1. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff (18241887). Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born on 12 March1824 in Koenigsberg (Germany). He graduated from the University http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/kirchhoff.html

Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born on 12 March 1824 in Koenigsberg (Germany). He graduated from the University of Koenigsberg in 1847, and after a few years of lecturing in Berlin and Breslau. In 1852 he took on a position at the University of Heidelberg where he remained till 1875. After moving to Berlin, his failing health forced him to prematurely retire in 1886. He died in Berlin on 17 October 1887. Already as a student Kirchhoff made important contributions to electrical circuit theory, and he 1857 he produced a theoretical calculation demonstrating that an alternating electrical current flowing in a zero-resistance conductor would flow at the speed of light, which provided an important stepping stone towards the electromagnetic theory of light formulated in the 1890 by James Clerk Maxwell. Kirchhoff most celebrated contributions to physics were in the field of spectroscopy. In collaboration with Robert Bunsen (1811-1899), Kirchhoff founded the (then purely empirical) science of spectroscopy. Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the spectroscope , a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, i.e., its

2. CELEBRITES 2 Joule James Prescott. Jung Carl Gustav. Jackson John Hughlings philosophie et religion dans le dessein d'atteindre l'unité divine. kirchhoff gustav Robert. C'est un physicien allemand http://pages.infinit.net/savoir/celebre/jkl.htm

Jackson John Hughlings Jacobi Carl Jacquard Joseph-Marie Janssen Jules ... Jung Carl Gustav Jackson John Hughlings Jacobi Carl Jacquard Joseph-Marie Augustinus Janssen Jules Jaspers Karl Psychologie des conceptions du monde en 1919 et en 1957. Jenner Edward Joule James Prescott Jung Carl Gustav intraverti et extraverti Psychologie et religion (1939) et Psychologie et alchimie Kandinsky Wassily Kant Emmanuel Kelvin William Thomson, lord Kepler Johannes ... Koch Robert Kandinsky Wassily Der Blaue Reiter Du spirituel dans l'art Kant Emmanuel Philosophe allemand. Il est né à Königsberg en 1724 et il y est mort en 1804. Il eut une profonde influence sur la philosophie au dix-neuvième siècle. Il a été influencé par Hume, Leibniz et Rousseau. Il place la raison au centre du monde. Il tente de répondre à plusieurs questions: "Que puis-je savoir?"; "Que dois-je faire?"; "Que puis-je espérer?". Il exposa ses théories dans Critique de la raison pure (1781) et Kelvin William Thomson, lord

3. Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. Gustav Kirchhoff s father was Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawcouncillor in Königsberg with a strong sense of duty to the Prussian state. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Born: Died: 17 Oct 1887 in Berlin, Germany Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Gustav Kirchhoff Franz Neumann and Jacobi Neumann Jacobi seminar from 1843 to 1846. Now 1843 was the year in which Jacobi became unwell, so it was Neumann who influenced Kirchhoff in a very positive way. Neumann Neumann had become interested in electrical induction. In fact Neumann It was while he was studying with Neumann that Kirchhoff made his first outstanding research contribution which related to electrical currents. Kirchhoff's laws, which he announced in 1845, allowed calculation of currents, voltages and resistances in electrical circuits with multiple loops, extending the work of Ohm . Kirchhoff considered an electrical network consisting of circuits joined at nodes of the network and gave laws which reduce the calculation of the currents in each loop to the solution of algebraic equations. The first law states that the sum of the currents into a given node equals the sum of the currents out of that node. The second law states that the sum of electromotive forces in a loop in the network equals the sum of potential drops, or voltages across each of the resistances, in the loop. Kirchhoff's laws followed from applying Ohm 's law but the way in which he was able to generalise the results showed great mathematical skills. At this stage Kirchhoff was unaware that

4. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Encarta Search results for kirchhoff gustav Robert . Page 1 of 1. 4. Magazineand news articles about kirchhoff gustav Robert *. Encarta Magazine Center. http://encarta.msn.com/Kirchhoff_Gustav_Robert.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Encarta Search results for "Kirchhoff Gustav Robert" Page of 1 Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-87), German physicist, born in K¶nigsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), and educated at the University of K¶nigsberg. He... related items association with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen development of the prism spectroscope developments leading toward atomic theory of matter develops prism spectroscope ... Notable Inventions and Discoveries Chart or Table—Encarta Encyclopedia Chart or table from Encarta Encyclopedia Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm (1811-1899), German chemist, who, with the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, invented the spectroscope and discovered... Magazine and news articles about Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Encarta Magazine Center Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about "Kirchhoff Gustav Robert" Books about Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Page of 1 Results from MSN Search Advertisement Search Results Feedback document.write('');

5. Biographies Info Science : Kirchhoff Gustav Robert http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/biograph/biograph.php3?Ref=121

6. KIRCHHOFF Gustav Robert (1824-1887) Translate this page kirchhoff gustav Robert (1824-1887). Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, physicienallemand, né à Königsberg et mort à Berlin, a développé http://histoirechimie.free.fr/Lien/KIRCHHOFF.htm

KIRCHHOFF Gustav Robert (1824-1887) : Mechanik Loi du rayonnement de Kirchhoff

7. Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Dokument, ktery mate prave zobrazen, neni aktualizovan. Podivejte se na aktualizovanoustranku Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff se narodil 12. http://converter.misto.cz/_MAIL_/fyzici/kirchhoff.htm

Prevody OnLine Fyzici Vzkazy ... Autor Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Zpet Elektronova teorie. Presun webu Cely web conVERTER jsem v srpnu 2002 presunul. Dokument, ktery mate prave zobrazen, neni aktualizovan. Podivejte se na aktualizovanou stranku Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Omlouvam se za pripadne potize. Jiri Bures Gustav Robert Kirchhoff se narodil 12. brezna 1824 v Konigsbergu (Prusko, nyni Kaliningrad v Rusku). Byl studentem K. F. Gausse Od roku 1854 byl profesorem fyziky na univerzite v Heidelbegu. Roku 1847 Kirchhoff rozresil problem rozvetveni proudu podle zakona nesouci jeho jmeno. Kirchhoffovy zakony Prvni Kirchhoffuv zakon: Algebraicky soucet proudu v libovolnem uzlu elektrickeho obvodu se rovna nule. Druhy Kirchhoffuv zakon: V libovolnem uzavrenem obvodu, ktery je casti elektricke site, se algebraicky soucet elektromotorickych napeti U e zdroju rovna algebraickemu souctu ohmickych napeti na jednotlivych rezistorech. Kirchhoff v roce 1859 dokazal zakon o vztahu mezi emisi a absorbci svetla. Spolu s Bunsenem rozvinuli metodu spektralni analyzy. Touto metodou se poznalo slozeni hvezd. Kirchhoff dale definoval pojem cerneho telesa a ukazal principialni vyznam ulohy urcit jeho spektrum. Pri studiu tepelneho zareni

8. Gustav Kirchhoff - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Gustav Kirchhoff. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. imageGustavKirchhoff.jpg. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 October http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff

Gustav Kirchhoff From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff March 12 October 17 ), a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits spectroscopy , and the emission of blackbody radiation by heated objects. He coined the term "black body" radiation in , and two sets of independent concepts in both circuit theory and thermal emission are named " Kirchhoff's laws " after him. Gustav Kirchhoff was born in Königsberg Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia ), the son of Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawyer, and Johanna Henriette Wittke. He graduated from the Albertus University of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) in 1847 and married Clara Richelot, the daughter of his mathematics professor Friedrich Richelot. In the same year, they moved to Berlin , where he stayed until he received a professorship at Breslau Kirchoff formulated his current law voltage law for circuit analysis, which are now ubiquitous in electrical engineering , in , while still a student. He proposed his law of thermal radiation in , and gave a proof in . At Breslau, he collaborated in spectroscopic work with

9. Kirchhoff Translate this page 1887). Gustav Robert kirchhoff gustav Robert Kirchhoff wurde am 12.3.1824in Königsberg geboren und starb am 17.10.1887 in Berlin. http://www.hh.schule.de/klosterschule/9b/ohm/kirchh.htm

BIOGRAPHIE : GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF (1824 - 1887) Kirchhoffsche Gesetze OHM'SCHEN GESETZ

