1. *** The House Of Ptolemy: Index Page *** An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonianbased Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this portal site is intended for all classicists and http://www.houseofptolemy.org/

*** The House of Ptolemy *** AWARDS and update summary: Apr 1997- Mar 1999 Today is Latest update: 29-Oct-2000 Includes important new CLEOPATRA's SIGNATURE and links to seminars! 275+ Links [ Ptolemaic Egypt Pages ] 80+ Links [ Greco-Roman (Roman Imperial) Egypt Pages ] 80+ Links [ Byzantine Egypt Pages ] 80+ Links [ Some Modern Egypt Pages] [ Reading List ] The House of Ptolemy portal has been selected by the Discovery Channel School, Britanica.com: Encyclopædia Britannica's Internet Guide, Webivore Knowledge Systems, and GeoHistory as a valued Internet resource. See some of our awards or look at a reference reading list If you want to know about the background image on this page ...... An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this portal site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. The House of Ptolemy web site concentrates on the Ptolemies and their world, from 331 - 30 BCE. However, since the histories of Greek rule and subsequent Roman rule overlap (and do so again later with Byzantine rule) this site includes Roman rule in Egypt, and the Byzantine rule that followed. During this almost 1000 years the dominant culture ['Hellenistic'] started as a Greek core with added native Egyptian and other foreign elements. These elements were both blended and kept distinctly separate, sometimes overlying the Greek core incompletely so that today scholars can focus on the Greek facets, the native Egyptian facets, the other outside influences, or all of these together when they discuss

2. Ptolemy - Journey To The Center Of The Universe - Earth An astronomer, mathematician and geographer who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. We know very little more of his life. He classified the Greek geocentric view of the universe, and calculated the apparent motions of the planets. http://space.about.com/library/weekly/aa103102a.htm

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3. Ptolemy Studies modeling, simulation, and design of concurrent, realtime, embedded systems. Focus assembly http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/

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4. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt from 323 until 285 BCE and father of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His most important achievements were to declare Alexandria as the capital of his rule, and the foundation of the Library of Alexandria. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_1.htm

5. Ptolemy ptolemy and Regiomontanus shown on the frontispiece to Regiomontanus' Epitome of the Almagest, 1496. The Epitome was one of the most important Renaissance sources on ancient astronomy. ptolemy ptolemy, Latin in full Claudius Ptolemaeus (fl. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/ptolemy.html

Ptolemy and Regiomontanus shown on the frontispiece to Regiomontanus' Epitome of the Almagest, 1496. The Epitome was one of the most important Renaissance sources on ancient astronomy. Ptolemy Ptolemy, Latin in full Claudius Ptolemaeus (fl. AD 127-145, Alexandria), ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who considered the Earth the center of the universe (the "Ptolemaic system"). Virtually nothing is known about his life. Ptolemy's astronomical work was enshrined in his great book He mathematike syntaxis ("The Mathematical Collection"), which eventually became known as Ho megas astronomos ("The Great Astronomer"). During the 9th century, however, Arab astronomers used the Greek superlative Megiste to refer to the book. When the definite article al was prefixed to the term, its title then became known as the Almagest, the name still used today. The Christian Aristotelian cosmos, engraving from Peter Apian's Cosmographia, 1524 Ptolemy accepted the following order for celestial objects in the solar system: Earth (center), Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. He realized, as had Hipparchus, that the inequalities in the motions of these heavenly bodies necessitated either a system of deferents and epicycles or one of movable eccentrics (both systems devised by Apollonius of Perga, the Greek geometer of the 3rd century BC) in order to account for their movements in terms of uniform circular motion. In the Ptolemaic system, the plane of the ecliptic is that of the Sun's apparent annual path among the stars. The planes of the deferents of the planets were believed to be inclined at small angles to the plane of the ecliptic, while the planes of their epicycles were inclined by equal amounts to those of the deferents, so that the planes of the epicycles would always parallel that of the ecliptic. The planes of the deferents of Mercury and Venus were assumed to oscillate above and below the plane of the ecliptic, and likewise the planes of their epicycles were thought to oscillate with respect to the planes of the deferents.

