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         Posidonius Of Rhodes:     more detail
  1. Roman-Era Rhodian Philosophers: Andronicus of Rhodes, Posidonius, Panaetius, Hecato of Rhodes
  2. 1st-Century Bc Philosophers: Lucretius, Andronicus of Rhodes, Posidonius, Nigidius Figulus, Philodemus, Antiochus of Ascalon, Catius, Jing Fang
  3. Ancient Rhodian Philosophers: Roman-Era Rhodian Philosophers, Andronicus of Rhodes, Posidonius, Panaetius, Eudemus of Rhodes, Hecato of Rhodes
  4. POSIDONIUS(13551? BCE): An entry from Gale's <i>Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> by Ludwig Edelstein, 2006
  5. POSIDONIUS [ADDENDUM]: An entry from Gale's <i>Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> by Stephen White, 2006
  6. 1st-Century Bc Greek People: Andronicus of Rhodes, Diodorus Siculus, Posidonius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Aenesidemus
  7. Ancient Rhodian Scientists: Hipparchus, Posidonius, Geminus, Dinocrates, Attalus of Rhodes

1. Stoic History
posidonius of rhodes (13550 fl), taught by Diogenes, Panaetius, heard by Cicero on geography, anthropology and history; Hecaton of Rhodes wrote a book about practical ethics
http://www.cnu.edu/phil/carr/StoicBio.htm
Stoic School Buttons: Chronology, Zeno of Citium, Chrysippus of Soli, Middle, Epictetus, The Sources Aristotle Plato and the Stoics, was teacher at court; and with the ascension of Marcus Aurelius to Emperor of Rome, Stoicism became the philosophy of state.
Chronology
Cent Prostates (One who Gives Orders) Students/Fellows Early
Mid
Zeno of Citium (344/34-263/2), taught Cleanthes son of Phanias of Assos (331-232) (head263-232), taught Chrysippus of Soli (b280.; head 232-d207/6), taught Zeno of Tarsus (head from 206) Ariston "the Bald", son of Miltiades of Chios, (fl. 270-50?) taught by Zeno, became a heretic Herillus of Carthage, taught by Zeno, became a heretic Dionysius, taught by Zeno Persaeus of Citium, taught by Zeno Aratus of Soli, taught by Zeno Sphaerus of the Bosphorus, taught by Cleanthes, tutor of Cleomenes the king of Sparta and Ptolemy Philopater of Alexandria Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c276-196) Diogenes of Seleucia (Babylon) (head until 152), taught by Chrysippus, taught Antipater of Tarsus ( head c150-129) Panaetius of Rhodes (185-110; head from 129)

2. Biography-center - Letter P
.com/myths/bios/poseidon.html. posidonius of rhodes, wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Mathematicians/Posidonius.html. Post, Emil
http://www.biography-center.com/p.html
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538 biographies

  • www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Peres.html
  • www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Peter.html
  • www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Polya.html
  • Paar, Jack
    www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/paar_j.html
  • Paavolainen, Olavi
    www.kirjasto.sci.fi/opaavola.htm
  • pablo, picasso
    www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/picasso.html
  • Pacchia, Girolamo del www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a844-1.html
  • Pacchioni, Antonio www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/391.html
  • Pace, Carlos www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-paccar.html
  • Pacher, Michael www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/p/pacher/biograph.html
  • Pacioli, Luca www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pacioli.html
  • Packer, Kerry

3. Posidonius
posidonius of rhodes. Born 135 BC in Apameia, Syria Died 51 BC in Rhodes. Posidoniusof Rhodes is also known as Posidonius of Apameia.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Posidonius.html
Posidonius of Rhodes
Born: 135 BC in Apameia, Syria
Died: 51 BC in Rhodes
Click the picture above
to see two larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index
Posidonius of Rhodes is also known as Posidonius of Apameia. The first of these names refers to where he taught while the second refers to the town of his birth, Apameia on the Orontes. One must not think of these two as different people. Although he was born in Apameia in Syria, Posidonius was from a Greek family and he was brought up in the Greek tradition. He went to Athens to complete his education, and there he studied under the Stoic philosopher Panaetius of Rhodes . Posidonius travelled widely in the western Mediterranean region and he made many scientific studies on his travels relating to astronomy, geography and geology. Some time not long after 100 BC Posidonius became the head of the Stoic School in Rhodes. While in this position he also held political office in Rhodes. It was in a political position, as ambassador of Rhodes, that he travelled to Rome in 87-86 BC. There he met a number of men who he had known and taught earlier including Cicero In Rome Posidonius visited Gaius Marius , the Roman general and politician who was consul seven times. Marius died on 13 January 86 BC while Posidonius was still in Rome. While there Posidonius became friends with

