61. MidEast Web - Bibliography: Medieval And Ottoman Islam And The Arab World Provencal. Trans. AT Tibi, Cairo, 1963. Abd alWahid al-marrakushi(d.1270), al- Mu jib. Trans. A. Huici, Miranada, Tetuan, 1955. Ahmad http://www.mideastweb.org/biblioislam_med.htm

Bibliography: Medieval Islam home news Main Bibliography top stories ... donations Bibliography : Islam and the Arab World in the Middle Ages and Ottoman Periods This page lists primarily works about Islam and the Arabs prior to modern times. The main bibliography page links to additional bibliographies of the Arab Middle East, Women, Oil, country bibliographies and other special topics. See also Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism for modern Islam, The Arab Middle East and North Africa Women in the Middle East etc. A new facility allows you to search for books by topic. This facility is still under development: Click here for Book Search Data Base Abbott, Nabia, Historical Texts, Vol. 1, Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957. Abd Allah b. Buluggin al-Ziri al-Sanhaji, Al-Tibyan, Edited by Levi-Provencal. Trans. A.T. Tibi , Cairo, 1963. Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi(d. 1270), Al- Mu'jib. Trans. A. Huici , Miranada, Tetuan, 1955. Ahmad, Barakat, Muhammad and the Jews , New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1979. Al-Hujwiri

62. H-Net Review: Eric Ormsby On Majid Fakhry, Averroes (Ibn Rushd): His Life, Works are often given incorrectly taharh instead of taharah (p. 120), jiziyah insteadof jizyah (p. 121), alMarakushi instead of al-marrakushi (p. 174), among http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=227091077594594

63. CHRONOLOGY – Some Selected Dates In The Development Of Sundials And Solar Astro 1280, Abul Hhasan al marrakushi writes a manuscript (translated into Frenchby JJ Sedillot in 1834) describing many types of dials and the methods for http://www.sundialsoc.org.uk/glossary/chronology/chronology.htm

CHRONOLOGY – some selected dates in the development of sundials and solar astronomy Date Development 9000 BC to 8000 BC The Maya make astronomical inscriptions and constructions in Central America. A marked bone (possibly) indicating months and lunar phases in use in Ishango (Zaire) 4228 BC to 2773 BC The Egyptians institute a 365-day calendar. The start of the year, coinciding with the annual Nile floods, is linked to the rising of Sirius (the Dog Star) in line with the sun. 1500 BC to 1450 BC L-shaped sundials used in Egypt. 1450 BC to 1400 BC Stonehenge achieves the form known today. 600 BC to 590 BC Sundials are used in China and the Chinese text "Arithmetic classic of the gnomon and the circular paths of the heaven" contains a version of the Pythagorean theorem. 585 BC Thales of Miletus (Turkey) correctly predicts a solar eclipse. 520 BC to 510 BC Anaximander introduces the sundial to Greece (previously used in Mesopotamia, Egypt and China. He also produces a cylindrical (sic) model of the Earth. 500 BC to 490 BC The Pythagoreans (Greece) introduce a spherical model of the Earth.

64. Traite De Ibn Al-Bay Kitab Minh Kitab Al- Ibn Al-Naf Buch Translate this page au treizie Traite des instruments astronomiques des Arabes compose au treizieJohann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt aM marrakushi, al-, Se dillot http://www.4.www-info-web.de/1293.html

...under construction...

65. List Of Lunar Craters - Encyclopedia Article About List Of Lunar Craters. Free A . Click the link for more information. ). almanon (after Abdalla al Mamun,Persian astronomer); almarrakushi (after al-marrakushi, Moroccan astronomer); http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/List of Lunar craters

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia List of lunar craters Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition This is a list of the craters See Crater for an article on the constellation of this name A crater basin or impact crater ) is a circular depression on the surface of a planet, moon, asteroid, or other celestial body. Craters are typically caused by meteorite impacts, although some are caused by volcanic activity (see volcano for more on these). In the center of craters on Earth a crater lake often accumulates, and in craters formed by meteorites a central island (caused by rebounding crustal rock after the impact) is usually a prominent feature in the lake. Click the link for more information. on the Moon This page refers to Earth's moon. For other moons in the solar system, please see natural satellite. For other things named Moon see Moon (disambiguation). Moon Click image for description Orbital characteristics Mean radius 384,400 km Eccentricity 0.0549 Revolution period 27 day 7 h 43.7 min Click the link for more information.

