth century, a Latin translation of this text, with maps, proved a sensation in the world of the book. A best seller both in the age of luxurious manuscripts and in that of print, Ptolemy's "Geography" became immensely influential. Columbus one of its many readersfound inspiration in Ptolemy's exaggerated value for the size of Asia for his own fateful journey to the west. Ptolemy, Handy Tables In Greek, Ninth century

26. Ptolemy's Supper Club ptolemy s Supper Club. I know that I am mortal amateur astronomer;Lunar Ray Predictions. ptolemy in the Sky. ptolemy s Cluster (aka M http://nineplanets.org/psc/psc.html

Ptolemy's Supper Club "I know that I am mortal and the creature of a day; but when I search out the massed wheeling circles of the stars, my feet no longer touch the earth, but, side by side with Zeus himself, I take my fill of ambrosia, the food of the gods." Claudius Ptolemaeus The Club What is the PSC Charter Who is Ptolemy? Why did we name our club for Ptolemy? links to other clubs Observing Observing Reports (lots of good stuff here!) Basic Ephemerides etc Bay Area Weather (by Mark Taylor Star party etiquette Bay Area Observing Sites , rated by several factors (by Akkana Peck) Directions to SJAA and TAC observing sites; latitude/longitude of these sites Lunar Info for the amateur astronomer Lunar Ray Predictions Ptolemy in the Sky Ptolemy's Cluster (aka M 7, NGC 6475) Asteroid (4001) Ptolemaeus Lunar crater Ptolemaeus: images from Robin Casady Apollo 12 Apollo 16 Richard Evans ... LunaScan Martian crater Ptolemaeus: image from Viking orbiter Miscellanea Other interesting astronomical quotations A bit of telescope history , by Paul Rybski A Model Solar System by Ronald Shattuck Reflections on a Mote of Dust , in memory of Carl Sagan Eugene M. Shoemaker: A Timeless Tribute

27. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt and third in the dinasty. During his reign the control over Cyrenaica was strengthened, and also invaded Syria. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_3.htm

28. LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography Home page for my Web edition of the Geography of Claudius ptolemy.Maps redrawn from his data. ptolemy the Geography. The Author http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman

mail: Bill Thayer Italiano Help Up Home Summary bibliography on Ptolemy: mathematician, astronomer, geographer (David Joyce) Ptolemy: the Geography The Author: Claudius Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician of the 2c A.D. , whose exact dates we do not know, but who must apparently have worked in Alexandria between A.D. 127 and 148 since some of his astronomical observations are consistent with those dates. A.D. We may not have his dates, but a late 2c equivalent of the Tattler has come down to us in a not-too-damaged papyrus used as cartonnage for a collection of No, you shouldn't believe any of that last paragraph, but I couldn't resist. It is sad that, as with so many figures of Antiquity, we know next to nothing about the man himself. For a good summary of his work, though, try Ptolemy, the Man ; and Historical Astrology In Egypt for a good page focusing mostly on his astrological work, even if the page refers to him as "dabbling" in geography. . . For an attempt to reconstruct what he actually looked like, based on medieval portraits (an enterprise which I view as altogether quixotic), see this excellent website: Iconography of Ptolemy's Portrait The Text: This is another useful text that didn't seem to be on the Web when I started getting interested in it. Details will follow, but for now the bare essentials: this is, as occasionally modified by me, a transcript of a Dover edition, first published in 1991, itself an unabridged republication of a public domain work, originally published in 1932 by The New York Public Library, N.Y. in an edition limited to 250 copies, with the title

29. LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book II, Chapter 1 Hibernia or Ireland the chapter from the Geography of ptolemy,in English translation, with a map drawn to his coordinates. http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman

mail: Bill Thayer Italiano Help Up Home previous section This webpage reproduces a section of The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy published in English translation by Dover Publications, the text of which is in the public domain. This text has been carefully proofed and I believe it to be free of errors. If you find a mistake though, please let me know! next section Book II, Chapter 1 Location of Hibernia island of Britannia (from the First Map of Europe) My notes on the map: No information has been added to Ptolemy's text as I have it: there is no topographic data and the courses of the rivers remain unmapped. A description of the north coast, beyond which is located the Hyperborean ocean: Boreum promontory Vennicnium promontory mouth of the Vidua river mouth of the Argita river Rhobogdium promontory The Vennicni inhabit the west coast; next to them and toward the east are the Rhobogdi A description of the west side, which borders on the Western ocean from the Boreum promontory which is in mouth of the Ravius river Magnata city mouth of the Libnius river mouth of the Ausoba river mouth of the Senus river mouth of the Duris river mouth of the Iernus river Southern promontory a The Erdini inhabit the coast next to the Vennicni, and between these are the Magnatae; then the Autini; and the Gangani; below whom are the Vellabori.