4. Geminus
A much discussed question is the dependence of Geminus on the famousstoic philosopher posidonius of rhodes (who died around 50 BC).
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Geminus.html
Geminus
Born: about 10 BC in (possibly) Rhodes, Greece
Died: about 60 AD
Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index
It may be surprising that Geminus 's name seems to be Latin rather than Greek but as Heath writes [3]:- The occurrence of a Latin name in a centre of Greek culture need not surprise us, since Romans settled in such centres in large numbers during the last century BC. Geminus, however, in spite of his name, was thoroughly Greek. Geminus is believed by many historians to have worked in Rhodes. Certainly his astronomy text uses mountains on Rhodes to make specific points but, as Dicks points out in [1], this is not proof that he worked there. For example, Geminus refers to Mt Atabyrius (today called Mt Attaviros) without giving any indication of where it is but when he refers to Mt Cyllene he is careful to indicate that it is the Peloponnesus. However, since Rhodes was at this time the centre for astronomical research, and was taken as the reference point for latitude in astronomical observations, it is quite possible that Geminus would assume his reader were familiar with the reference points of Rhodes such as Mt Atabyrius without further comment. Geminus was a Stoic philosopher and either a pupil, or perhaps a later follower, of

5. Posidonius
Biography of Posidonius (135BC51BC) posidonius of rhodes. Born 135 BC in Apameia, Syria Main index. posidonius of rhodes is also known as Posidonius of Apameia
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Posidonius.html
Posidonius of Rhodes
Born: 135 BC in Apameia, Syria
Died: 51 BC in Rhodes
Click the picture above
to see two larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index
Posidonius of Rhodes is also known as Posidonius of Apameia. The first of these names refers to where he taught while the second refers to the town of his birth, Apameia on the Orontes. One must not think of these two as different people. Although he was born in Apameia in Syria, Posidonius was from a Greek family and he was brought up in the Greek tradition. He went to Athens to complete his education, and there he studied under the Stoic philosopher Panaetius of Rhodes . Posidonius travelled widely in the western Mediterranean region and he made many scientific studies on his travels relating to astronomy, geography and geology. Some time not long after 100 BC Posidonius became the head of the Stoic School in Rhodes. While in this position he also held political office in Rhodes. It was in a political position, as ambassador of Rhodes, that he travelled to Rome in 87-86 BC. There he met a number of men who he had known and taught earlier including Cicero In Rome Posidonius visited Gaius Marius , the Roman general and politician who was consul seven times. Marius died on 13 January 86 BC while Posidonius was still in Rome. While there Posidonius became friends with

6. HERMAGORAS
school, the members of which called themselves Hermagorei. His chief opponent was posidonius of rhodes, who is said to
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HE/HERMAGORAS.htm
HERMAGORAS
HERMAGORAS See Strabo xiii. p. 621; Cicero, Dc inventione, i. 6. 8, Brutus, 76, 263. 78, 271; Quintilian, Instit. iii. 1. 16, 3. 9, If. 22; C. W. Piderit, De Hermagora rhetore (1839); G. Thiele, Ilermagoras Em Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rhetorik (1893). HERMAE HERMANDAD

7. Education World® - *Math : Mathematicians : General Resources
Poretsky Platon. Porphyry of Malchus. posidonius of rhodes. Post Emil
http://db.educationworld.com/perl/browse?cat_id=2843&url_start=1451&cat_

8. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results
Skeptic (Altadena, CA); September 22, 2003; McIver, Tom creator. (25) Ciceroalso relates that posidonius of rhodes, a firstcentury BC Stoic
http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

