21. The Philon Line philon of byzantium (circa 100 AD) worked on trying to duplicate the cube (constructa cube with volume equal to twice the volume of a given cube) using only a http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research/philon.html

"Well begun is half done." - Aristotle This page is still under construction. Philon of Byzantium (circa 100 A.D.) worked on trying to duplicate the cube (construct a cube with volume equal to twice the volume of a given cube) using only a straight edge and compass. Since he could not find a direct solution he kept searching for problems that were equivalent in the sense that one could construct the solution to one problem from the solution to the other by means of the straight edge and compass. Constructing the Philon line (as it is now known) is one such equivalent problem that he discovered. He could not find a solution to the Philon line problem either. During the past 2000 years many of the giants of computing science, including Newton, tried to solve Philon's problem with straight edge and compass without success. It was only one hundred years ago, using algebra, that this was shown to be impossible. History and various solutions to the problem of doubling the cube. Research Interests Homepage

22. Research Interests Similarity of Melodies. History of Computing The Collapsing Compass(Euclid of Alexandria) The Philon Line (philon of byzantium) http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research.html

"Everything should be made as simple as possible but not simpler." - Albert Einstein "Simplicity is embarrasing when you have to work for months to achieve it." - Kary Mullis Computational Geometry: Proofs and Refutations in Geometry Mobility of Objects in Space (Robotics, Linkages, Polymer Physics and Protein Folding) Visualization Avoiding Algorithm-Induced Degeneracies Quadrangulations in Mesh Generation Geometric Tomography ... Convexity Theory and Unimodality Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: Document Analysis Detecting Structure in Dot Patterns Nearest Neighbor Classification (Prototype Selection in Instance-Based Learning) Shape Hulls Computational Music Theory: A Geometric approach to Binary and Ternary Afro-Cuban Clave-Bell Patterns Combinatorial and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhythms Rhythm Segmentation The Complexity of Rhythm Rhythm Generation Similarity of Melodies History of Computing: The Collapsing Compass (Euclid of Alexandria) The Philon Line (Philon of Byzantium) Homepage

23. Working Water An earlier Greek inventor, philon of byzantium (3rd century BC), tells us that thedrive shaft was facetted (polygonal, not circular, in crosssection), and http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/MOLsite/learning/features_facts/roman_london_4.

Home Roman London / Working Water Sitemap Help Home General ... User survey Email to a friend Half a million years of history for you to discover Working Water enlarge image Testing a prototype wheel: Engineer Tony Taylor (left) monitors the rate of discharge, 2002 EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY A dig at 30 Gresham Street in London unearthed long sections of a Roman bucket-chain for lifting water. From these sections we were able to build a working water-lifting device. But how did we go from these fragments to the reconstruction of a complete machine? What the ancient writers say The Roman architect Vitruvius, who wrote between BC31 and AD14, was clearly familiar with machines like the London one. He says that if engineers need to raise water from a deep well a double iron chain will be set up ... with buckets suspended from it. Thus the turning of the wheel ... will carry the buckets to the top, and as they are borne over the wheel, they will necessarily ... pour the water into a reservoir. An earlier Greek inventor, Philon of Byzantium (3rd century BC), tells us that the drive shaft was facetted (polygonal, not circular, in cross-section), and that the chain links were shaped to fit the facets. Vitruvius and other Graeco-Roman engineers have provided descriptions of the treadwheels and other devices that were used to power machinery of this type. Other archaeological finds Astonishingly, the Gresham Street bucket-chain that was used for the reconstruction is one of just four discovered in London. But not only is it the most complete, it is the most sophisticated - and probably the latest in date, having been constructed in, or shortly after, AD108-9. Another chain was found in a smaller, earlier well on the Gresham Street site itself; a second just to the south by a public bath-house; and a third on the north bank of the Thames near London Bridge. No other Roman bucket-chains have been found outside the Mediterranean.

24. Antipater (disambiguation) - Encyclopedia Article About Antipater He and the mathematician and engineer philon of byzantium (born about 280 BC in Byzantium,present Turkey) are known as the most famous observers of the Seven http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Antipater (disambiguation)

25. The UnMuseum - Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World Antipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium, drew up two of the most wellknownlists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items. http://www.unmuseum.org/wonders.htm

The Great Pyramid of Egypt The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus ... The Lighthouse of Alexandria As a bonus, try visiting some marvels that might have made the list a top ten, but didn't: The Tower of Babel Stonehenge Sphinx Special Features MAP PAGE Time Traveller Tours Post Office Time Traveller Tours , in association with the Museum of Unnatural Mystery, invites you to embark on the ultimate luxury vacation through space and time... See the famous Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: Walk through the lush Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Climb the great Lighthouse at Alexandria. Stand before the immense statue of Zeus at Olympia. Marvel at the beauty of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus... Seven Days! Seven Nights! Seven Wonders! Seven Star Hotels!