30. Ptolemy's Geography ptolemy s Geography. ptolemy, who gave Greek astronomy its final form in thesecond century AD, did the sameand morefor geography and cartography. http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/Ptolemy_geo.ht

Ptolemy's Geography The Science of the Earth's Surface Ptolemy, who gave Greek astronomy its final form in the second century A.D., did the sameand morefor geography and cartography. His massive work on the subject, which summed up and criticized the work of earlier writers, offered instruction in laying out maps by three different methods of projection, provided coordinates for some eight thousand places, and treated such basic concepts as geographical latitude and longitude. In Byzantium, in the thirteenth century, Ptolemic maps were reconstructed and attached to Greek manuscripts of the text. And in the fifteenth century, a Latin translation of this text, with maps, proved a sensation in the world of the book. A best seller both in the age of luxurious manuscripts and in that of print, Ptolemy's "Geography" became immensely influential. Columbus one of its many readersfound inspiration in Ptolemy's exaggerated value for the size of Asia for his own fateful journey to the west. Ptolemy, Handy Tables In Greek, Ninth century

31. Project Akaroa Akaroa is a package for supporting the Multiple Replications In Parallel (MRIP) simulation technique to harness the computing power of a network of inexpensive workstations. Integration exists with the ptolemy Classic, ns2 and OMNeT++ simulators. http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/research/RG/net_sim/simulation_group/akaroa/

Computer Science Akaroa, the Software Akaroa, the Place

32. Greek Astronomy most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy createdby Hipparchus in the second century BC and given final form by ptolemy in the http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/Greek_astro.ht

Greek Astronomy The Revival of an Ancient Science One of the most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy created by Hipparchus in the second century B.C. and given final form by Ptolemy in the second century A.D. Ptolemy's work was known in the Middle Ages through imperfect Latin versions. In fifteenth-century Italy, however, it was brought back to life. George Trebizond, a Cretan emigre in the curia, produced a new translation and commentary. These proved imperfect and aroused much heated criticism. But a German astronomer, Johannes Regiomontanus, a protege of the brilliant Greek churchman Cardinal Bessarion, came to Italy with his patron, learned Greek, and produced a full-scale "Epitome" of Ptolemy's work from which most astronomers learned their art for the next century and more. Copernicus was only one of the celebrities of the Scientific Revolution whose work rested in large part on the study of ancient science carried out in fifteenth-century Italy. Byzantine Astronomical Collection In Greek, Before 1308

33. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lyrba A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... L > Lyrba A B C D ... Z Lyrba A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles. Its exact situation is not known, nor its history; it may be the modern small town of Seidi Shehir, in the vilayet of Konia. The "Notitiae episcopatuum" mentions Lyrba as an episcopal see, suffragan of Side up to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Two of its bishops are known: Caius, who attend the Council of Constantinople, 381, and Taurianus at Ephesus, 431 (Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", I, 1009); Zeuxius was not Bishop of Lyrba, as Le Quien states, but of Syedra. The ruins are south-east of Kiesme, vilayet of Koniah; there have been found some inscriptions, tombs, and the remains of a Byzantine church. RADET in Revue des etudes anciennes, XII (Bordeaux, 1910), 365-72. Transcribed by Thomas M. Barrett Dedicated to the Christians of Pamphylia Prima The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, Censor

34. *** The House Of Ptolemy Now At Http//www.houseofptolemy.org The House of ptolemy web site concentrates on the Ptolemies and their world, from331 30 BCE. The House of ptolemy Now at http//www.houseofptolemy.org. http://pw1.netcom.com/~aphilipp/

35. Did Buddhism Influence Early Christianity? Essay on the possibility that Jesus was taught Buddhism by the Therapeutae, a community of Buddhist teachers that had been sent by the Indian emperor Ashoka on an embassy to ptolemy II, king of Egypt, in 250 CE. http://www.omhros.gr/kat/history/Txt/Rl/BuddChrist.htm

Did Buddhism influence early Christianity? The Times of India Title: Did Buddhism influence early Christianity? Author: N. S. Chandramouli Publication: The Times of India Date : May 1, 1997 Long before the word 'missionary' came to be synonymous with Christianity, Buddhist monks were travelling across Asia, spreading their master's teachings along the Silk Route from Khotan in the east to Antioch in the west. Indeed, many scholars hold that the religious traditions of the Silk Route regions, including the Levant, were significantly influenced by the Buddha's philosophy of compassion, his vision of Dhamma, the eternal law that sustains the cosmos and manifests itself among humans as the moral law. Against this historical backdrop. some scholars have posed an interesting question: Were the teachings of Jesus the Nazarene a continuation, in Palestine, of the philosophy that Siddhartha Gautama had taught beside the Ganga 500 years earlier? In their book The Original Jesus (Element Books, Shaftesbury, 1995), Elmar R Gruber, an eminent psychologist, and Holger Kersten, a specialist in religious history and author of the best-selling Jesus Lived in India, offer compelling evidence of extensive Buddhist influence on the life and teachings of Jesus. Arguing that 2,000 years of Church history have hidden the real historical Jesus, the authors promise to peel away the varnish and uncover him. Very little is known about Jesus' early years -in those years, Gruber and Kersten claim, Jesus was brought up by the

36. The Universe Of Aristotle And Ptolemy The Universe of Aristotle and ptolemy The celestial sphere that we introducedpreviously is a convenient fiction to locate objects in the sky. http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/aristotle.html