66. Reinhart Dozy - Encyclopedia Article About Reinhart Dozy. Free Access, No Regist and history, manifested themselves in 1847, when he published almarrakushi sHistory of the almohades (Leiden, 2nd ed., 1881), which, together with his http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Reinhart Dozy

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Reinhart Dozy Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy February February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 28 days in regular years. In leap years February has 29 days. Three times in history a February 30 did occur. January and February were the last two months to be added to the calendar, since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period. February was named for the Roman god Februus, the god of purification. Click the link for more information. Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century decades-1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s - Years-1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 - Events January 1 - Constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to summoning of Spanish parliament (March 7) and restoration of 1812 Constitution (March 8) by king Ferdinand VII. Click the link for more information. May This article is about the month of May. For the tree of that name, see Hawthorn. See also People whose name includes May. May is the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days. May have been named for the Roman goddess Maia or more likely the Roman goddess of fertility Bona Dea, whose festival was held in May.

67. Liste Des Reliefs Lunaires Translate this page 5.7. -18.1. 36.9. 2410. 357, 161. al-Bakri. +20.2. +14.3. 12.4. 1040. 343, 148.al-marrakushi. +55.8. -10.4. 8.3. 1110. 309, 119. albategnius. +4.1. -11.2. 135.7.3200. 357, 161. http://www.astrosurf.com/lombry/lune-a.htm

Abbot Abel Abenezra Abetti Abulfeda Acosta Adams Agatharchide Agrippa Airy Al-Bakri Al-Marrakushi Albategnius Alexandre Alfraganus Alhazen Aliacensis Almanon Alpetragius Alphonse Ameghino Ammonius Amontons Amundsen Anaxagoras Anaximandre Anaximandre B Anaximandre D Anaximène Andêl Angström Ansgarius Anville Apianus Apollonius Arago Aratus Archimede Archytas Argelandre Ariadaeus Aristarche Aristille Aristote Arrhénius Limbe SO Artsimovich Aryabhata Arzachel Asada Asclepi Aston Limbe NO Atlas Atwood Autolycus Auwers Auzout Avery Limbe Est Azophi Retour à La Lune

68. Craters (A) o N, 92.5 o E. almarrakushi 10.4 o S, 55.8 o E albategnius 11.2o S, 4.1 o E aldrin 1.4 o N, 22.1 o E. alexander 40.3 o N http://www.astrosurf.com/cidadao/a_craters.htm

