21. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff. Information about Gustav Kirchhoff with useful linksand basic facts. Info logo Encyclopedia. Gustav Kirchhoff. http://www.fastload.org/gu/Gustav_Kirchhoff.html

Gustav Kirchhoff Home Up About 'Gustav Kirchhoff' Advertisement Gustav Robert Kirchhoff March 12 October 17 physicist who is well known for his electrical rules , Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, which are fundamental to circuit analysis in electrical engineering . He was born in Koenigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia ) and died in Berlin , Germany. In his spectroscopic collaboration with Bunsen , he was a co-discoverer of caesium and rubidium Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation Kirchhoff formulated the following law in , followed by a proof in The rate of emission of energy by a body is equal to the rate at which the body absorbs energy (both emission and absorption being in a given direction at a given wavelength). In he introduced the term black body radiation . Later, he produced three empirical laws describing the spectral composition of light emitted by incandescent objects. Kirchhoff's Radiation Laws A hot solid object produces light with a continuous spectrum. A hot tenuous gas produces light with spectral lines at discrete wavelengths (i.e. specific colors) which depend on the energy levels of the atoms in the gas.

22. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. Gustav Kirchhoff was a student of Gauss. Hetaught at Berlin (an unpaid post) from 1847, then at Breslau. http://physics.rug.ac.be/Fysica/Geschiedenis/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Born: 12 March 1824 in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) Died: 17 Oct 1887 in Berlin, Germany Gustav Kirchhoff was a student of Gauss. He taught at Berlin (an unpaid post) from 1847, then at Breslau. In 1854 he was appointed professor of physics at Heidelberg where he collaborated with Bunsen. He was a physicist who made important contributions to the theory of circuits using topology and to elasticity. Kirchhoff's laws, announced in 1854, allow calculation of currents, voltages and resistances of electrical circuits extending the work of Ohm. His work on black body radiation was fundamental in the development of quantum theory. His work on spectrum analysis led on to a study of the composition of light from the Sun. Kirchhoff was the first to explain the dark lines in the Sun's spectrum as caused by absorbsion of particular wavelengths as the light passes through a gas. This started a new era in astronomy. In 1875 he was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics at Berlin. Disability meant he had to spend much of his life on crutches or in a wheelchair. His best known work is the four volume masterpiece Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik Cross-references to History Topics The quantum age begins Bron: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html

23. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff --  Encyclopædia Britannica Subscribe. My Account. All Britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Websites. Video and Media. Dictionary. Thesaurus. Not sure of the http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=46664

24. Kirchhoff Biography of gustav kirchhoff (18241887) gustav kirchhoff's father was Friedrich kirchhoff, a law councillor in Königsberg with a strong sense of duty to the Prussian state. gustav's mother was http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Born: Died: 17 Oct 1887 in Berlin, Germany Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Gustav Kirchhoff Franz Neumann and Jacobi Neumann Jacobi seminar from 1843 to 1846. Now 1843 was the year in which Jacobi became unwell, so it was Neumann who influenced Kirchhoff in a very positive way. Neumann Neumann had become interested in electrical induction. In fact Neumann It was while he was studying with Neumann that Kirchhoff made his first outstanding research contribution which related to electrical currents. Kirchhoff's laws, which he announced in 1845, allowed calculation of currents, voltages and resistances in electrical circuits with multiple loops, extending the work of Ohm . Kirchhoff considered an electrical network consisting of circuits joined at nodes of the network and gave laws which reduce the calculation of the currents in each loop to the solution of algebraic equations. The first law states that the sum of the currents into a given node equals the sum of the currents out of that node. The second law states that the sum of electromotive forces in a loop in the network equals the sum of potential drops, or voltages across each of the resistances, in the loop. Kirchhoff's laws followed from applying Ohm 's law but the way in which he was able to generalise the results showed great mathematical skills. At this stage Kirchhoff was unaware that

25. Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824-1887) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogr kirchhoff, gustav (18241887), German physicist who developed the spectroscopeand the science of emission spectroscopy with Bunsen. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Kirchhoff.html

Branch of Science Physicists Nationality German Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824-1887) German physicist who developed the spectroscope and the science of emission spectroscopy with Bunsen . Kirchhoff also concluded that dark line spectra were obtained when light was passed through a gas corresponding to the wavelengths of emission lines in incandescent elements. Using the spectroscope, Kirchhoff showed that each element, when heated to incandescence, produced a characteristic pattern of emission lines. This led to the identification of cesium in 1860 (named in Latin for the sky blue color of its emission lines), and rubidium in 1861 (named in Latin for the red color of its emission lines). Bunsen Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

26. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article Visit Britannica Store, Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, kirchhoff , gustavRobert Britannica Concise. 17, 1887, Berlin, Ger. gustav Robert kirchhoff. http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=394545

27. GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF kirchhoff, gustav ROBERT (18241887), German physicist, was born at KOnigsberg (Prussia) on the 12th of March 1824, and was educated at the university of his native town, where he graduated Ph. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KI/KIRCHHOFF_GUSTAV_ROBERT.htm

GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHEIM-UNTER-TECK JOHANN WILHELM ADOLF KIRCHHOFF

28. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert kirchhoff, gustav Robert (18241887). kirchhoff was a student ofGauss and a contributor to important results in physics. The set http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (18241887) Kirchhoff was a student of Gauss and a contributor to important results in physics. The set of differential equations called Kirchhoff's laws relate current, voltage, and resistances of electrical circuits. In 1875, he was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics at the University of Berlin. Major publication: Four volumes of Vorlesungen uber mathematische Physik

29. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Ghosts of Chemistry Past. kirchhoff, gustav Robert. kirchhoff, gustav Robert gustav Robert kirchhoff. Chemical Analysis by Observation of Spectra gustav kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen http://www.punahou.edu/libraries/cooke/kirchhoff.html

Library Home Library Catalog Online Resources Reference Sources ... Ing Learning Center Ghosts of Chemistry Past Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Books Encyclopedia of World Biography [R 920.02 En1] Science and Its Times [R 509 Sci2] Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry [R 540.3 M22] Knight, David. Ideas in Chemistry [540.9 K74i] Brock, William H. The Norton History of Chemistry [540.9 B78] Cobb, Cathy and Harold Goldwhite. Creations of Fire: Chemistry’s Lively History from Alchemy to the Atomic Age Notable Twentieth Century Scientists [R 925 N84] The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists [R 925 B52] Who Did What [R 920.02 W622] Dictionary of Scientific Biography [R 925 D56] Internet Resources Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Chemical Analysis by Observation of Spectra - Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Last updated 12 April 2002 Home Libraries Cooke Chemistry ... Ghosts of Chemistry Past > Kirchhoff Quick Links: News Calendar Alumni E-mail Registry Mentoring at Punahou ... Punahou Phone Directory Search www.punahou.edu:

30. Adventures In CyberSound: Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert gustav Robert kirchhoff 1824 1887. gustav Robert kirchhoff (b. March12, 1824, Königsberg, Prussia now Kaliningrad, Russia d. Oct. http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/KIRCHHOFF_BIO.html

A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D Gustav Robert Kirchhoff : 1824 - 1887 Bunsen He was a physicist who made important contributions to the theory of circuits using topology and to elasticity. Kirchhoff's Law s, announced in 1854, allow calculation of currents, voltages and resistances of electrical circuits extending the work of Ohm. His work on black body radiation was fundamental in the development of quantum theory. His work on spectrum analysis led on to a study of the composition of light from the Sun. Kirchhoff was the first to explain the dark lines in the Sun's spectrum as caused by absorbsion of particular wavelengths as the light passes through a gas. This started a new era in astronomy. In 1875 he was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics at Berlin. Disability meant he had to spend much of his life on crutches or in a wheelchair. His best known work is the four volume masterpiece Source: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kirchoff.html Robert Bunsen , firmly established the theory of spectrum analysis (a technique for chemical analysis by analyzing the light emitted by a heated material), which Kirchhoff applied to determine the composition of the Sun.

31. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Pronunciation Key. kirchhoff, gustav Robert , 182487, German physicist The Mineralogical Record)kirchhoff, gustav Robert (18241887) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0827757.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert O Pronunciation Key Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert spectroscope in association with R. W. Bunsen, with whom he discovered the elements cesium and rubidium, and for his explanation of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum . He also did important research in electricity (he formulated Kirchhoff's laws ) and thermodynamics. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Kircher, Athanasius Kirchhoff's laws Related content from HighBeam Research on: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff The history and apparatus of blowpipe analysis. (blowpipe used by mineralogists in the 18th century) (The Mineralogical Record) JUPITER SCIENTIFIC: "Science Bible" among most imimportant books of 2nd millennium. (M2 Presswire) (Popular Science) Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887)

32. MSN Encarta - Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Already a subscriber? Sign in above. kirchhoff, gustav Robert. Find more aboutkirchhoff, gustav Robert from, Related Items, Other Features from Encarta. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558949/Kirchhoff_Gustav_Robert.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-87), German physicist, born in K¶nigsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), and educated at the University of K¶nigsberg. He... Related Items association with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen development of the prism spectroscope 9 items Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert

33. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Pronunciation Key. kirchhoff, gustav Robert , 182487, German physicist chronology) (Illustration) ( Popular Science)kirchhoff, gustav Robert (18241887) http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE028494.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert O Pronunciation Key Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert spectroscope in association with R. W. Bunsen, with whom he discovered the elements cesium and rubidium, and for his explanation of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum . He also did important research in electricity (he formulated Kirchhoff's laws ) and thermodynamics. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Kircher, Athanasius Kirchhoff's laws Related content from HighBeam Research on: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff The history and apparatus of blowpipe analysis. (blowpipe used by mineralogists in the 18th century) (The Mineralogical Record) JUPITER SCIENTIFIC: "Science Bible" among most imimportant books of 2nd millennium. (M2 Presswire) (Popular Science) Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887)

34. Fauth Translate this page gustav Robert kirchhoff (1824-1887). Die Natur der Sterne zu ergründenund Einblicke in ihr Innerstes zu gewinnen, galt schon im http://home.t-online.de/home/m.holl/kirch.htm

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) 1830 wurde Kirchhoff Physikprofessor in Breslau, blieb dort bis 1854, zog dann nach Berlin und lehrte dort ab 1855. 1859 entwickelte er zusammen mit dem Heidelberger Chemiker Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) eine Methode, mit der man die 1814 von Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) im Sonnenspektrum gefundenen dunklen Linien gewinnbringender untersuchen konnte: Die Spektralanalyse.

35. Periodická Tabulka Prvkù: Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert kirchhoff, gustav Robert Nemecký fyzik gustav Robert kirchhoff (12.3.1824 17.10.1887) formuloval fyzikální zákony o elektrickém http://www.tabulka.cz/vedci/kirchhoff.shtml