6. Claudius Ptolemy Claudius ptolemy (ca. 100170) Little is known about ptolemy's life and education, other that he lived and worked in Alexandria, one of the primary http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/ptolemy.html

Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 100-170) Little is known about Ptolemy's life and education, other that he lived and worked in Alexandria, one of the primary centers of Greek culture in late antiquity, and that he has no genealogical relationship whatsoever to the Pharaoh dynasty bearing the same name (as believed by many in medieval times). He wrote on many topics, including geography, astrology, musical theory, optics, physics, and of course astronomy. He died most probably between 141 and 151 AD. His landmark astronomical work is his Mathematical compilation , (or Syntaxis , as Prolemy himself referred to it) better known under the name Amalgest , given to it by its later Arabic translators and commentators. By making extensive use of the geometrical constructions known as epicycles and equants , Ptolemy constructed a mathematical model of planetary motion that did far better at predicting planetary positions than anything else produced in antiquity. It is the fusion of Ptolemy's model with the cosmology and physics of Aristotle that was to be adopted in the late antiquity and medieval Western world, and literally define mankind's view of the universe for over a millennium.

7. ThinkQuest : Library : Ptolemy's Ptools Using tools of yesterday, and tools specially created for this site, ptolemy Ptools will give you geometry projects to do with your 3D computer games as well as projects to take outside and explore the world. http://library.thinkquest.org/19029/

Index Math Geometry Ptolemy's Ptools Ever wonder how high a cloud is? You can calculate altitude right from your own backyard and this site will tell you how. It will also show you how to have fun while completing math projects. Learn more about Claudius Ptolemy, a famous Greek mathematician. Check out quadrants and the properties of triangles. Do math projects which measure trees, buildings, cloud altitude, wind speed, and the altitude of a model rocket flight. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Carl home schooled, Corey home schooled, Coaches Kye Palm Beach County Library, West Palm Beach, FL, United States Shelley home schooled, Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

8. Ptolemy A small description of ptolemy's famous map. http://www.empereur.com/ptolemy.html

Ptolemy's world map Ptolemy's World Map, c. 150 AD. Ptolemy's world map, republished in 1482. Ptolemy (c.100-168) the Greek astronomer and the author of works on physics, mathematics, optics and geography, produced the data for creating a world map in about 150 AD. Unfortunately, none of his maps survived and his work was lost to the West until the Renaissance. Scholars in the 15th century recreated Ptolemy's map using the instructions in his work Geography, which explain how to project a sphere onto a flat piece of paper using a system of gridlines - longitude and latitude. Ptolemy's map consists of the world known to him; he does not speculate on the unknown, and as he worked in Alexandria the map is most detailed round the Mediterranean. There are only three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. The two red lines are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; the sea is light brown, the rivers are in blue and the mountains in dark brown. The surrounding heads represent the major winds. The page was created by empereur in

9. Ptolemy - The Ptolemies ptolemy ~ The Ptolemies. ptolemy Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus - lived in Alexandria, Egypt from approx. 87 -150 AD. Very little is known about his personal life. http://www.crystalinks.com/ptolemy.html

Ptolemy ~ The Ptolemies Ptolemy - Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus - lived in Alexandria, Egypt from approx. 87 -150 AD. Very little is known about his personal life. He was an astronomer, mathematician and geographer. He made astronomical observations from Alexandria in Egypt during the years AD 127-41. In fact the first observation which we can date exactly was made by Ptolemy on 26 March 127 while the last was made on 2 February 141. It was claimed by Theodore Meliteniotes in around 1360 that Ptolemy was born in Hermiou (which is in Upper Egypt rather than Lower Egypt where Alexandria is situated) but since this claim first appears more than one thousand years after Ptolemy lived, it must be treated as relatively unlikely to be true. In fact there is no evidence that Ptolemy was ever anywhere other than Alexandria. His name, Claudius Ptolemy, is of course a mixture of the Greek Egyptian 'Ptolemy' and the Roman 'Claudius'. This would indicate that he was descended from a Greek family living in Egypt and that he was a citizen of Rome, which would be as a result of a Roman emperor giving that 'reward' to one of Ptolemy's ancestors. He codified the Greek geocentric view of the universe, and rationalized the apparent motions of the planets as they were known in his time. That theory was presented in such a form that it prevailed for 1400 years.