CRATERS (A) Abbot o N, 54.8 o E] Abel o S, 85.8 o E] Abenezra o S, 11.9 o E] Abetti o N, 27.7 o E] Abulfeda o S, 13.9 o E] Acosta o S, 60.1 o E] Adams o S, 68.2 o E] Agatharchides o S, 30.9 o W] Agrippa o N, 10.5 o E] Airy o S, 5.7 o E] Al-Bakri o N, 20.2 o E] Al-Biruni o N, 92.5 o E] Al-Marrakushi o S, 55.8 o E] Albategnius o S, 4.1 o E] Aldrin o N, 22.1 o E] Alexander o N, 13.5 o E] Alfraganus o S, 19.0 o E] Alhazen o N, 71.8 o E] Aliacensis o S, 5.2 o E] Almanon o S, 15.2 o E] Alpetragius o S, 4.5 o W] Alphonsus o S, 2.8 o W] Ameghino o N, 57.0 o E] Ammonius o S, 0.8 o W] Amontons o S, 46.8 o E] Amundsen o S, 82.8 o E] Anaxagoras o N, 10.1 o W] Anaximander o N, 51.3 o W] Anaximenes o N, 44.5 o W] Andersson o S, 95.3 o W] Andel o S, 12.4 o E] Ångström o N, 41.6 o W] Ansgarius o S, 79.7 o E] Anuchin o S, 101.3 o E] Anville o N, 49.5 o E] Apianus o S, 7.9 o E] Apollonius o N, 61.1 o E] Arago o N, 21.4 o E] Aratus o N, 4.5 o E] Archimedes o N, 4.0 o W] Archytas o N, 5.0 o E] Argelander o S, 5.8 o E] Ariadaeus o N, 17.3 o E] Aristarchus o N, 47.4 o W] Aristillus o N, 1.2 o E] Aristoteles o N, 17.4 o E] Armstrong o N, 25.0 o E] Arnold o N, 35.9 o E] Arrhenius o S, 91.3 o W] Artemis o N, 25.4 o W] Artsimovich o N, 36.6 o W] Aryabhata o N, 35.1

69. Catalogue 11 Arabic History-Literature 620 IBN `IDHARI al marrakushi Histoire de l Afrique du Nord et de l Espagne Musulmaneintitulée Kitab albayan al-mughrib et fragments de la Chronique de `Arib http://www.antiquariaten.com/rashi/catalogs/cat000000449.htm

ANTIQUARIAAT RASHI Rapenburgerstraat 109 1011 VL Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. 00-31-20-6230090 Fax 00-31-20-4288163 E-mail: rashi@xs4all.nl Back to homepage Conditions of sale Catalogue 11 Arabic History-Literature ABEL, LUDWIG De Abu Mihgan poeta Arabico ejusque carminibus (Diss.) Leiden, 1887. ( Modern cloth. , (2), 37, (3) pp.) 57,00 Contains Arabic text and Latin translation of 23 poems. AHMAD B. MUHAMMAD B. HANBAL Kitab al-wara`. Cairo, 1921. ( Or.cloth. , 126 pp.) 113,00 First edition. al-BAGHDADI, ABU MANSUR Characteristics of Muslim sects Al-farq bain al-firaq . Abridged. Edited by Philip K. Hitti. Cairo, 1924. ( Modern cloth. , 6, 201, 4 pp. Arabic.) 113,00 al-ISKAFI (d. 1030) Kitab Durrat at-Tanzil wa-Ghurrat at-Ta'wil (On philology). Cairo, 1909. ( Or.cloth. , 400 pp.) 113,00 First edition. Brockelmann SI, 491. ARBERRY, A.J. Aspects of Islamic civilisation as depicted in the original texts. New York, 1964. ( Or.cloth. with dustjacket , 408 pp.) 57,00 ARENDONK, C. VAN ASIN PALACIOS, MIGUEL Obras escogidas. Vol. 1. Ibn Masarra y su escuela. Origenes de la filosofia hispanomusulmana. Madrid, 1946. ( Or.hcloth. , X, 336 pp. Last pages loose.) 68,00

70. AAC Database - Browse - List 1, Marra, Realino. 1, Marracci, Ippolito, 16041675. 1, al-marrakushi, Abd al-Wahidibn ali, 1185-1250 See Marakushi, Abd al-Wahid ibn ali,1185-1250. http://valeph.tau.ac.il/ALEPH/ENG/TAU/AAC/AAC/SCAN-F/3262534