10. MSN Encarta - Résultats De La Recherche - Kirchhoff Gustav Robert kirchhoff gustav Robert . Page1 sur 1. Plus de résultats avec MSN pour kirchhoff gustav Robert . http://fr.encarta.msn.com/Kirchhoff_Gustav_Robert.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... S'abonner   Encarta Premium Rechercher Encarta R©sultats de la recherche pour "Kirchhoff Gustav Robert" Page sur 1 R©serv© aux abonn©s MSN Encarta Premium. Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887), physicien allemand, dont l'œuvre, tr¨s vaste, aborde des domaines de la physique tr¨s diff©rents. N©  ... Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Encyclop©die EncartaImage rubidium Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article rubidium physique Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article physique c©sium Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article c©sium Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm spectroscopie Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article spectroscopie classification p©riodique Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article classification p©riodique circuits ©lectriques Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article circuits ©lectriques Soleil Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article Soleil m©decine Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article m©decine R©serv© aux abonn©s MSN Encarta Premium.

11. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 October17, 1887), physicist who is well known for his electrical rules http://www.fact-index.com/g/gu/gustav_kirchhoff.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff March 12 October 17 physicist who is well known for his electrical rules , Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, which are fundamental to circuit analysis in electrical engineering . He was born in Königsberg Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia ) and died in Berlin , Germany. In his spectroscopic collaboration with Bunsen , he was a co-discoverer of caesium and rubidium Table of contents 1 Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation 2 Kirchhoff's Radiation Laws 3 Reference Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation Kirchhoff formulated the following law in , followed by a proof in The rate of emission of energy by a body is equal to the rate at which the body absorbs energy (both emission and absorption being in a given direction at a given wavelength). In he introduced the term black body radiation . Later, he produced three empirical laws describing the spectral composition of light emitted by incandescent objects. Kirchhoff's Radiation Laws A hot solid object produces light with a continuous spectrum. A hot tenuous gas produces light with spectral lines at discrete wavelengths (i.e. specific colors) which depend on the energy levels of the atoms in the gas.

12. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. 1824 až 1887. spektrální analýza. Roku1874 vyrkl Kirchhoff spásné slovo v první vete svého díla http://www.edunet.cz/fyzikove/Kirch.html

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 až 1887 spektrální analýza Roku 1874 vyøkl Kirchhoff spásné slovo v první vìtì svého díla "Pøednášky o mechanice": "Mechanika je vìda o pohybu, úkolem téo vìdy je popsat pohyby, k nimž dochází v pøírodì, úplnì a co nejjednodušším zpùsobem." Roku 1847 Kirchhoff rozøešil problém rozvìtvení proudu podle zákona nesoucí jeho jméno. První Kirchhoffùv zákon: Algebraický souèet proudù v libovolném uzlu elektrického obvodu se rovná nule. Druhý Kirchhoffùv zákon: V libovolném uzavøeném obvodu, který je èástí elektrické sítì, se algebraický souèet elektromotorických napìtí Ue zdrojù rovná algebraickému souètu ohmických napìtí na jednotlivých rezistorech. Kirchhoff v roce 1859 dokázal zákon o vztahu mezi emisí a absorbcí svìtla a který navíc s Bunsenem založil spektrální analýzu. Touto metodou se poznalo složení hvìzd. Kirchhoff dále definoval pojem èerného tìlesa a ukázal principiální význam úlohy urèit jeho spektrum. Pøi studiu tepelného záøení Kirchhoff zjistil, že v každé dutinì obklopené stejnì teplými tìlesy vznikne univerzální záøení (záøení èerného tìlesa) závislé jen na teplotì stìn, ne však na jejich druhu, a že na toto dutinové záøení lze vztáhnout intenzitu vyzaøování jakéhokoliv tìlesa, jsou-li známy jeho abso absorpce a index lomu. Úvod

13. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Definition Of Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. What Is Gustav Ro Definition of Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the Dictionary and Thesaurus. GustavRobert Kirchhoff. Word Word. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun Gustav Robert Kirchhoff - German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887) G. R. Kirchhoff Kirchhoff physicist - a scientist trained in physics Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Gustav Robert Kirchhoff" in the definition: bunsen Fechner G. R. Kirchhoff Gustav Hertz ... Robert Wilhelm Bunsen Previous General Dictionary Browser Next gustatory gustatory cell gustatory modality ... Gustful Full Dictionary Browser Gustav III's Russian War (enc.) Gustav IV Adolf (enc.) Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (enc.) Gustav IV of Seden (enc.) Gustav IV of Sweden (enc.) Gustav Kirchhoff (enc.) Gustav Kirchoff (enc.) Gustav Klimt Gustav Klimt (enc.) Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (enc.) Gustav Line (enc.) Gustav Ludwig Hertz Gustav Ludwig Hertz (enc.) Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (enc.) Gustav Metzger (enc.) Gustav Meyrink (enc.) Gustav R. Kirchhoff

14. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824 1887). Gustav Kirchhoff was a student ofGauss. He taught at Berlin (an unpaid post) from 1847, then at Breslau. http://www.fys.kuleuven.ac.be/pradem/fysici/Kirchhoff.html

Pradem Leuven Demo's Applets Laboproeven ... Zoeken Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824 - 1887) Gustav Kirchhoff was a student of Gauss. He taught at Berlin (an unpaid post) from 1847, then at Breslau. In 1854 he was appointed professor of physics at Heidelberg where he collaborated with Bunsen . He was a physicist who made important contributions to the theory of circuits using topology and to elasticity. Kirchhoff's laws, announced in 1854, allow calculation of currents, voltages and resistances of electrical circuits extending the work of Ohm. His work on black body radiation was fundamental in the development of quantum theory. His work on spectrum analysis led on to a study of the composition of light from the Sun. Kirchhoff was the first to explain the dark lines in the Sun's spectrum as caused by absorption of particular wavelengths as the light passes through a gas. This started a new era in astronomy. In 1875 he was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics at Berlin. Disability meant he had to spend much of his life on crutches or in a wheelchair. His best known work is the four volume masterpiece Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik (1876-94). Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Pradem Leuven Premonstreitcollege Plan Naamsestraat 61 3000 Leuven Opmaak: Tony Verheyden Laatste wijziging: 18-mar-04

15. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff. Gustav Kirchhoff. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (12 maart1824 17 oktober 1887) was een Duits natuurkundige. Kirchhoff http://www.guajara.com/wiki/nl/wikipedia/g/gu/gustav_kirchhoff.html

Guajara in other languages: Spanish Deutsch English French ... Italian Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 12 maart 17 oktober ) was een Duits natuurkundige Kirchhoff is vooral bekend geworden door een aantal wetten op het gebied van de elektrotechniek en de spectroscopie. Hij werd geboren in Königsberg Pruisen (nu Kaliningrad in Rusland De spanningswet van Kirchhoff en de stroomwet van Kirchhoff evenals de Kichhoff stralingswetten zijn naar hem vernoemd. Met Robert Bunsen was hij mede ontdekker van de scheikundige elementen cesium en rubidium Kirchhoff overleed in in Berlijn Wikipedia - Alle tekst op deze pagina valt onder de GNU FDL licentie. Tagoror dot com Legal Information Contact us

16. Chemische Analyse Durch Spectralbeobachtungen Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen Translate this page Spectralbeobachtungen. kirchhoff gustav Bunsen Robert Gustav KirchhoffRobert Bunsen Kategorie Analyse (chem physik) Medium Broschiert http://www.fishingcenter-eiche.de/Gustav-Kirchhoff-Robert-B-Chemische-Analyse-du

Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen Autor / Künstler / Gruppe / Hersteller: Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen Titel: Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen. Kirchhoff Gustav Bunsen Robert Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen Kategorie: Analyse (chem physik) Medium: Broschiert Johannes Kepler-Dioptrik.... Archimedes Wolfgang Trageser-Abhandlungen.... Max Planck Fritz Reiche-Die Ableitung der Strahlengesetze.... Euklid-Die Elemente. Buch I - XIII.... ... Andre Büssing Jürgen Glaser-Das Tätigkeits- und Arbeitsanalyseverfahren für das Krankenhaus - Selbstbeobachtungsversion. (TAA- KH- S). ( lesen und verstehen)....

17. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff (18241887). URL ORIGINAL Gustav Robert Kirchhoffwas born on 12 March 1824 in Koenigsberg (Germany). He graduated http://www.edu365.com/aulanet/comsoc/persones_tecniques/Gustav Kirchhoff.htm

Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) URL ORIGINAL: http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/kirchhoff.html Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born on 12 March 1824 in Koenigsberg (Germany). He graduated from the University of Koenigsberg in 1847, and after a few years of lecturing in Berlin and Breslau. In 1852 he took on a position at the University of Heidelberg where he remained till 1875. After moving to Berlin, his failing health forced him to prematurely retire in 1886. He died in Berlin on 17 October 1887. Already as a student Kirchhoff made important contributions to electrical circuit theory, and he 1857 he produced a theoretical calculation demonstrating that an alternating electrical current flowing in a zero-resistance conductor would flow at the speed of light, which provided an important stepping stone towards the electromagnetic theory of light formulated in the 1890 by James Clerk Maxwell. Kirchhoff most celebrated contributions to physics were in the field of spectroscopy. In collaboration with Robert Bunsen (1811-1899), Kirchhoff founded the (then purely empirical) science of spectroscopy. Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the spectroscope , a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, i.e., its

18. Gustav Kirchhoff - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Back to Encyclopedia Main Page Printable Version of this Page Encyclopediahelp PhatNav s Encyclopedia A Wikipedia . Gustav Kirchhoff. http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Gustav_Kirchhoff

19. SmartPedia.com - Free Online Encyclopedia - Encyclopedia Books. Gustav Kirchhoff. Everything you wanted to know about Gustav Kirchhoff but hadno clue how to find it.. Learn about Gustav Kirchhoff here! Gustav Kirchhoff. http://www.smartpedia.com/smart/browse/Gustav_Kirchhoff

Search: Math and Natural Sciences Applied Arts Social Sciences Culture ... Interdisciplinary Categories Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff March 12 October 17 ), a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits spectroscopy , and the emission of blackbody radiation by heated objects. He coined the term "black body" radiation in , and two sets of independent concepts in both circuit theory and thermal emission are named " Kirchhoff's laws " after him. Gustav Kirchhoff was born in Königsberg Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia ), the son of Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawyer, and Johanna Henriette Wittke. He graduated from the Albertus University of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) in 1847 and married Clara Richelot, the daughter of his mathematics professor Friedrich Richelot. In the same year, they moved to Berlin , where he stayed until he received a professorship at Breslau Kirchoff formulated his current law voltage law for circuit analysis, which are now ubiquitous in electrical engineering , in , while still a student. He proposed his

20. Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Brezen 12, 1824 Ríjen17, 1887), fyzik kdo je dobre známý pro jeho elektrická http://wikipedia.infostar.cz/g/gu/gustav_kirchhoff.html

švodn­ str¡nka Tato str¡nka v origin¡le Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 12. března 17. ř­jna fyzik kdo je dobře zn¡m½ pro jeho elektrick¡ pravidla , Kirchhoff je pr¡vo napět­ a Kirchhoff je aktu¡ln­ pr¡vo, kter½ b½t z¡kladn­ k obvod anal½za v elektroinžen½rstv­ . On byl narozen v K � nigsberg Prusko (nyn­ Kaliningrad, Rusko ) a zemřel v Berl­n , Německo. V jeho spectroscopic spolupr¡ce s Bunsen , on byl co-objevitel caesium a rubidium Tabulka s obsahem showTocToggle (" přehl­dka ", " schov¡vat se ") 1 Kirchhoff je pr¡vo radiace 2 Kirchhoff je radiace pr¡va 3 odkaz Kirchhoff je pr¡vo radiace Kirchhoff formuloval n¡sleduj­c­ z¡kon v , n¡sledovan½ důkazem v Rychlost emise energie tělem je stejn¡ s m­rou u kter©ho tělo pohlcuje energii (oba emise a absorbce b½t v dan©m směru u dan© vlnov© d©lky). V on představil term­n čern© těleso radiace . PozdnějÅ¡­, on produkoval tři empirick¡ pr¡va popisovat spektr¡ln­ složen­ světlo vyd¡van½ z¡Å™­c­mi objekty. Kirchhoff je radiace pr¡va Hork½ pevn½ objekt produkuje světlo se spojit½m spektrem.

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