26. Ryze Business Networking Dear all, In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of human civilization smost masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as http://n7w-network.ryze.com/

Home About Ryze Not yet a Ryze member? Click Here to Join Ryze and the New 7 Wonders of the World Network Existing Ryze members: Sign in here Welcome to the New 7 Wonders of the World network. please get a Ryze account and contact me again. It is worth it!!! New 7 Wonders of the World Message Board Post New Message Search Archives Partners wanted Lars Hinrichs Dear all, In 200 B.C., Philon of Byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the 'Seven Wonders of the World' - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Light Tower of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Pyramids of Egypt. However, these sites are buildings and sculptures belonging exclusively to the Ancient World and were all constructed more than 2000 years ago, and only one, the Pyramids of Gize, still exists. We have adopted Philon's ancient concept not to replace these 'Seven Wonders of the World' but to take the decision making process out of the hands of an individual and place it into the hands of the world's citizens. A global consultation shall conclude which architectural constructions shall be recognised as the New 7 Wonders of the World. So far we have 13'745'976 votes cast. And want to bring this to 300 Million votes. If you have ideas in order to *promote* N7W please let us know.

27. New 7 Wonders - Origin In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of human civilization s most masterfularchitectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the Seven http://www.new7wonders.com/ancient.php

Project Vote Candidates Origin ... Statistics 578 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE The Ancient 7 Wonders Of The World In 200 B.C., Philon of Byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the 'Seven Wonders of the World' - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt. However, these sites are buildings and sculptures that belong exclusively to the Ancient World. All of them were constructed more than 2000 years ago, and it is only one, the Pyramid of Khufu, that still exists today. We have adopted Philon's ancient concept not to replace these 'Seven Wonders of the World' but to take the decision making process out of the hands of an individual and place it into the hands of the world's citizens. A global consultation is to determine which of the architectural constructions shall be recognised as the New 7 Wonders of the World. The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Temple of Artemis The Statue of Zeus The Colossus of Rhodes ... Pyramids of Egypt send an e-card to your friend The Singapore Discovery Centre supports N7W!

28. New 7 Wonders - Press New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. http://www.new7wonders.com/fr/faq.php

Projet Vote Candidats Origines ... Statistiques 578 Jour(s) restant avant la fin du vote Questions les plus fréquement posées 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? 2 Why do you continue with the number of 7? 3 Could you talk about the organization of the vote in detail? Including when it was established, its organizing structure, its members, the division of work) Is your organization official or non-governmental? What do the Swiss think of the vote? 4 When did the vote start? The deadline of the vote showed on your Chinese homepage is 31 Dec., 2001. Does it mean the vote has concluded or that it can be prolonged to the same date the next year? ... 20 Could you talk about your family? Do they support what you have done? Is the establishment of THE NEW 7 WONDERS SOCIETY your habit or your sole vocation? 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? It is a combination of my personal interest in architecture, a desire to circle our planet earth and to eventually create an ideal content for publishing an Imax-large screen documentary movie. New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the 7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by Philon of Byzantium in 200 BC. In many ways it can be compared to Pierre de Coubertin's initiative to revive the Greek Olympic games by starting the modern Olympics in 1896. It took me a lot of convincing myself to start this project, believe me! I only had a slight idea in what I was engaging.

29. Colossus Of Rhodes According to the book of philon of byzantium, 15 tons of bronze wereused and 9 tons of iron, though these numbers seem low. The http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Landmarks/Colossus.htm

Colossus of Rhodes The island of Rhodes was an important economic center in the ancient world. It is located off the southwestern tip of Asia Minor where the Aegean Sea meets the Mediterranean. The capitol city, also named Rhodes, was built in 408 BC and was designed to take advantage of the island's best natural harbor on the northern coast. The island of Rhodes, in the Eastern Mediterranean, was frequently attacked by navies of rival islands, and one siege by the Greeks in the end of the fourth century BC dragged on for a year before the Greeks finally abandoned their attack and left the citizens of Rhodes in peace. Wishing to celebrate this victory, the citizens of Rhodes chose to build a giant statue of Helos, their God of the Sun and protector. Using in part the bronze from weapons and hardware left by the Greeks, they commissioned a huge bronze sculpture, with a wooden structural support inside, that would stand over a hundred feet high. It was completed in 280 BC. The Statue, which was about 32 meters high was considered one of the seven wonders of the world stood for only a little more than 50 years before it was destroyed in an earthquake and laid with his face in the sand for centuries after. "Even as it lies," wrote Pliny, "it excites our wonder and admiration. Few men can clasp the thumb in their arms, and its fingers are larger than most statues. Where the limbs are broken asunder, vast caverns are seen yawning in the interior. Within it, too, are to be seen large masses of rock, by the weight of which the artist steadied it while erecting it." It is said that an Egyptian king offered to pay for its reconstruction, but the Rhodians refused. They feared that somehow the statue had offended the god Helios, who used the earthquake to throw it down. In the seventh century AD the Arabs conquered Rhodes and broke the remains of the Colossus up into smaller pieces and sold it as scrap metal. Legend says it took