Sourasky Central Library Browse - AUTHOR list - ALL DOCUMENTS The numbers in the list below indicate the number of documents listed under a term. To display the documents, click on an eye . To move up or down the list, click on the arrow. Marr, J. L. Marr, Nikolai IAkovlevich Marr, Nikolaus See: Marr, Nikolai IAkovlevich Marr, Phebe Marra, Dora Beth See: Beth Marra, Dora Marra, Kim, 1957- Marra, Kimberley Bell, 1957- See: Marra, Kim,1957- Marra, Michael F. See: Marra, Michele Marra, Michele Marra, Realino Marracci, Ippolito, 1604-1675 al-marrakushi, Abd al-Wahid ibn 'ali, 1185-1250 See: >Marakushi, Abd al-Wahid ibn 'Ali,1185-1250

71. Saudi Aramco World : The Poet-King Of Seville The histo­rian almarrakushi wrote of al-Mu tamid, If one wanted to list all theexamples of beauty produced by al-Ahdalus from the time of the conquest to http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199301/the.poet-king.of.seville.htm

January/February 1993 Volume 44, Number 1 January/February 1993 Volume 44, Number 1 The Poet-King of Seville Written by Rose M. Esber Illustrated by Norman MacDonald Poetry flourished exuberantly in 11 th century al-Andalus. Verse was the common expression of the day, an arabesque of words and meaning the language of love, diplomacy and satire. Andalusians loved poetry and virtually everyone composed it. muluk al-tawa'if in Arabic, reyes de taifas in Spanish. Of all these rival kingdoms, the most formidable militarily and the most scintillating artistically was undeniably the kingdom of Seville, ruled by the 'Abbadids. Al-Mu'tamid inherited not only the reins of power from his ancestors but their poetical talent as well. Al-Mu'tamid's life story, dramatic enough in its facts, was immortalized by his verse and the intimate revelations it provided of his soul. His youthful works show his preoccupation with pleasure and friendship, and mirror the popular themes of love, nature and sensual beauty: She stood in all her slender grace So veiled from times inconstancy!

72. De Islamitische Tijdrekening - Gebedsrituelen 1075, –18º/–19º, –18º/–19º. Nasir alDin al-Tusi, ca. 1270, –18º,–18º. al-marrakushi, ca. 1280, –16º, –20º. al-Bakhaniqi, ca. 1325, –16º,–20º. http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/islam/islam_salat.htm

De islamitische gebedsrituelen (met tabellen voor de jaren 2001 tot 2010) Inleiding De vijf verplichte gebedsrituelen De traditionele voorschriften voor de gebedstijden De voorkeurstijden binnen de gebedstijden ... Literatuur voor meer achtergrond en technische gegevens Inleiding Een van de allerbelangrijkste plichten voor iedere moslim is het verrichten van de vijf dagelijkse gebedsoefeningen ( salat ) tot Allah. Volgens een oude islamitische overlevering zou Allah oorspronkelijk van Mohammed hebben verlangd dat zijn gelovigen maar liefst vijftig maal per dag hun gebedsoefeningen tot hem zouden richten, maar op voorspraak van Mozes zou Mohammed dit tot het veel redelijker aantal van vijf hebben weten terug te brengen. Daarnaast bestaan er nog een aantal gebedsoefeningen die alleen op bepaalde dagen in het jaar verricht dienen te worden en zijn er nog een aantal die niet verplicht maar vrijwillig zijn. Elk van deze gebedsoefeningen dient binnen een bepaalde periode van de dag of de nacht volbracht te worden die bepaald wordt door de hoogte van de zon boven of onder de horizon. Alhoewel het de gelovige vrij staat om binnen elke periode de gebedsoefening te verrichten op het moment dat hem of haar het beste uitkomt, dient deze bij voorkeur aan het begin hiervan gedaan te worden. De vijf verplichte gebedsrituelen De vijf verplichte rituele gebedsperioden zijn als volgt omschreven: Het avondgebed salat al-maghrib ) – begint kort na zonsondergang en duurt tot het einde van de avondschemering.

