81. John V. Atanasoff: Obituary Two other scientists, J. Presper Eckert and john W. mauchly, drew onDr. Atanasoff s research. In the mid1940s, they were the first http://vmoc.museophile.org/pioneers/atanasoff.html

Virtual Museum of Computing Pioneers of Computing John V. Atanasoff : Obituary June 1995 John V. Atanasoff, 91, who invented the first electronic computer in 1939 and later saw others take credit for his discovery, died of a stroke June 15 at his home in Monrovia, Md. Dr. Atanasoff, whose pioneering work ultimately was acknowledged during lengthy patent litigation in the 1970s, never made money off his invention, which was the first computer to separate data processing from memory. It heads the family tree of today's personal computers and mainframes. Two other scientists, J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, drew on Dr. Atanasoff's research. In the mid-1940s, they were the first to patent a digital computing device, which they called the ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer). They said they had worked out the concept over ice cream and coffee in a Philadelphia restaurant. For many years, they were acclaimed as the fathers of modern computing. But a court battle 20 years ago between two corporate giants, Honeywell and Sperry Rand, directed the spotlight to Dr. Atanasoff. He said the idea in fact, had come to him over bourbon and water in a roadhouse in Illinois in 1937. He was out on a drive from

82. Invention History At The Lemelson Center: Archives Finding Aids 16, mauchly, john, 6/22/70. 33, mauchly, john, 4/1/71 (cassette). 16, mauchly,john, 1/10/73. 16, 33, mauchly, john, 2/6/732/7/73 (cassette). mauchly, john,1/22/70. http://www.si.edu/lemelson/dig/computeroralhistory5.html

Resources for the history of invention Collections on Invention and Innovation in the NMAH Archives Center Computer Oral History Collection 43.5 cubic feet: 94 DB; 49 ShB By Alison L. Oswald, March 1996 Revised by Alison Oswald, August 1999 Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Container List Series 5: Audio Tapes, 1967-1974, 1977 Back to the main page Container List AT=Audio Tape Only n.d.=no date NT=No Transcript R=Restricted Box Folder Series 5: Audio Tapes, 1967-1974, 1977 Subseries A: Reference Copies, 1954, 1968-1973 Acton, Forman Adams, Charles Aiken, Howard Aiken, Howard Allard, Gerry Alrich, John Alt, Franz Alt, Franz 3/13/69 (cassette) Alt, Franz Argonne National Laboratories Armer, Paul Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atchison, William Auerbach, Issac Bartik, Jean Bauer, William Beek, Allan

83. Invention History At The Lemelson Center: Archives Finding Aids 11, Mason, Daniel R. 2/22/73. 12, mauchly, john, 6/22/70. 13, mauchly,john, 1/10/73. 14, mauchly, john, 2/6/73. 15, mauchly, john (Colloquium),2/23/73. http://www.si.edu/lemelson/dig/computeroralhistory1.html

Resources for the history of invention Collections on Invention and Innovation in the NMAH Archives Center Computer Oral History Collection 43.5 cubic feet: 94 DB; 49 ShB By Alison L. Oswald, March 1996 Revised by Alison Oswald, August 1999 Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Container List Series 1: Transcripts, 1969-1973, 1977 Back to the main page AT=Audio Tape Only n.d.=no date NT=No Transcript R=Restricted Box Folder Series 1: Transcripts, 1969-1973,1977 Subseries A: Combined Index to Transcripts, 1986 Subseries B: Research Transcripts, 1969-1973, 1977 Acton, Forman Adams, Charles Aiken, Howard Alrich, John Allard, Gerry Alt, Franz Alt, Franz Alt, Franz Andrews, E.G. (See Stibitz) Argonne National Labs Armer, Paul Association for Computing Machinery National Conference Association for Computing Machinery 71 (NT) Association for Computing Machinery 25th Anniversary (NT) Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V. Atanasoff, John V.