30. Encyclopedia: 280 BC Births; philon of byzantium Deaths; Herophilus; Seleucus I Nicator. TheWikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/280-BC

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #34 Finns are perhaps the world's greatest athletes, ranked first at summer olympics and third in winter games. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: May 07, 2004 Encyclopedia : 280 BC Centuries 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC ... 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC ... 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC ... 275 BC Events Battle of Heraclea : The Greeks , led by Pyrrhus of Epirus , defeat with severe casualties a Roman army the first time these cultures meet in battle.

31. A Brief History Of Feedback Control - Chapter 1 flush toilet. A float regulator was used by philon of byzantium in250 to keep a constant level of oil in a lamp. During the first http://arri.uta.edu/acs/history.htm

This page hosted by Hypermart, the world's fastest growing business community! Return to Control Theory and Engineering Links Reprinted by permission from Chapter 1: Introduction to Modern Control Theory, in: F.L. Lewis, Applied Optimal Control and Estimation, Prentice-Hall, 1992. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FEEDBACK CONTROL Contents Outline A Brief History of Automatic Control Water Clocks of the Greeks and Arabs The Industrial Revolution The Millwrights Temperature Regulators Float Regulators Pressure Regulators Centrifugal Governors The Pendule Sympathique The Birth of Mathematical Control Theory Differential Equations Stability Theory System Theory Mass Communication and The Bell Telephone System Frequency-Domain Analysis The World Wars and Classical Control Ship Control Weapons Development and Gun Pointing M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory Stochastic Analysis The Classical Period of Control Theory The Space/Computer Age and Modern Control Time-Domain Design For Nonlinear Systems Sputnik - 1957 Navigation Optimality In Natural Systems Optimal Control and Estimation Theory Nonlinear Control Theory Computers in Controls Design and Implementation The Development of Digital Computers Digital Control and Filtering Theory The Personal Computer The Union of Modern and Classical Control The Philosophy of Classical Control The Philosophy of Modern Control References Outline In this chapter we introduce modern control theory by two approaches. First, a short history of automatic control theory is provided. Then, we describe the philosophies of classical and modern control theory.

32. The Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World The Temple Of Artemis There was no doubt that the temple was one of the most glorious structures in allthe world, so much so that philon of byzantium wrote, I have seen the walls http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/c/j/cjc179/artemis.html

33. Group 23 - Temple Of Artemis philon of byzantium wrote, I have seen the walls and Hanging Gardens of ancientBabylon, the statue of Olympian Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mighty work http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/n/x/nxp169/art2/7_7.html

34. Automata History 220BC philon of byzantium took the principals of pneumatics used bythe Egyptians to power many of his mechanical devises. He was http://www.automata.co.uk/History page.htm

The following is a short description of the history of automata. It can be broken down into 3 rough time frames, Ancient History, 15th-19th Century and Modern times. ANCIENT HISTORY The first Automata was created by GOD. According to Talmundic tradition, Adam was created in 5 hours. In the first, his dust was gathered from all parts of the world; In the second, it was kneaded into a shapeless mass (Golem); In the third, his limbs were shaped; In the fourth, a soul was infused into him; In the fifth, he arose and stood on his feet. "And God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." Genesis. Chapter II. Mythology has many stories about automata, some a wild and fanciful, others may have been based on fact. We can not say for sure what is fact or fiction, so what follows is a description of some of the more exciting reference to mythological automata which are based on accounts from the Ancient Greeks. Prometheus was reputed to have made the first man and women on earth, with clay animated by fire and stolen from heaven.

35. ThinkQuest : Library : The Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World poet named Antipater. Antipater was followed by others such as theGreek engineer and mathematician philon of byzantium. It is not http://library.thinkquest.org/18169/ov.htm

Index The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Pyramids of Giza. Most people came name a few of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Learn about all of them, plus take a quick refresher course on Greek mythology, all at the same site! There are also crossword puzzles and other games once you no longer wonder about the wonders. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Lisa Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Katherine Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Kelvin Anderson Junior College, Singapore Coaches Diane Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Teo Anderson Junior College, Singapore Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

36. ASC: Foundations: History: Timeline water clock. (ca. 270 BC); philon of byzantium uses a float regulatorto keep a constant level of oil in a lamp (ca. 250 BC); The http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/timeline.htm

