61. Greek Democracy Hypatia Hypsicles Leucippus Marinus of Neapolis Menaechmus Menelaus Nicomachus NicomedesOenopides of Chios Pappus Perseus philon of byzantium Plato Proclus http://lilt.ilstu.edu/connections/greek_democracy.htm

The Democratic foundation established by the ancient Greeks Abstract: Our integrated project blends the subjects of math and history. Since two of our group members never bothered to show up these are the only two subjects we will be covering, with the two history majors focusing on religion and government respectively. The math portion will focus on famous Greek mathematicians. With the help of a special education major, we will alter the plan to cater to the needs of special needs students. I plan to use the week to explain how the ancient Greeks introduced a democratic form of government. This was a revolutionary form of rule in a world of dictators and tyrants. Throughout the week the class will learn about the origins of Greek democracy and its prominent figures. We will then compare and contrast the Greek form of democracy to the one used in our own government. We will also be discussing the possible reasons why democracy failed in Greece and if it seems possible for the United States to suffer the same fate. Names and Majors of the Team Members: Clint Shewmaker- History Education Brandon Schoenman- History Education Jose Gonzalez- Mathematics Education Tom Witschi- Special Education Subjects Integrated: History/ Government: The Democratic foundation established by the ancient Greeks History: Greek Gods Math: The Mathematical foundations that was built by the Greeks Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, participating students will be able to note five key similarities between the ancient Greek democracy and the democracy of the United States.

62. ABC Online Forum Among them were Ctesibius, Hipparchus of Samos, philon of byzantium, and thecelebrated Hero of Alexandria whose fame lasted until the Renaissance. http://www2b.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/archives/archive50/newposts/316/topic3162

From: Layman Subject: Industrial Revolution / Steam age 50B.C.E. post id: 316237 In the SBS Doco the other night the Narrator posed the Question : “What if Hero had taken the next step ( and been successful ) in experimentation and combined his steam power with his pistons ?” Could we have had an industrial revolution in 50.BCE ? What socio-political constraints would have prevented it then , but not in the18th century ? Metallurgy was certainly advanced enough to support moderate pressure boilers , were construction techniques ( rivets ,solder etc. ) ? With the extra 1500 years head start could we be on our way to the stars by now ? If not , why not ? *slaughters rubber chicken to the html god(ess)* From: Layman Subject: re: Industrial Revolution / Steam age 50B.C.E. post id: 316254 http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/hero/108,77.jpg http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/hero/72,50.jpg 2000Y.O. Traction engines *tosses spent chicken into corner whilst glaring balefully to the heavens* From: Bubblecar Subject: re: Industrial Revolution / Steam age 50B.C.E.

63. No. 308: The Last Wonder Of The World The 2ndcentury BC Hellenistic engineer philon of byzantium wrote a tract calledDe Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi308.htm

No. 308: THE LAST WONDER OF THE WORLD by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 308. Today, we look at the first and last wonder of the world. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. W e use the words "Eighth Wonder of the World" to name each new engineering marvel that comes down the road bridges, ships, and rockets. Maybe it's time to look back at the original Wonders. The 2nd-century BC Hellenistic engineer Philon of Byzantium wrote a tract called De Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the World . He listed: The Lighthouse at Alexandria The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Colossus of Rhodes The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus The Great Pyramid of Cheops So the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are correctly those and those alone. They were marvels, of course. The great 150-foot bronze Colossus standing astride the jetties of Rhodes must have been daunting indeed. Yet Philon's list did by no means include the definitive great works for all time. They were the seven grandest works that he could identify in 150 BC. The Colossus lasted only 56 years before it was brought down by an earthquake. All Philon actually saw of it was bronze rubble.