The Universe of Aristotle and Ptolemy The celestial sphere that we introduced previously is a convenient fiction to locate objects in the sky. However, the Greek philosopher Aristotle (many of Aristotles works are available at the Internet Classics Archive ) proposed that the heavens were literally composed of 55 concentric, crystalline spheres to which the celestial objects were attached and which rotated at different velocities (but the angular velocity was constant for a given sphere), with the Earth at the center. The following figure illustrates the ordering of the spheres to which the Sun, Moon, and visible planets were attached. (The diagram is not to scale, and the planets are aligned for convenience in illustration; generally they were distributed around the spheres.) There were additional "buffering" spheres that lay between the spheres illustrated. The sphere of the stars lay beyond the ones shown here for the planets; finally, in the Aristotelian conception there was an outermost sphere that was the domain of the "Prime Mover". The Prime Mover caused the outermost sphere to rotate at constant angular velocity, and this motion was imparted from sphere to sphere, thus causing the whole thing to rotate. By adjusting the velocities of these concentric spheres, many features of planetary motion could be explained. However, the troubling observations of varying planetary brightness and retrograde motion could not be accommodated: the spheres moved with constant angular velocity, and the objects attached to them were always the same distance from the earth because they moved on spheres with the earth at the center.

37. The Famine Stele On The Island Of Sehel The legend, and translation of the text on, the Famine Stele located on Sehel, a small island in the Nile River near Aswan, attributed to ptolemy V. http://www.terraflex.co.il/ad/egypt/famine_stele.htm

Ancient Egyptian texts: The Famine Stele on Sehel Printout For best results save the whole webpage (pictures included) onto your hard disk, open the page with Word 97 or higher, edit if necessary and print. Printing using the browser's print function is not recommended. The Famine Stele on Sehel attributed to Ptolemy V Picture source The Famine Stele on the Island of Sehel Ptolemaic Period The Legend During the reign of Djoser (3rd dynasty) a terrible drought lasted for seven years. I was in mourning on my throne, Those of the palace were in grief .because Hapy had failed to come in time. In a period of seven years, Grain was scant, Kernels were dried up Every man robbed his twin Children cried The hearts of the old were needy Temples were shut, Shrines covered with dust, Everyone was in distress .I consulted one of the staff of the Ibis, the Chief lector-priest of Imhotep, son of Ptah South-of-the-Wall .He departed, he returned to me quickly, He let me know the flow of Hapy Translation by Lichtheim Imhotep, a high official and Renaissance man, revealed to the king that the Nile had its origins in a land consecrated to

38. Ptolemy http://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/

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39. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hamburg A city supposed to be identical with the Marionis of ptolemy, was founded by a colony of fishermen from Lower Saxony. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07121b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... H > Hamburg A B C D ... Z Hamburg A city supposed to be identical with the Marionis of Ptolemy, was founded by a colony of fishermen from Lower Saxony, who settled on the wooded heights ( hamma-wald ) at the end of a tongue of land between the Elbe and the Alster, on the spot now occupied by the church of St. Peter and the Johanneum Gymnasium. Between 805 and 810 Charlemagne fortified the place and used it as a base of operations for the diffusion of Christianity in the North. By permission of Gregory IV , Louis the Pious established there an archiepiscopal see, in 831, with jurisdiction over all missions in Scandinavia, Northern Russia, Iceland, and Greenland. The see was given to St. Ansgar, the Apostle of the North, but the piratical raids of the Northmen and the Obotrites compelled him to remove to Bremen. When, in 845, the Bishop of Bremen died, Ansgar sought to have the two sees united, and his request was granted, but the consolidation was not ratified by Nicholas I The united See of Hamburg-Bremen reached both the height of its greatness and the depth of its misfortune under Adalbert the Great (1043-72), a scion of the royal Saxo-Thuringian line, and a remarkable man in every respect. He was contemporary with Adam of Bremen (died c. 1076), the first and best of the medieval Gregory VII Lutheran creed and the prosecution and punishment of all who did not conform; while the

40. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ptolemais, Titular Metropolis Ptolemais, a titular metropolis in Phoenicia Prima, or Maritima. The city of Acre, now SaintJean d'Acre, was called Ptolemais in 281 or 267 B.C., by ptolemy II. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12553b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Ptolemais A B C D ... Z Ptolemais (SAINT-JEAN D'ACRE) Ptolemais, a titular metropolis in Phoenicia Prima, or Maritima. The city of Acre , now Saint-Jean d'Acre, was called Ptolemais in 281 or 267 B.C. , by Ptolemy II, surnamed Philadelphus, and since then this name has subsisted conjointly with the primitive one, at least as the official name. Quite early it possessed a Christian community visited by St. Paul (Acts, xxi, 7). The first bishops known are: Clarus, present about 190 at a council held concerning the observance of Easter St. John Chrysostom Protestant school and hospital of the Church Missionary Society. (Paris, 1910), s. v. Acre, Saint-Jean d', with an important bibliography. Transcribed by Douglas J. Potter Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XII Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York If an ad appears here that contradicts Catholic teachings, please click here to notify the webmaster. Praise Jesus Christ in His Angels and in His Saints New Advent is dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

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