Cybernetics ... "the science and art of understanding" - Humberto Maturana "interfaces hard competence with the hard problems of the soft sciences" - Heinz von Foerster AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CYBERNETICS We stand ASC HOME FOUNDATIONS History of Cybernetics on the shoulders of giants BACK: History A Timeline for the Evolution of Cybernetics ON THIS PAGE: Prehistory Historical Era The Future Other Relevant Timelines One good way of obtaining a historical overview of a discipline is to review a summary outline of its evolution. This page offers a summary timeline of events relevant to cybernetics. Unfortunately, assembling a linear timeline for cybernetics is not as straightforward as is the case for other disciplines. Cybernetics precipitated out of diverse threads of work fortuitously intersecting during the 1940's. In the ensuing decades, the themes circumscribing cybernetics' original definition diverged again to engender or facilitate the rise of an even greater diversity of fields, labels, and disciplines. The timeline below is derived from a number of reference sources. It is deliberately intended to reflect at least a sample of the many subjects and disciplines from which cybernetics descended and into which its themes subsequently flowed. In the early stages, this timeline focuses on the theme of control. As it approaches the 20th century, it begins to reflect developments in fields such as philosophy, biology, mathematics, etc.

37. Cybernetics Prehistory: Regulation In Machines A Greek named Ktesibios in Alexandria invented a float regulator for a water clockcirca 270 BC, and another Greek named philon of byzantium used a float http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/history/prehistory1.htm

Cybernetics ... "the science and art of understanding" - Humberto Maturana "interfaces hard competence with the hard problems of the soft sciences" - Heinz von Foerster AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CYBERNETICS We stand ASC HOME FOUNDATIONS Pre-History of Cybernetics on the shoulders of giants BACK: History THEME: Control and Regulation in Machines Learning about Regulation through Practical Applications Control and regulation were indeed focal topics in the research being done by the people who first defined the field. However, interest and work on these topics dates back as far as historical records permit us to see. The earliest tangible work on control was motivated by practical concerns. There were devices whose operation and maintenance could be simplified by imposing capacities for automatic regulation. We know that self-regulating devices were constructed far back in ancient times. A Greek named Ktesibios in Alexandria invented a float regulator for a water clock circa 270 BC, and another Greek named Philon of Byzantium used a float regulator to keep the level of oil in a lamp constant circa 250 BC. By the time of the first century AD, float regulators and similar devices had been employed for a variety of applications such as: self-closing cisterns, automatic wine dispensers, syphons to maintain constant water level differences between two vessels, and (semi-)automated operation of temple doors. For the next thousand years, such devices would continue to be designed to exploit physical phenomena such as water flow, buoyancy, and magnetism. Around 1100 AD a south-pointing compass was linked to the wheels of a chariot so as to keep the vehicle steered southward. During the European Dark Ages, more sophisiticated float regulators continued to be developed in the Arab Empire. By the 13th century Arab craftsmen had added rudimentary 'on/off' switching and refined float regulators to produce remarkably accurate clocks.

38. Zeus Heaven temple was easily twice as large as the Parthenon in Athens and had sculpted baseson each of it s 127, 20 meter high columns philon of byzantium writes of the http://zeus.heavengames.com/misc/7wonders/artemis.shtml

Patches Zeus Poseidon News Current news Archives Submit news Forums ... Gallery Game Info Zeus Walkthroughs Poseidon Walkthroughs Walkers Buildings ... Bugs? Scen Design General Overview Parent Cities Colonies Establishing Goals ... Beta Testing Links Fansites Reviews Previews Misc The Beauty of Rabble Housing Block Generator Poseidon Screens ... History Staff Jayhawk Reckless Rodent Granite Q Nero Would The Temple Artemis at Ephesus In what must be one my favourite sites in the Ancient World, Ephesus stood another of the Seven Wonders: The Temple of Artemis. The story goes that around 1100AD a crusader visited Ephesus and looking at the swampy village asked the locals where the bay was? The habour? Where the temple had gone? The locals looked at him and asked: "What temple?" And indeed, when I visited the ruins almost nine centuries later, the bay had silted up and the city of Ephesus was located some 3 kilometers inland, the old harbour buildings bordering a flat plain of rich loam. Almost 3,000 years ago, Ephesus was a small village in Asia Minor. It's inhabitants worshiped Artemis. This goddess wasn't the Greek virgin goddess of hunt, but an older earth mother type fertility goddess, who's statues carried a large necklace of what could be either eggs or....

39. Search Results For Byzantium - Encyclopædia Britannica , philon of byzantium University of St.Andrews Biography of this Turkish mathematicianknown for his contribution to the problem of duplicating the cube. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=byzantium&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&start=8&show=10

40. Seven Wonders Of The World --  Encyclopædia Britannica the 2ndcentury-BC writer Antipater of Sidon and of a later but unknown observerof the 2nd century BC who claimed to be the mathematician philon of byzantium. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=68677&tocid=0&query=hanging gardens of b

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