64. 280 BC - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia the Moon to estimate that the Moon s radius is onethird that of theEarth. Achaean League refounded. Births philon of byzantium. http://www.peacelink.de/keyword/280_BC.php

Not logged in Log in Help 280 BC This is NOT the Wikipedia - The content is from the Wikipedia Centuries 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC ... 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC ... 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC ... 275 BC Events Battle of Heraclea : The Greeks , led by Pyrrhus of Epirus , defeat with severe casualties a Roman army the first time these cultures meet in battle. Aristarchus uses the size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon to estimate that the Moon's radius is one-third that of the Earth. Achaean League refounded. Births Philon of Byzantium Deaths Herophilus Seleucus I Nicator What links here Related changes ... Recent changes This page has been accessed 99 times. This page was last modified 22:15, 15. Jul 2003. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details). . Wikipedia is powered by MediaWiki , an open source wiki engine. Main Page Random page Discuss this page Special pages Impressum

65. Ancient Fortifications And Artillery Hero of Alexandria and philon of byzantium (both 3 rd century BC) left behind writingsabout catapult design and construction that have survived to this day. http://www.dragonridge.com/stories/Ancient_Fortification_Artillery.html

A Survey of Ancient Fortification and Artillery Technology By Peter Lok Introduction Fortification walls were built to protect cities and towns. Defensive walls protected the defenders and kept attackers out at a large disadvantage. This development began an arms race that lasted until modern gun artillery was developed, effectively rendering large walls obsolete. After fortification walls were developed, the advantage lay with the defender. The best way to take a defensive wall is to not have to fight for it. The fifth column approach via spies, bribes, traitors, or guile is still the best approach. The weakest part of any security is always the human being in the chain. Phillip II of Macedon's favourite method of taking a city was to see if gold could bring the walls down. Using the Trojan Horse to gain entrance to Troy is the classic story of subterfuge when it was clear the city could not be taken by force. The Mongol's also used fear to cause some cities to throw open their gates without a fight after they made examples of cities that resisted their might. If other methods fail to take the defences, the attacker must either scale the wall, knock a hole in the wall or gate, or besiege the defenders until they surrendered. Siege artillery and engines were then developed to assist in penetrating these walls. Supplies from going in or out.

66. The Art Of Invention - Bibliography Translate this page philon of byzantium, 1899. Pneumatica, in Opera quae supersunt, edited by W.Schmidt, I, Leipzig, pp. 1-333. philon of byzantium, 1974. Pneumatica. http://w3.impa.br/~jair/ebibli.html

Finmeccanica Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy The Science Museum, London Mechanical Marvels - Entrance Bibliography Adams N., 1984. "Architecture for fish: the Sienese dam on the Bruna river. Structures and design, 1468-ca.1530", Technology and culture , XXV, 4, pp. 768-97. Adams N., 1985. "The life and times of Pietro dell'Abaco, a Renaissance estimator from Siena (active 1457-1486)", , XLVIII, 1, pp. 384-95. Alberti L.B., 1966. L'architettura , edited by G. Orlandi, introduction and notes by P. Portoghesi, Milan. Angelini A., 1993. "Senesi a Urbino", in Francesco di Giorgio , 19931, pp. 332-45. Angelucci A., 1869-1870. Documenti inediti per la storia delle armi da fuoco italiane... , 2 vols., Turin (facsim. ed. Graz 1972). Ascheri M., 1985. Siena nel Rinascimento. Istituzioni e sistema politico , Siena. Ascheri M., 1989. "Siena nel Quattrocento: una riconsiderazione", in K. Christiansen, L.B. Kanter, C. Brandonstrehlke, La pittura senese nel Rinascimento , Cinisello Balsamo, pp. xix-lvi.

67. BGreek: "Englished" Version Of PEIRAZW Text 1.495; 246; 3.10), the technological writer philon of byzantium Philo Mechanichus(Belopoecia 50.34; 51.9), and by the author (PseudoCallisthenes) of the http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/test-archives/html4/1997-07/19670.html