73. PERSONAGGI  FORMAZIONi Translate this page Organisateur de la traduction en arabe des oeuvres philosophiques et scientifiquesde la Grèce antique. al-marrakushi. al-marrakushi (ex Langrenus D). (). http://www.arcturus.len.it/Didattica/Personaggi/personaggi__formazioni_A_C.htm

PERSONAGGI FORMAZIONI ( A - D ) NAME NAME DETAIL NAME ORIGIN WORK NATIONLITY CENTURYC BIRTHPLACE BIRTHDATE DEATHPLACE DEATHDATE FACTS ABBOT Charles Greeley Abbot (ex Apollonius K) Astrophysicien américain 20 ème siècle Wilton Washington Directeur de l'observatoire de la Smithsonian Institution. Détermination de la valeur de la constante solaire et de la répartition de l'énergie dans le spectre solaire. ABEL Niels Henrik Abel Franz (1913) Mathématicien norvégien 19 ème siècle Ile de Finnoy Arendal Spécialiste de la théorie des intégrales elliptiques et travaux sur les intégrales dites abéliennes. ABENEZRA Abraham Bar Rabbi ben Ezra Riccioli (1651) Philosophe et astronome espagnol 12 ème siècle ABETTI Antonio Abetti Astronome italien 19 ème siècle ABULFEDA Isma'il Abu al-Fida Riccioli (1651) Historien et géographe arabe 14 ème siècle Damas Hamah "Prince de la dynastie des Ayyübides. Auteur de ""l'Histoire"" qui continue l'oeuvre de Ibn al-Athir."

74. Nomenclatura Della Luna  Da  Abbot   A  Finsch Translate this page d7f. s7f. x7f. 84, 31S, 5E. 31. almanon, Crater. 6g. d6g. s6e. x6g. 48, 17S, 15E.32. al-marrakushi, Crater. 5l. d5l. s5b. x5l. 33. alpes, Montes. 2f. d2f. s2f. x2f.34. alpes, Vallis. 1f. http://www.arcturus.len.it/LUNA/Luna_nomenclatura_1.htm

Nomenclatura della Luna ( da Abbot a Finsch ) cliccare da Abbot a Birt ... Zupus Carta della Luna: dritta speculare dritta capovolta e speculare capovolta cliccare sulle celle per mappa dettagliata Rilievi e crateri Luna Dritta Visuale Luna Speculare Luna Dritta Capovolta Luna Capovolta Speculare Diametro Latitud. Longit. LUNA Abbot, Crater Abel, Crater Abenezra, Crater Abetti, Crater Abulfeda, Catena Abulfeda, Catena Abulfeda, Crater Acosta, Crater Adams, Crater Aestatis, Lacus (Lago Estate) Aestatis, Lacus (Lago Estate) Aestuum, Sinus (Baia delle Onde) Aestuum, Sinus (Baia delle Onde) Agarum, Promontorium Agassiz, Promontorium Agatharchides, Crater Agatharchides, Rima Agricola, Montes Agrippa, Crater Airy, Crater Al-Bakri, Crater Al-Bakri, Crater Albategnius, Crater Aldrin, Crater Aldrovandi, Dorsa Alexander, Crater Alfraganus, Crater Alhazen, Crater Aliacensis, Crater Aliacensis, Crater Almanon, Crater Al-Marrakushi, Crater Alpes, Montes Alpes, Vallis Alpetragius, Crater Alphonsus, Crater Alphonsus, Crater Alphonsus, Rimae Altai, Rupes Ameghino, Crater Ammonius, Crater

75. "Mathematik" At ZVAB - Register Of Antiquarian Books (order Antiquarian Books On Ibn Idhari almarrakushi Jami al-mabadi wa l-ghayat fi ilm al-miqat. Frankfurt,Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften,1984. http://www.zvab.com/offers/mathematik.html