9. World Civ I Terms
The successor states (Saleucid Syria, Ptolomaic Egypt, Antigonid Macedonia) Pergamum. Rhodes. Individualism. Realism Panaetius and posidonius of rhodes. Epictetus (c. 50 135)
http://www.utc.edu/~bwright/trms103.html
World Civilizations I
Terms
  • The Traditional World:
  • Early Cultures:
  • Mesopotamian Civilization:
  • Egyptian Civilization: ...
  • Uniqueness of Medieval Western Europe:
    The Traditional World:
    The great traditions: (civilizations of ancient origin)
    the dry-belt arc:
    the mountain barrier of Eurasia
    Pastoral nomads
    the major cultivable river basins
    the great hydraulic oases:
    geographical terms
    : steppe, savanna, forest, temperate, tropical, subtropical, arid, and oasis.
    the silk road
    modes of production
    capitalist mode of production
    tributary mode of production market exchange: peasant society market economy primary group secondary group feudalism:
    a system based on a personal, military contract or labor agreement imperial monarchy traditionalism folk behavior
    Early Cultures:
    Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Neanderthal humans Cromagnon humans Neolithic (New Stone Age) Culture Civilization Towns (or cities) Writing Bronze Age Complex divisions of labor Iron Age (c. 1475 B.C. with Hittites)
    Mesopotamian Civilization:
    Sumerians Akkadians Sargon of Akkad Babylonians Hammurabi Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans (New Babylonians) Nebuchadnezzar Persians Cyrus Cuneiform
    Egyptian Civilization:
    Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom Empire Age (New Kingdom) Ra Osiris Thutmose III Amenhotep IV Monotheism Hieroglyphics
    Other Eastern Mediterranean Cultures:
    Aegean Crete Minoan Hebrews Moses David Solomon Israel Judah Jerusalem Nebuchadnezzar Jaweh Monotheism Hebrew Bible Torah Ten Commandments Phonecians Myceneans
    Indus Civilization:
    Indus R.
  • 10. Search Results For Entire - Encyclopædia Britannica
    posidonius of rhodes Biographical sketch of this Greek philosopher, consideredthe most learned man of his time and, possibly, of the entire Stoic school.
    http://www.britannica.com/search?query=entire&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT

    11. Search Results For Stoics - Encyclopædia Britannica
    , posidonius of rhodes Biographical sketch of this Greek philosopher, consideredthe most learned man of his time and, possibly, of the entire Stoic school.
    http://www.britannica.com/search?query=stoics&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&start=8&show=10

    12. Mathem_abbrev
    Francesca, Piero della Francesca Pisano, Leonardo Fibonacci Planck, Max Plato Playfair,John Pontryagin, Lev Porphyry of Malchus posidonius of rhodes Post, Emil
    http://www.pbcc.cc.fl.us/faculty/domnitcj/mgf1107/mathrep1.htm
    Mathematician Report Index Below is a list of mathematicians. You may choose from this list or report on a mathematician not listed here. In either case, you must discuss with me the mathematician you have chosen prior to starting your report. No two students may write a report on the same mathematician. I would advise you to go to the library before choosing your topic as there might not be much information on the mathematician you have chosen. Also, you should determine the topic early in the term so that you can "lock-in" your report topic!! The report must include: 1. The name of the mathematician. 2. The years the mathematician was alive. 3. A biography. 4. The mathematician's major contribution(s) to mathematics and an explanation of the importance. 5. A historical perspective during the time the mathematician was alive.
    Some suggestions on the historical perspective might be:
    (a) Any wars etc.
    (b) Scientific breakthroughs of the time
    (c) Major discoveries of the time
    (d) How did this mathematician change history etc.