"Englished" Version of PEIRAZW text From: Jeffrey Gibson ( jgibson@acfsysv.roosevelt.edu Date: Sat Jul 05 1997 - 11:40:32 EDT Next message: BillCombs@aol.com: "EIS TO + Infinitive" Previous message: Lemuel G. Abarte: "OUK ESTIN SOU ANHR again" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... [ attachment ] Mail actions: [ respond to this message ] [ mail a new topic ] List Members As will be known by list members who have taken the time to look through my recent posting on the use and meaning of PEIRAZW/EKPEIRAZW, this posting contained many sections of Greek text which I had not transliterated and which consequently (given how my server turns Greek into garbage) were virtually unreadable. I therefore inadvertently made useless (if not downright irritating and confusing) something I intended to be helpful in providing the data necessary for answering Jonathan's question of the meaning of PEIRASMOS in Matt 6:13//Lk. 11:4. Since then I have taken the time to transliterate all of these sections, and at the suggestion of Carl Conrad and Edward Hobbs and

68. 280 BC :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus; Seleucus I Nicator. This contentfrom encyclopedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/2/28/280_bc.html

Quantum Physics Pampered Chef Paintball Guns Cell Phone Reviews ... Science Articles 280 BC Online Encyclopedia Centuries 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC ... 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC ... 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC ... 275 BC Events Battle of Heraclea: The Greeks , led by Pyrrhus of Epirus , defeat with severe casualties a Roman army the first time these cultures meet in battle. Aristarchus uses the size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon to estimate that the Moon's radius is one-third that of the Earth. Achaean League refounded. Births Philon of Byzantium Deaths Herophilus Seleucus I Nicator This content from wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Power Supplies Hardware Information Law Advice

69. ÇÔÒØ . Îáùåíèå . Ôîðóìû . Îñíîâíîé ôîðóì point for the given angle. The line is name after philon of byzantium,an ancient Greek engineer. This problem was devised by Philo http://www.school.mipt.ru/Forum.asp?MsgID=648

70. 280 BC - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Achaean League refounded. Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus; SeleucusI Nicator. All content Copyright 2003 PhatNav and Diagonal Media Group Inc. http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=280_BC

71. Encyclopedia4U - 280 BC - Encyclopedia Article Moon to estimate that the Moon s radius is onethird that of the Earth.Achaean League refounded. Births philon of byzantium. Deaths http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/2/280-bc.html

ENCYCLOPEDIA U com Lists of articles by category ... Encyclopedia Home Page SEARCH : 280 BC Centuries 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC ... 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC ... 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC ... 275 BC Events Battle of Heraclea: The Greeks , led by Pyrrhus of Epirus , defeat with severe casualties a Roman army the first time these cultures meet in battle. Aristarchus uses the size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon to estimate that the Moon's radius is one-third that of the Earth. Achaean League refounded. Births Philon of Byzantium Deaths Herophilus Seleucus I Nicator Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Privacy This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License . It uses material from the Wikipedia article " 280 BC

72. 4Reference || 280 BC Achaean League refounded. Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus.Seleucus I Nicator. This article courtesy of Wikipedia. This http://www.4reference.net/encyclopedias/wikipedia/280_BC.html

Front Page Encyclopedias Dictionaries Almanacs ... Quotes 280 BC Centuries 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC ... 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC ... 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC ... 275 BC Events Battle of Heraclea: The Greeks , led by Pyrrhus of Epirus , defeat with severe casualties a Roman army the first time these cultures meet in battle. Aristarchus uses the size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon to estimate that the Moon's radius is one-third that of the Earth. Achaean League refounded. Births Philon of Byzantium Deaths Herophilus Seleucus I Nicator This article courtesy of Wikipedia . This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. GFDL: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html

73. Executive Toy The first executive toy was probably a gadget designed by the great mathematicianand engineer philon of byzantium (about 280 BC about 220 BC). http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/executive_toy

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Executive toy An executive toy is a useless, but stylish and funny accessory usually placed on the desk of a corporate executive. The best known are Kinetic Balls, where a bunch of balls are suspended from above, one is pulled from the rest and kicks them, transferring the kinetic energy to the last one. Perpetual pendulum, a pendulum that doesn't stop thanks to an electric magnet in the base of the toy Pin Art, a box with thousands of small pins of equal length inserted into a board, that can be pressed from one side with any object so that other ends of the pins form the same object on the other side of the board. The first executive toy was probably a gadget designed by the great mathematician and engineer Philon of Byzantium (about 280 BC - about 220 BC). It was an octagon-shaped ink pot with openings on each side. One could turn the pot so that any face is on top and dip the pen in the opening, but the ink never ran out through the holes on other sides. The inkwell was suspended in the centre on a series of gimbals and remained stationary in spite of any rotation.