WAP.TABULKA.CZ Vše o chemických prvcích a periodické tabulce na displeji vašeho mobilního telefonu. K irchhoff, Gustav Robert Nìmecký fyzik Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (12.3.1824 - 17.10.1887) formuloval fyzikální zákony o elektrickém proudu a tepelném záøení. Zákon pro výpoèet elektrického proudu nebo napìtí se používá pøi øešení elektrických obvodù. V oblasti tepelného záøení objevil Kirchhoffùv zákon pro teplotní záøiè. G. R. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) Roku 1859 díky výsledkùm experimentù získaných ve spolupráci s Robertem W. Bunsenem spoleènì založili spektroskopii - vìdu, která se zabývá vznikem a vlastnostmi všech druhù spekter. V letech 1860-61 pomocí spektrální analýzy objevili dva nové chemické prvky ( cesium a rubidium ) a také zjistili pøítomnost pozemských prvkù ve Slunci. Tento fakt umožnil pozdìjší vznik astrofyziky. Bunsen-Kirchhoffùv spektroskop L205 Krátký životopis v èíslech narozen spoleènì s Robertem W. Bunsenem zakládá spektroskopii pomocí spektrální analýzy objevuje nové prvky ( cesium a rubidium ) a souèasnì zjišuje pøítomnost pozemských prvkù ve Slunci umírá Jan Straka Všechna práva vyhrazena.

36. Gustav Kirchhoff Translate this page gustav kirchhoff. Hauptseite/Main Page. Deutsch. English. kirchhoff, gustav.Erstellt am 29.10.2000, Zuletzt geändert am 03.02.2002. http://www.niester.de/p_natwis/kirchhoff/kirchhoff.html

Gustav Kirchhoff Hauptseite/Main Page Deutsch English Kirchhoff, Gustav Erstellt am:

37. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff - Elektronová Teorie A Kirchhoffovy Zákony gustav Robert kirchhoff slavný fyzik. Elektronová teorie a kirchhoffovyzákony. gustav Robert kirchhoff. Domovská stránka http://www.converter.cz/fyzici/kirchhoff.htm

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Domovská stránka Fyzici Gustav Robert Kirchhoff se narodil 12. bøezna 1824 v Königsbergu (Prusko, nyní Kaliningrad v Rusku). Jeho profesorem byl K. F. Gauss Od roku 1854 byl Kirchhoff profesorem fyziky na univerzitì v Heidelbegu. Roku 1847 Kirchhoff rozøešil problém rozvìtvení proudu podle zákona nesoucí jeho jméno. Kirchhoffovy zákony První Kirchhoffùv zákon: Algebraický souèet proudù v libovolném uzlu elektrického obvodu se rovná nule. Druhý Kirchhoffùv zákon: V libovolném uzavøeném obvodu, který je èástí elektrické sítì, se algebraický souèet elektromotorických napìtí U e zdrojù rovná algebraickému souètu ohmických napìtí na jednotlivých rezistorech. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff v roce 1859 dokázal zákon o vztahu mezi emisí a absorbcí svìtla. Spolu s Bunsenem rozvinuli metodu spektrální analýzy. Touto metodou je možné urèit složení hvìzd. V letech 1860-61 pomocí spektrální analýzy objevili dva nové chemické prvky (cesium a rubidium) Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff dále definoval pojem èerného tìlesa a ukázal principiální význam úlohy urèit jeho spektrum. Pøi studiu tepelného záøení Kirchhoff zjistil, že v každé dutinì obklopené stejnì teplými tìlesy vznikne univerzální záøení (záøení èerného tìlesa) závislé jen na teplotì stìn, ne však na jejich druhu, a že na toto dutinové záøení lze vztáhnout intenzitu vyzaøování jakéhokoliv tìlesa, jsou-li známy jeho absorpce a index lomu.

38. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. kirchhoff, gustav Robert.(g s´täf r ´b rt k rkh´hôf) (KEY) , 1824–87, German physicist. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ki/KirchhofG.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert

39. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Lang kirchhoff, gustav Robert. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English LanguageFourth Edition. 2000. kirchhoff, gustav Robert. SYLLABICATION Kirch·hoff. http://www.bartleby.com/61/40/K0074000.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary kir ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.

40. Escolar.com - Biografia De Kirchhoff, Gustav Translate this page kirchhoff, gustav. (Königsberg, Rusia, 1824-Berlín, 1887) Físicoalemán. Estrecho colaborador del químico Robert Bunsen, aplicó http://www.escolar.com/biografias/k/kirchhoff.htm

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