Mathematik Z ENTRALES V ERZEICHNIS A NTIQUARISCHER B Welcome to the 'Main Register of Used Books' at www.zvab.com This is just the place to discover over 9 million of rare, used and out-of-print books, sheets of music, graphic art, postcards and more from antiquarian bookshops in 20 countries. ZVAB Homepage Deutsche Version Search our books database for it's current content on ' Mathematik Mathematik ' an. entries on ' Mathematik ' were recently found. (21.05.2004) These are just 2 occasional examples ... Ibn 'Idhari al-Marrakushi: Mathematik Details The Journal of Oman Studies. Mathematik Details See all of the current matches by a click on Search and Find Or find the very book that you or your friends were craving most. (Enter e.g. the author's last name plus one or more words from the title.) Get even more specific results with ZVAB's Detailed Search 1996 - 2004 ZVAB

76. Planetenkunde.de / Mond - Namen - Krater Mit Individuellem Namen [A] Translate this page alden » alder » aldrin » alekhin » alexander » alfraganus » alhazen » aliacensis» al-Khwarizmi » almanon » al-marrakushi » aloha » alpetragius http://www.astrolink.de/p012/p01204/p01204090000a.htm

Missionen Adressen Missionsziele Shops Sonnensystem Mondkunde ^Übersicht Merkur Venus Erde Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Asteroiden Kometen ^Übersicht Geschichte Mond-Phasen Entstehung Entwicklung Geologie Oberfläche Wasser Erde-Mond Karten Namen Fakten MoFis SoFis Web-Links Tipps AstroLink.de ShuttleLink.de Planetenkunde RedShift.de Suche, etc. Impressum Mondkunde Geschichte Mond-Phasen Entstehung Entwicklung Geologie Oberfläche Wasser Erde-Mond Karten Namen Übersicht Landeplatz Landegebiet Krater Kraterkette Meer Ozean See Sumpf Bucht Ebene Albedostruktur Berg Gebirge Kap Tal Furche, Riss Rille, Rillengruppe Fakten MoFis SoFis Web-Links Tipps Mond Namen Krater mit individuellem Namen Krater mit individuellem Namen [A] Abbe Abbot Abel Abenezra ... Azophi Weiter: Krater mit individuellem Namen [A] CD-ROM Tipps Mission Mond Aufbruch ins All Die erste CD-ROM auf Basis der neuen AstroLink Datenbank! 2 CD-ROMs, Windows, 29,90 € Weitere Infos Buch-Tipps Light Full Moon ... Kosmos Mondführer last link check: The Network cc-live In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Physikalischen Verein, Frankfurt a.M. cc-live Fax: 089-121605-71, E-Mail: redaktion@cclive.net

77. Seven Dials Charity It was another Arabian, ali Ibn Omar AbulHassan al-marrakushi, who lived atthe beginning of the 13th century, who introduced the idea of equal hours http://www.sevendials.com/seven_dials.php

Home The Seven Dials Monument Charity Seven Dials The Exhibition ... Contact Information History of the Seven Dials Area Click on to full text [Liam - scan in Dr Robinson's article from Vol.2 of ES] In the Middle Ages, the land on which Seven Dials is situated belonged to the Hospital of St. Giles, a leper hospital, like St. James, which was taken over by Henry VIII in 1537. The Crown subsequently let the hospital land on a series of leases. [Exhibition board Section 2 - pic of William Hodges painting 1776 (+ text underneath giving description) The first inhabitants were respectable, if not aristocratic, comprising of gentlemen, lawyers and prosperous tradesmen. However, in 1695, Neale disposed of his interest in the site and the rest of the development was carried out by individual builders over the next 15 years. Today, his involvement is recorded only by two street names - Neal Street and Neal's Yard. In the 1730's, the then owner, James Joyce, broke up the freehold, selling off the triangular sections separately. In the absence of a single freeholder, there was no-one to enforce Neale's restrictive covenants. The area became increasingly commercialised as the houses were sub-divided and converted into shops, lodgings and factories. The Woodyard Brewery was started in 1740 and during the next hundred years spread over most of the southern part of Seven Dials. Comyn Ching, the architectural ironmongers, were in business in Shelton Street from before 1723, and elsewhere there were woodcarvers, straw hat manufacturers, pork butchers, watch repairers, wigmakers and booksellers, as well as several public houses. Though not as notorious as the St. Giles 'rookery' (slum) to the north, there were numerous incidents of mob violence in Seven Dials.