74. The Philoís Line the point for the given angle. The line is name after philon of byzantium,an ancient Greek engineer. This problem was devised by http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~cs507/projects/1998/simonpie/

The Philon's Line The Transversal "AB" drawn through a given point "P" within a given angle "RCS" so that the sides of the angle intercept on the transversal a segment of minimum length has become known as the Philo Line (or Philon Line) of the point for the given angle. The line is name after Philon of Byzantium , an ancient Greek engineer. This problem was devised by Philo as a reduction to the duplication of the cube problem, and because of this link to this famous problem, it has excited interest over the ages. Initial proposition of the Philo line. Unimodality of the Philo line. Caracterisation of the Philo line. References [1] Howard Eves, Scripta Mathematica , vol.26, 1959, pp. 141-148 [2] Sir Thomas L. Heath, A Manual of Greek Mathematics , Oxford University Press, 1963, pp.262-264 [3] B. Bhattacharya and G. Toussaint, Computing Shortest Transversals , Computing, vol. 46, 1991, pp 93-119 [4] Coxeter and Van de Craats, Philon Lines In Non-Euclidean Planes , Journal of Geometry, vol. 48, 1993, pp 26-55 [5] David Hounshell, Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.

75. Nat'l Academies Press, Digital People: (2004), 3 The Real History Of Artificial Two Greek artificers in particular, philon of byzantium (the an cientname forTurkey) and Heron of Alexandria, were especially pro- lific. http://books.nap.edu/books/0309089875/html/51.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Digital People: From Bionic Humans to Androids Joseph Henry Press ( JHP The views expressed in this book are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academies. CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii 1 Introduction: Androids All Around Us, pp. 1-14 PART I: ARTIFICIAL BEINGS 2 The Virtual History of Artifi..., pp. 15-50 3 The Real History of Artificial Beings, pp. 51-84 4 We Have Always Been Bionic, pp. 85-102 PART II: HOW FAR ALONG ARE WE? 5 Mind-Body Problems, pp. 103-122 6 Limbs, Movement, and Expression, pp. 123-146 7 The Five Senses, and Beyond, pp. 147-172 8 Thinking, Emotion, and Self-Awareness, pp. 173-198 9 Frankenstein’s Creature or Commander Data?, pp. 199-219 Suggested Reading, pp. 220-224 Filmography, pp. 225-226

76. Nat'l Academies Press, Digital People: (2004), Index 135 Nanocyborgs, 194 Penrose, Roger, 115 Nanotechnology, advances in, 10 Pentiumchips, 185­186 Napier, John, 134­135 philon of byzantium, 53 Napoleon, 60 http://books.nap.edu/books/0309089875/html/229.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Digital People: From Bionic Humans to Androids Joseph Henry Press ( JHP The views expressed in this book are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academies. CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii 1 Introduction: Androids All Around Us, pp. 1-14 PART I: ARTIFICIAL BEINGS 2 The Virtual History of Artifi..., pp. 15-50 3 The Real History of Artificial Beings, pp. 51-84 4 We Have Always Been Bionic, pp. 85-102 PART II: HOW FAR ALONG ARE WE? 5 Mind-Body Problems, pp. 103-122 6 Limbs, Movement, and Expression, pp. 123-146 7 The Five Senses, and Beyond, pp. 147-172 8 Thinking, Emotion, and Self-Awareness, pp. 173-198 9 Frankenstein’s Creature or Commander Data?, pp. 199-219 Suggested Reading, pp. 220-224 Filmography, pp. 225-226