10. Ptolemy Consulting Group a technology consulting firm helping small to medium sized companies maximize the return from their investment in office technology. http://www.ptolemyconsulting.com/

11. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ptolemy The Gnostic (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12553c.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Ptolemy the Gnostic A B C D ... Z Ptolemy the Gnostic Ptolemy the Gnostic, a heretic of the second century and personal disciple of Valentinus. He was probably still living about 180. No other certain details are known of his life; Harnack's suggestion that he was identical with the Ptolemy spoken of by St. Justin Valentinian Gnosticism . His works have reached us in an incomplete form as follows: (2) a letter to Flora, a Christian lady, not otherwise known to us. Supreme God , nor to the devil ; nor does it proceed from one law-giver. A part of it is the work of an inferior god; the second part is due to Moses, and the third to the elders of the Jewish people. Three different sections are to be distinguished even in the part ascribed to the inferior god: (1) The absolutely pure legislation of the Decalogue which was not destroyed, but fulfilled by the Saviour; (2) the laws mixed with evil, like the right of retaliation, which were abolished by the Saviour because they were incompatible with His nature; (3) the section which is typical and symbolical of the higher world.

12. ¢ŠE’n}‚ðì‚낤 The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://homepage1.nifty.com/ptolemy/

¡¢ŠE‚̍‘X ¡—pŒêW ¡’n—ƒŠƒ“ƒNW ¡ƒƒbƒZ[ƒW ... ¡ŒfŽ¦” ¡T‚̃Vƒ‹ƒGƒbƒgƒNƒCƒY No.135 (04/05/31) ‚±‚ÌŠG‚Í‚ ‚鍑i‚à‚µ‚­‚Í’nˆæj‚̃Vƒ‹ƒGƒbƒg‚Å‚·B‚³‚Ä‚Ç‚±‚Å‚µ‚傤H ‚±‚±‚©‚ç‘I‚ñ‚Å‚­‚¾‚³‚¢ ƒAƒCƒXƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒAƒCƒ‹ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒAƒ[ƒ‹ƒoƒCƒWƒƒƒ“ ƒAƒtƒKƒjƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‡O‘ ƒAƒƒŠƒJ—̃Tƒ‚ƒA ƒAƒ‰ƒuŽñ’·‘˜A–M ƒAƒ‹ƒWƒFƒŠƒA ƒAƒ‹ƒ[ƒ“ƒ`ƒ“ ƒAƒ‹ƒoƒjƒA ƒAƒ‹ƒƒjƒA ƒAƒ“ƒSƒ‰ ƒAƒ“ƒeƒBƒOƒAEƒo[ƒu[ƒ_ ƒAƒ“ƒeƒBƒ‹ ƒAƒ“ƒhƒ‰ ƒCƒGƒƒ“ ƒCƒMƒŠƒX ƒCƒXƒ‰ƒGƒ‹ ƒCƒ^ƒŠƒA ƒCƒ‰ƒN ƒCƒ‰ƒ“ ƒCƒ“ƒh ƒCƒ“ƒhƒlƒVƒA ƒEƒKƒ“ƒ_ ƒEƒNƒ‰ƒCƒi ƒEƒYƒxƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒEƒ‹ƒOƒAƒC ƒGƒNƒAƒhƒ‹ ƒGƒWƒvƒg ƒGƒXƒgƒjƒA ƒGƒ`ƒIƒsƒA ƒGƒŠƒgƒŠƒA ƒGƒ‹ƒTƒ‹ƒoƒhƒ‹ ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA ƒI[ƒXƒgƒŠƒA ƒIƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ ƒIƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_—̃Aƒ“ƒeƒBƒ‹ ƒKƒCƒAƒi ƒJƒUƒtƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒJƒ^[ƒ‹ ƒK[ƒi ƒJƒiƒ_ ƒJƒiƒŠƒA”“‡ ƒJƒƒ‹[ƒ“ ƒKƒ“ƒrƒA –k’©‘N ƒMƒjƒA ƒMƒjƒAƒrƒTƒE ƒLƒvƒƒX ƒLƒ [ƒo ƒMƒŠƒVƒƒ ƒLƒŠƒoƒX ƒLƒ‹ƒMƒX ƒOƒAƒhƒ‹[ƒv“‡ ƒOƒAƒ€ ƒNƒEƒF[ƒg ƒNƒbƒN”“‡ ƒOƒŠ[ƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒOƒ‹ƒWƒA ƒOƒŒƒiƒ_ ƒNƒƒAƒ`ƒA ƒPƒjƒA ƒRƒXƒ^ƒŠƒJ ƒRƒ‚ƒ ƒRƒƒ“ƒrƒA ƒRƒ“ƒS‹¤˜a‘ ƒRƒ“ƒS–¯Žå‹¤˜a‘ ƒTƒEƒWƒAƒ‰ƒrƒA ƒTƒ‚ƒA ƒTƒ“ƒgƒEƒvƒŠƒ“ƒVƒy ƒUƒ“ƒrƒA ƒVƒGƒ‰ƒŒƒIƒl ƒWƒuƒ` ƒVƒŠƒA ƒWƒ“ƒoƒuƒG ƒXƒCƒX ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ ƒX[ƒ_ƒ“ ƒXƒyƒCƒ“ ƒXƒŠƒiƒ€ ƒXƒŠƒ‰ƒ“ƒJ ƒXƒƒoƒLƒA ƒXƒƒxƒjƒA ƒXƒƒWƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒZƒCƒVƒFƒ‹ Ô“¹ƒMƒjƒA ƒZƒlƒKƒ‹ ƒZƒ‹ƒrƒAEƒ‚ƒ“ƒeƒlƒOƒ ƒZƒ“ƒgƒNƒŠƒXƒgƒtƒ@[EƒlƒCƒrƒX ƒZƒ“ƒgƒrƒ“ƒZƒ“ƒgEƒOƒŒƒiƒfƒB[ƒ“ ƒZƒ“ƒgƒ‹ƒVƒA ƒ^ƒC ‘ä˜p ƒ^ƒWƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒ^ƒ“ƒUƒjƒA ƒ`ƒƒƒh ’†‰›ƒAƒtƒŠƒJ ƒ`ƒ ƒjƒWƒA ƒ`ƒFƒR ƒcƒoƒ‹ ƒhƒCƒc ƒg[ƒS ƒhƒ~ƒjƒJ‹¤˜a‘ ƒhƒ~ƒjƒJ‘ ƒgƒŠƒjƒ_[ƒhEƒgƒoƒS ƒgƒ‹ƒNƒƒjƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒgƒ‹ƒR ƒgƒ“ƒK ƒiƒCƒWƒFƒŠƒA ƒiƒEƒ‹ ƒiƒ~ƒrƒA ƒjƒJƒ‰ƒOƒA ¼ƒTƒnƒ‰ ƒjƒWƒF[ƒ‹ ƒjƒ [ƒJƒŒƒhƒjƒA ƒjƒ [ƒW[ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒlƒp[ƒ‹ ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[ ƒnƒCƒ` ƒpƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“ ƒoƒkƒAƒc ƒpƒvƒAƒjƒ [ƒMƒjƒA ƒoƒ~ƒ [ƒ_ ƒpƒ‰ƒI ƒpƒ‰ƒOƒAƒC ƒoƒ‹ƒoƒhƒX