78. Lunar Republic : Craters A 8. almarrakushi ibn al-Banna, or Abu l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi(1256-1321), Moroccan astronomer and mathematician; first to consider a http://www.lunarrepublic.com/gazetteer/crater_a.shtml

Craters (A) Craters A B C D ... Return To Gazetteer Index Common Name Lat Long Diam Origin Abbe Ernst K. ~ (1840-1905), German educator, optician, physicist and astronomer; appointed professor of physics and mathematics at the University of Jena (1870) and director of the astronomical and meteorological observatories at Jena (1878). Invented the apochromatic lens system for the microscope. Abbot Charles Greeley ~ (1872-1973), American astrophysicist; as director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Washington, D.C.) for almost four decades, he engaged in a career-long campaign to demonstrate that the Sun's energy output varies and has a measurable effect on the Earth's weather. Abduh Mohammed ~ (1849-1905), Egyptian reformer; pioneer of Islamic modernism and nationalism who preached Muslim unity against Western imperialism. After serving as a judge in his country's national courts, Abduh became grand mufti, Egypt's highest official interpreter of the shari'a (Islamic law).

79. Almohads Marrakesh in 1269. See studies by Abd alWahid al marrakushi (1881,repr. 1968) and Roger Le Tourneau (1969). Add URL,Advertise http://dk.slider.com/enc/2000/Almohads.htm

80. Ibni Ruschd al-Din wie folgt als Loyalitätdes Khalifen schwankte die meisten, wie Ansari und marrakushi, nehmen an http://www.enfal.de/grund41.htm

Ibn Ruschd Von Dr. Asadullah Yate Ein Leben voller Vision, geboren aus der Tradition Viele Biographen schreiben ihm perfekte Meisterschaft der "alten Wissenschaften" zu. Sie sind sich alle einig in ihrem Lob seiner Höflichkeit, Freundlichkeit, Großzügigkeit und Bescheidenheit. Wir erfahren, dass Ibn Ruschd eine starke Persönlichkeit hatte, klare Urteile fällte und einen scharfen Intellekt besaß. Wie sein Vater und sein Großvater wurde auch er Richter, zuerst in Sevilla (565) und später in Cordoba (die erste Berufung im Jahre 567 und die zweite 578), wo er für seinen Eifer berühmt war. Diese hochangesehene Tätigkeit wurde die Beschäftigung, für die Ibn Ruschd bei seinen Zeitgenossen und bei späteren Biographen am besten bekannt war. Wir erfahren von Ibn Abi Usaybia, dass einige seiner Söhne sich auf dem Gebiet des Rechts auszeichneten und ebenfalls Richter wurden. Während des größten Teils seines politischen Lebens genoß er außerordentlich gute Beziehungen zu den Khalifen der Almohaden-Dynastie: zuerst mit Abd al-Mumin (527-58), dann mit dessen Sohn Abu Yaqub Yusuf (558-80). Diese Khalifen verwandten einen Großteil ihrer Energie auf die Fortführung der reformistische Bewegung, die mit Ibn Tumart begonnen hatte (dem militärischen und geistigen Führer, der die Macht der Almorawiden herausforderte), und sie vereinnahmten Ibn Ruschd für diese Bewegung, indem für den höchsten Posten seines Gebietes bestimmt wurde: er trat die Nachfolge Ibn Tufails als Leibarzt Abu Yaqubs im Jahre 578 an, dem Jahr, in dem er oberster Richter von Cordoba wurde. Er wird gelobt für die gerechte Administration dieses Richteramtes. Er verbrachte viel Zeit und Energie mit Reisen durch die Gebiete der Almohaden im Dienst von Abu Yaqub.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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