84. Marznet's Great Moments In Computer History ::: Eckert-Mauchly Eckertmauchly Corporation was formed by the scientists john Eckert and johnmauchly in the early 40s, designing and building some of the first famous http://www.marznetproductions.com/computing/40s/ecker.asp

Eckert-Mauchly Analog computers have now been replaced entirely by digital ones. Digital computers originated as weaving looms with punched card programs. They gradually evolved into electronic/thermionic circuits. The Eckert-Mauchly/ Von-Neumann architecture was built around a binary representation, since this was the easiest and fastest thing to represent with electronic circuits. Eckert-Mauchly Corporation was formed by the scientists John Eckert and John Mauchly in the early 40s, designing and building some of the first famous computers in existence, such as the ENIAC BINAC , the celebrity UNIVAC , and many more. Site Map Links Home Feedback ... Marznet Web Design

85. Reseach 1204, L, nd. 1205, Mailer, Norman, nd. 1206, mauchly, john W. Reports andNotes Regarding his Talks, nd. 1207, mauchly, john W. nd. 1208, McDonald, Dwight,nd. http://www.uri.edu/library/special_collections/registers/bohnert/seriesVII.html

Title Table of Contents Biographical Note Scope and Content Note ... Return to Special Collections Special Collections LEA BOHNERT PAPERS MSG# 92 SERIES VII RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS AND MANUSCRIPTS DATES 11' (22 Boxes) 1952-1968, n.d. This series includes published and unpublished materials by writers who were of research interest to Bohnert. Subjects include library and information science, information retrieval, classification systems, science and computer science, and technology. Types of records include books, manuscripts, drafts, outlines, revisions, and research notes. The series is arranged alphabetically by authors' surname. The work of more prominent authors is contained in separate folders. Material is arranged alphabetically within folders. BOX FOLDER FOLDER TITLE DATES Arendt, Hannah n.d. Atherton, Pauline n.d. A (folder 1) n.d. A (folder 2) n.d. Bagg, Thomas C. n.d. Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (folder 1) n.d. Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (folder 2) n.d. Barthelme, Donald n.d. Batten, W. E. n.d.

86. Census Centennial Celebration! john W. mauchly and the Development of the ENIAC Computer Used withpermission from john W. mauchly web site Rare Book Manuscript http://www.census.gov/mso/www/centennial/mauchly.htm

87. Science Timeline Matzinger, Polly, 1994, 1996. mauchly, john, 1946. Maupertius, Pierre LouisMoreau de, 1742, 1745, 1747, 1751, 1755. Maxam, Allan M., 1977, 1980. http://www.sciencetimeline.net/siteindex_m.htm

use checkboxes to select items you wish to download Select Index Letter: a b c d ... w-x-y-z MacArthur, Robert 1960s, 1975 MacCullum, F. O., 1937 MacDiarmid, Alan G., 1977 maces, 6250 bce Mach, Ernst, 1737, early 1870s, 1873, 1883, 1894, 1908 MacLeod, Colin, 1944 Magnus, Heinrich Gustav, 1837 Maiani, Luciano, 1969 Maimonides, Moses, 1190 Malebranche, Nicolas, 1674 Malpighi, Marcello, 1661 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 1798 Mandel, Mort, 1970 Mandelbrot, Benoit B., 1977 Marconi, Guglielmo, 1895, 1901 Mariner, R., 1963 Markov, Andrei Andreyevich, 1906 Marmur, Julius, 1960 Marr, David, 1979 Marsden, E., 1909 Marshak, Robert, 1957 Martin, Archer John Porter, 1944 Marx, Karl, 1810, 1867 Maskelyne, Nevil, 1766

88. The Prototype The facts were examined in detail at a judicial hearing 26 years later, when thecourts had to decide whether john W. mauchly and john P. Eckert had unlawfully http://tangra.bitex.com/eng/atanasoff/prototip.htm