77. NASA Not To Comment On Movie no time flat. Hey, Thanks for the thoughtful response and the references.I ve actually read philon of byzantium. Alas, he doesn http://www.astronomy-chat.com/astronomy/NASA_not_to_comment_on_movie_631198.html

astronomy-chat.com Promoting astronomy discussion. Main Date: 29 Apr 2004 16:28:15 From: Richard Subject: NASA not to comment on movie A movie called "The Day after Tomorrow" is coming that explores the myth called Global Warming. NASA scientists ordered not to discuss sci-fi flick New York Times Date: 29 Apr 2004 23:32:51 From: Rod Mollise Subject: Re: NASA not to comment on movie HI Rich: Why did you post it, then, pray tell? As for me, the tragedy is the politicizing of NASA...not that that's anything new. Peace, Rod Mollise Like SCTs and MCTs? Check-out sct-user, the mailing list for CAT fanciers! Date: 29 Apr 2004 23:56:54 From: Chris L Peterson Subject: Re: NASA not to comment on movie On 29 Apr 2004 16:28:15 -0700, rander3127@rogers.com (Richard) wrote: Global warming is as close to a fact as any observation can get. How much of it is driven my man-made effects remains less certain, although nearly all researchers agree that at least some component is anthropogenic. It seems like you are the one trying to politicize science here.

78. As Sete Maravilhas Do Mundo Antigo - Mistérios Antigos philon de byzantium, a estátua de Zeus olímpico, o Colosso de Rhodes, o trabalho poderoso http://www.misteriosantigos.com/as7.htm

As Sete Maravilhas do Mundo Antigo Minúsculos chips de computadores, satélites de telecomunicações, viagens espaciais, lentes de contato, Internet, telefones celulares, ressonância magnética nuclear, TV a cabo, Projeto Genoma, videoconferências de qualquer ponto do planeta, engenharia genética... Sem dúvida nenhuma, os avanços tecnológicos conseguidos após quase 2.000 anos da Era Cristã, em todas as áreas onde o ser humano atua, pode ser considerado assombroso. Uma maravilha, até. Entretanto, sem contar com todo o arsenal tecnológico acumulado para se conseguir concretizar idéias que traduzem avanço, já no início da história o homem realizou obras que causariam igual assombro: as chamadas Maravilhas do Mundo ou Maravilhas da Antigüidade , na Foram os gregos, provavelmente entre os anos 150 e 120 a.C., os primeiros a listar os monumentos erigidos até então pelas mãos do homem que se destacavam pela sua grandeza, suntuosidade e magnitude. Chamaram o conjunto deles de "Ta hepta Thaemata", ou seja, "as sete coisas dignas de serem vistas" - as sete maravilhas do mundo. Apesar da lista ser grega, apenas uma das obras situava-se na Grécia: a

79. Deutsches Museum - Machine Components Aristotle referred to gears as early as 330 BC Mention of the first practical useof gears may be found in the writings of philon from byzantium (around 230 BC http://www.deutsches-museum.de/ausstell/dauer/masch/e_masch1.htm

Machine components Introduction Gears and power transmissions Cylindrical, bevel and worm gears Self-locking differential gear, harmonic-Drive Gears Aristotle referred to gears as early as 330 B.C. Mention of the first practical use of gears may be found in the writings of Philon from Byzantium (around 230 B.C.). Bevel gear Gears transmit torque (turning force) without slip. The rotary speed is usually modified. Spur gears are cylindrical and transmit torque (motion) between parallel shafts. Bevel gears have a conical shape and transmit torque between perpendicular shafts. Simple gears are straight toothed wheels. The teeth on helical gears and bevel gears are set at an angle and are thus able to transmit more power. The optimal curvature of the tooth flanks for the teeth to engage was calculated by Leonhard Euler in 1750. Aristoteles erwähnt Zahnräder bereits um 330 v. Chr. Philon aus Byzanz (um 230 v. Chr.) ist der erste, von dem praktische Anwendungen bekannt sind. Power transmission assemblies Power transmissions and driving gears are assemblies of moving components, which modify the speed and torque between two shafts.

80. HISTORICA.pl Nie ma dowodów w to, ze powstaly inne egzemplarze tej machiny prócz prototypowego,a philon z byzantium otwarcie watpil w to, ze taka machina mogla http://www.historica.pl/index.php3?wiecej=125001

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