13. Ptolemy Claudius ptolemy. We shall discuss the arguments below for, depending onwhich are correct, they portray ptolemy in very different lights. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ptolemy.html

Claudius Ptolemy Born: about 85 in Egypt Died: about 165 in Alexandria, Egypt Click the picture above to see five larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index One of the most influential Greek astronomers and geographers of his time, Ptolemy propounded the geocentric theory in a form that prevailed for 1400 years. However, of all the ancient Greek mathematicians, it is fair to say that his work has generated more discussion and argument than any other. We shall discuss the arguments below for, depending on which are correct, they portray Ptolemy in very different lights. The arguments of some historians show that Ptolemy was a mathematician of the very top rank, arguments of others show that he was no more than a superb expositor, but far worse, some even claim that he committed a crime against his fellow scientists by betraying the ethics and integrity of his profession. We know very little of Ptolemy's life. He made astronomical observations from Alexandria in Egypt during the years AD 127-41. In fact the first observation which we can date exactly was made by Ptolemy on 26 March 127 while the last was made on 2 February 141. It was claimed by Theodore Meliteniotes in around 1360 that Ptolemy was born in Hermiou (which is in Upper Egypt rather than Lower Egypt where Alexandria is situated) but since this claim first appears more than one thousand years after Ptolemy lived, it must be treated as relatively unlikely to be true. In fact there is no evidence that Ptolemy was ever anywhere other than Alexandria.