John Atanasoff Who was John Atanasoff? The prototype ... Monument THE PROTOTYPE In the late 1930s, John Atanasoff was still trying to develop ways to facilitate the process of calculating solutions to the extended systems of linear algebraic equations that were applicable to his research work. He became convinced that the digital approach offered considerable advantages over the slower and less accurate analog machines. In December of 1939, working with his graduate student Clifford Berry, John Atanasoff developed and built the prototype of the first electronic digital computer, which would be fully completed in 1942. This prototype of the first computer included four significant and entirely novel operating principles in its operation: The binary system, regenerative data storage, logic circuits as elements of a program, and electronic elements as data carrying media. "After the prototype had started working, we were convinced we could build a computer capable of calculating whatever we would like to", wrote Atanasoff. Having demonstrated the viability of the four major principles, the prototype unequivocally opened the way for all present day computers. In their history of the ENIAC computer, Alice R. Burks and Arthur W. Burks summarize the Atanasoff achievement as follows:

89. Nat'l Academies Press, Memorial Tributes: (1984), John William Mauchly AUERBACH john WILLIAM mauchly one of the visionaries who pioneered the eraof the electronic digital computer http://books.nap.edu/books/0309034825/html/187.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 2 National Academy of Engineering ( NAE CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-iv Contents, pp. v-x Foreword, pp. xi-xii Memorial Tributes, pp. 1-2 Turner Alfrey, Jr., pp. 3-6 Benjamin Baumzweiger Bauer, pp. 7-10 Samuel Serson Baxter, pp. 11-16 Arthur Maynard Bueche, pp. 17-22 Stanley W. Burriss, pp. 23-28 Henri Gaston Busignies, pp. 29-36 Joseph Morton Caldwell, pp. 37-40 Arthur Casagrande, pp. 41-46 Ven Te Chow, pp. 47-52 William Harrison Corcoran, pp. 53-58 Kurt H. Debus, pp. 59-64 Raymond Louis Dickeman, pp. 65-70 Joseph Robert Dietrich, pp. 71-76 Donald Wills Douglas, pp. 77-82 Charles Franklin Fogarty, pp. 83-86 John Chapman Frye, pp. 87-90 Edward John Gornowski, pp. 91-96 Floyd L. Goss, pp. 97-100 Patrick Eugene Haggerty, pp. 101-106

90. John Vincent Atanasoff: Forgotten Father Of The Computer - Clark R. Mollenhoff, For more than 30 years, john mauchly and Presper Eckert took bows and acceptedawards from the scientific, academic, and corporate communities as the http://www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1990/March/Sa17918.htm

Username: Password: Subscribe Now Register About Us Contact Us ... FAQs Search Sort by: Relevancy Date Results Listed: All Results Date Range: Last 5 Years Last 10 Years Entire Database Advanced Search October Issue Editorial Current Issue The Arts Life ... Modern Thought Resources 17-Year Archive American Waves Book Reviews Ceremonies/Festivities ... Writers and Writing John Vincent Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer Article # : Section : NATURAL SCIENCE Issue Date : 2,911 Words Author : Clark R. Mollenhoff For more than 30 years, John Vincent Atanasoff was the forgotten father of the electronic digital computer. Although Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry, his graduate assistant, had constructed and electronic digital computer machine at Iowa State College between 1939 and 1941, all the computer textbooks, encyclopedias, and other literature identified ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) as "the first electronic digital computer." That belief, though erroneous, was commonly held until October 1973, when an unchallenged federal court decision invalidated the ENIAC patents. For more than 30 years, John Mauchly and Presper Eckert took bows and accepted awards from the scientific, academic, and corporate communities as the originators of the basic concepts present in all modern computers. In 1946, Mauchly, a physics professor, and Eckert, an electronics expert, filed applications for patenting the electronic digital concepts in ENIAC. They had jointly designed ENIAC in 1943, based on ideas that Mauchly had claimed to be his own original electronic digital computer concepts. Mauchly did not reveal, even to Eckert, that he had made a secret visit to Iowa State College in June 1941.