    13. Northvegr - Germanic Sources
    Pliny the Elder (Caius Plinius) Pliny the Younger, (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) Plutarch Pompeius Trogus posidonius of rhodes Priscus Of Panium
    http://www.northvegr.org/lore/germanic/index.php
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    We at Northvegr are very happy to be able to post this compilation of source literature concerning the Germanic peoples. Many thanks go to Rick Riedlinger whose dedication and hard work brings this valuable resource to the internet public. Rick can be contacted at: heathensailor@mobiletel.com
    Prepared for the web by Alfta Svanni Lothursdottir.
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    14. Northvegr - Germanic Sources
    ** Pompeius Trogus, (Cnaeus) 61 (!) ** posidonius of rhodes (c. 13550 BCE) Syrianphilosopher, devoted to Germany the thirtieth of his fifty-two books of
    http://www.northvegr.org/lore/germanic/p.php
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    Pacatus
    Panegyric to the Emperor Theodosius : Translated with notes and introduction by C.E.V.NIXON, Macquarie University. TTH3, 122pp, 8.50, ISBN 0-85323-076- 5 (currently out of print)
    Pactus Legis Salicae (Salian Law) sixth-century Frankish law still had a special fine for the theft of sacrificial boars Pactus Legis Salicae 2. 16
    Panegyric: In Honour of Constanius , XXXIV;
    By the year 350, both the Saxons and the Franks became mercenaries fighting for and against the Romans. Julian (later emperor) described them as the fiercest of the tribes who lived beyond the Rhine; Vol 001 (November 1991) Verso Books; ISBN: 086091559X
    Paterculus, Gaius Velleius Roman History : served as army officer on the Rhine frontier after defeat of Varus in 9 CE. The Germans inspired fear and terror at this time. He called the Germans inhuman savages, feri ; This was an extreme view of one who encountered Germans in crisis but this viewpoint is echoed in other sources at later dates. The Germans were seen as tall ferocious northerners, a dire threat even to the best army of the ancient world. Giving a brief account of the Varus disaster, Paterculus' passage lays blame for the disaster very much on Varus and gives the names of two of his senior officers;

    15. OML: Neptune's Realm: Currents
    limited to specific regions) are affected by astrological, or lunar, events was realizedas early as the first century BC by posidonius of rhodes and affirmed
    http://www.usm.maine.edu/maps/exhibit8/nrcurr.html
    Charting Neptune's Realm The Enigma of Currents In the sixteenth, and well into the seventeenth century, the course of ocean currents was virtually unknown. But as European ships left the familiar shores of continental Europe and their trade routes in the Mediterranean to venture out into the Sea of Darkness, or Great Green Sea of Gloom, as Arab geographers called the Atlantic Ocean, they encountered great rivers within the seathe ocean currents. With an ever increasing number of expeditions to discover new lands and a sea route to the East Indies, mariners slowly accumulated new knowledge of these currents. Gradually, general patterns began to emerge. William Bourne, in his A Regiment for the Sea (1580), describes how the Portuguese in sailing toward the East Indies kept away from the westward setting Agulhas current off Cabo bone sperance (Cape of Good Hope) by sailing a hundred or a hundred and fifty leagues south of the Cape. On the return trip they made use of this self-same current to speed their passage by sailing close to the Cape. When they entered the northern Atlantic, mariners avoided the contrary setting Canary Current, and the Northeast Tradewinds, by making a wide sweep to the northwest until halfway to America, before setting a final course homeward. The Spanish also gained knowledge of this invisible mover of shipsthe great clockwise gyre of water in the North Atlantic. On their way to the West Indies, Spanish ships sailed south past the Canary Islands, then turned west to take advantage of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current. Returning, they sailed north with the Florida Current (between the Bahamas and Florida) to higher latitudes, then headed homeward. Christopher Columbus followed this route on his voyages, but he attributed the favorable eastward set of the Gulf Stream to the effect of tides, rather than recognizing it as part of the continuous circle of current in the North Atlantic.

    16. HERMAGORAS
    His chief opponent was posidonius of rhodes, who is said to have contendedwith him in argument in the presence of Pompey (Plutarch, Porn pey, 42).
    http://27.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HE/HERMAGORAS.htm
    HERMAGORAS
    HERMAGORAS See Strabo xiii. p. 621; Cicero, Dc inventione, i. 6. 8, Brutus, 76, 263. 78, 271; Quintilian, Instit. iii. 1. 16, 3. 9, If. 22; C. W. Piderit, De Hermagora rhetore (1839); G. Thiele, Ilermagoras Em Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rhetorik (1893). HERMAE HERMANDAD