14. The Ptolemy Project The ptolemy Project This site provides an overview of the ptolemy Project. The ptolemy project studies modeling, simulation, and design of concurrent, realtime, embedded systems. The focus is on http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/&y=02420DB3625E

15. References For Ptolemy References for ptolemy. Biography in 1894). VA Bronshten, Claudius ptolemy Second century AD (Russian) Nauka (Moscow, 1988). JLE http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ptolemy.html

References for Ptolemy Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: A Aaboe, On the tables of planetary visibility in the Almagest and the Handy Tables F Boll, (Leipzig, 1894). V A Bronshten, Claudius Ptolemy : Second century A.D (Russian) 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1988). J L E Dreyer, A history of astronomy from Thales to Kepler (New York, 1953). O Gingerich, The Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler G Grasshoff, The history of Ptolemy's star catalogue (New York, 1990). T L Heath, A Manual of Greek Mathematics T L Heath, A history of Greek mathematics I, II (Oxford, 1931). O Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy (3 Vols.) (Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1975). R R Newton, The crime of Claudius Ptolemy (Baltimore, MD, 1977). O Petersen, A survey of the Almagest (Odense, 1974). A M Smith, Ptolemy's theory of visual perception, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Pt. 2 (Philadelphia, PA, 1996). G J Toomer (trs.)

16. Ptolemy Balkan Europe politics. http://communities.msn.com/Ptolemy

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17. Ptolemy Biography of ptolemy (85165) Greek astronomers and geographers of his time, ptolemy propounded the geocentric theory in a form that depending on which are correct, they portray ptolemy in very different lights http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ptolemy.html

Claudius Ptolemy Born: about 85 in Egypt Died: about 165 in Alexandria, Egypt Click the picture above to see five larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index One of the most influential Greek astronomers and geographers of his time, Ptolemy propounded the geocentric theory in a form that prevailed for 1400 years. However, of all the ancient Greek mathematicians, it is fair to say that his work has generated more discussion and argument than any other. We shall discuss the arguments below for, depending on which are correct, they portray Ptolemy in very different lights. The arguments of some historians show that Ptolemy was a mathematician of the very top rank, arguments of others show that he was no more than a superb expositor, but far worse, some even claim that he committed a crime against his fellow scientists by betraying the ethics and integrity of his profession. We know very little of Ptolemy's life. He made astronomical observations from Alexandria in Egypt during the years AD 127-41. In fact the first observation which we can date exactly was made by Ptolemy on 26 March 127 while the last was made on 2 February 141. It was claimed by Theodore Meliteniotes in around 1360 that Ptolemy was born in Hermiou (which is in Upper Egypt rather than Lower Egypt where Alexandria is situated) but since this claim first appears more than one thousand years after Ptolemy lived, it must be treated as relatively unlikely to be true. In fact there is no evidence that Ptolemy was ever anywhere other than Alexandria.

18. Ptolemy, The Man ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus) lived in ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/billa/psc/theman.html

Ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus) lived in Alexandria (in Egypt) from approx. 87 -150 AD. Very little is known about his personal life (the image above is probably purely the artist's imagination) He was an astronomer, mathematician and geographer. He codified the Greek geocentric view of the universe, and rationalized the apparent motions of the planets as they were known in his time. Ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain his geocentric theory of the solar system. Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. He believed the planets and sun to orbit the Earth in the order Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn . This system became known as the Ptolemaic system. It predicts the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations This is described in the book Mathematical Syntaxis (widely called the Almagest ), a thirteen book mathematical treatment of the phenomena of astronomy. It contains a myriad of information ranging from earth conceptions to sun, moon, and star movement as well as eclipses and a breakdown on the length of months. The Almagest also included a star catalog containing 48 constellations, using the names we still use today.

19. Ptolemy II Set of Java packages supporting heterogeneous, concurrent modeling and design. Open Source, BDL http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/ptolemyII/

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20. Ptolemy II Set of Java packages supporting heterogeneous, concurrent modeling and design. Open Source, BDL http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/ptolemyII/index.htm

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