91. John Mauchly S Widow, Kay Mauchly Antonelli, Shares Some john mauchly s widow, Kay mauchly Antonelli,shares some reflections on his life, http://www.computerworld.com/cwi/story/0,1199,NAV47_STO62245,00.html

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92. Greatest Achievements - 8. Computers Independently, building on the work of ENIAC engineers john Eckert and johnMauchly, john von Neumann s EDVAC report came to the same conclusion. http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_8_2.html

In the first half of the 20th century, a steady stream of technical innovation transformed people's lives the automobile, the airplane, farm machinery, the washing machine. Drudgery and limitations were fast giving way to freedom and possibilities. In many ways, new technologies were no longer a surprise. Then came a new machine - the computer - which astonished the world and promised to remove other forms of drudgery from life, such as tedious calculations or assembly line tasks. The computer would soon evolve from an elaborate calculator to a complex system of enormous capability. The computer's impact would prove to be immense, a fact recognized by the magazine Time in 1982, when it dubbed the computer "Man of the Year." Before the century was over, the computer had become an integral part of every major industry, and had begun to open new worlds through the Internet. The history of the computer has been one of dazzling feats. Early groundwork included Blaise Pascal's adding machines (1600s); Marie Jacquard's weaving looms (1801); Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine (1840s); and Herman Hollerith's punch-card program (1880s). In 1943, the British logic calculator, Colossus, cracked complex Nazi codes in hours, and turned the tide in favor of the Allies. In 1946, America's ENIAC performed 5000 additions and subtractions per second. In the 1980s supercomputers performed 10 trillion calculations per second - what would take 10 million years on a handheld calculator. Among the more dazzling feats were those that enabled these machines to store information and read programs. The first hurdle in this transformation was accepting the concept of a universal machine, as outlined in a 1945 paper by Alan Turing. He laid out the principles for a machine that could store programs as well as data, and quickly switch to perform tasks as diverse as arithmetic, data processing, and chess playing. Independently, building on the work of ENIAC engineers John Eckert and John Mauchly, John von Neumann's EDVAC report came to the same conclusion.

93. Hebergements Sites Professionnels, Hosting , Héberge Site Internet, Nom De Doma du fameux ENIAC, avec Eckert. http://hosting.infomaniak.ch/support/jargon_article.php?iCodeArticle=14629

94. Histoire De L'Informatique : La Galerie De Portraits : M http://www.histoire-informatique.org/portraits/m.html

La galerie de portraits John W. MAUCHLY (aou 1907-jan 1980) Prononcer Mauk-li Parmi les rares partisans de la construction d'un calculateur électronique rapide, dès 1940, ce mathématicien pourra mettre en pratique ses idées grace aux encouragements et conseils de J. ECKERT . Un de leurs premiers gros projets sera l' ENIAC . Ils seront aussi les concepteurs de l' UNIVAC Gordon E. MOORE (jan 1929-) Auteur, en 1965, de la célèbre Loi de Moore , dans laquelle il prédit que les circuits intégrés doubleront de capacité tous les 2 ans. C'est aussi un des co-fondateurs de Fairchild et d'Intel. Wired: Gordon Moore A B C ... E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z http://www.histoire-informatique.org/portraits/m.html François GUILLIER

95. Oh Kay Computer - History In the basement of the Moore School Kay’s future husband and colleague, JohnMauchly, was, with coinventor Presper Eckert, building the world’s first http://www.ohkaycomputer.com/history.htm

Background This Documentary tells the fascinating story of Kay McNulty Mauchly Antonelli and her part in one of the world's most important inventions this century - the electronic computer. That an emigrant Irishwoman was one of the world's first computer programers is all the more remarkable when one realises that today Ireland is the largest software producer in the world outside of the United States and that computer technology is responsible for the upsurge in the Irish economy and the reversal of emigration from Ireland. Kay McNulty Mauchly Antonelli Kay McNulty Mauchly Antonelli was born Kathleen McNulty on 12 February, 1921 in the Creeslough Gaeltacht of County Donegal during the Irish War of Independence. On the night she was born, her father, James, who was an Irish Republican Army Training Officer, was arrested and imprisoned in Derry Gaol for two years. On his release the family emigrated to the United States and settled in Pennslyvannia where James McNulty established a successful stone masonry business. Kay McNulty today Kay graduated from Chestnut Hill College in 1942, one of only three mathematics majors in a class of 92 women.

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