    17. Delv.co.uk: St. Louis Post-dispatch Websites In The UK
    Giovanni Della (409*) posidonius of rhodes (908*) Post , Emil(1939*) Potapov , Vladimir (577*) Poussin Mathematics and
    http://www.delv.co.uk/kqry/st. louis post-dispatch
    search Town/County Add delv.co.uk to my Favourites Make delv.co.uk my Home Page
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    document.cookie="metasearch=3695736842.20480.0000"; st louis Cheap Flights From UK Airports. 20% Discount Available. (aff) sponsored by http://www.price-paradise.com/flights/ (MetaSearch Picks) Find St Louis on eBay.co.uk Buy and sell collectables on eBay.co.uk, the UK's online marketplace. sponsored by http://www.ebay.co.uk (Overture) Looking for Post Jobs? Find it at CWJobs Find hundreds of quality IT and computer careers with the UK's IT job specialists, CWJobs. Register online and upload your CV in minutes sponsored by http://www.cwjobs.co.uk (Mirago) CNNSI.com - SI Online - Pat Kirwan - Inside the NFL - CNNSI.com's Pat Kirwan: St. Louis will again hoist Lombardi ...
    End of the line On Sunday, St. Louis will again hoist Lombardi Trophy Posted: Thursday January 31, 2002 1:01 PM. This game features a matchup between the great offensive mind of Mike Martz against the great defensive mind of Bill Belichick in a battle of wits and tactics. These two coaches are ...
    http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/inside_game/pat_kirwan/news/2002/ ...

    18. Euclid - Books I-IX
    of mathematics, and also wrote, about 7367 BC, a not less comprehensive commentaryon the meteorological textbook of his teacher posidonius of rhodes.
    http://www.headmap.org/unlearn/euclid/before/proclus.htm

    19. Map - Southern Italy In The 3rd Century B.C.
    It was the calculation made by posidonius of rhodes (b. ca. 135 BC), however,that had been accepted by Columbus, as it had also been by Ptolemy.
    http://www.roangelo.net/valente/samnium.html
    Home Search Site Map Valente and DiRenzo Family History - Historical Background Maps - 3rd Century B.C. Roman Italy
    The Roman Republic and Southern Italy in 264 B.C.
    On this page ... Map Source: the map above is based on map 23 titled "Italy Before the First Punic War 264 B.C." drawn by Berit Lee in Historical Atlas of the World (Edinburgh, 1970; original edition: Oslo, 1962).
    Notes about Ancient Italy
    (Warning: much of what follows is only my opinions, and I am not an historian. The sources for these notes are cited, where remembered. Last revised: November 2002, with minor changes after that.)
    At the time of this map, Roman territory extended northwards about 125 miles from Asculum (Ascoli Piceno) to just beyond Florentia (Florence) and ended in the south at the Strait of Messana (Messina). Both the islands of Sardinia and Corsica were Carthaginian territory. Neapolis (Naples) and the nearby island of Pithecussa (Ischia) were Greek colonies.

    20. Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary: Ard-Asr, Theosophical University Press
    Asclepiadotus Greek general, pupil of Stoic posidonius of rhodes (d. 51 BC), who reproduced chemically the deleterious exhalations of the sacred grotto.
    http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/etgloss/ard-asr.htm
    E ncyclopedic Theosophical Glossary: Ard-Asr EDITORS' NOTE: This electronic version of the Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary is presented to the public as a work in progress. The manuscript, produced originally in the 1930s and '40s, is currently being revised and expanded by the Editorial Committee. Theosophical University Press is presenting this working version online because, even in its present unfinished form, we feel that the contents will be of value to students of theosophical literature, particularly of the works of H. P. Blavatsky. The manuscript will be updated periodically. Comments, corrections, and suggestions are welcome; please send to eglossary@theosociety.org NB Quick links: Aa-Adh Adi-Ag Ah-Al Am-Ani ... List of Abbreviations
    Ard-Asr
    Ardan See ERIDANUS Ardeshan Ardeshir Babagan Revisor and translator of the Zend-avesta Ardhamatra (Sanskrit) [from ardha half + matra a metrical unit] Half a short syllable; the Nadabindu-Upanishad in speaking of Aum says that the syllable or character A is considered to be Kalahamsa's right wing; U, the left wing; M, the tail of the Swan, and the ardhamatra its head (cf VS 5, 74-5). In the Mahabharata kalahamsa is the name of several species of the hamsa bird, a goose or swan. Ardhamatra is a mystical term for one of the portions of the swan of time Brahma or the manifest or Third Logos of the universe, whose emanation or creative activity is hamsa-vahana (the vehicle or carrier of the swan). Ardhamatra, therefore, has reference to the egoic individuality of the cosmic Third Logos or Brahma (also called Purusha), considered to be "one-half the measure" of the eternal past and the eternal future such egoic individuality being the product in space and time of the continuously reimbodying spirit of the universe, evolving and changing its nature by evolution as the cycles of time pass from the present into the past, and forwards into the future.

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