1. The Kaushikas GOTRA. PRAVARA RSHIs. SUTRA. vishvAmitra. vaishvAmitra, daivarAta,audala. Baudhayana, Apastamba, katyayana, Asvalayana, Manava. shraumata http://www.bharatavarsha.com/iyer/gotra/kaushika.html

THE KAUSHIKAs The kaushika (descendents of the influential kushika) include such intellectual giants as vishvAmitra and madhucchandasa. What is arguably the single most important verse in all the vedas - the gAyatri mantra- was composed by vishvAmitra. This set of lineages has kshatriya origins. vishvAmitra himself was a king of some importance during the vedic age. The accounts of his rivalry with vasishTha make up one of the great dramas in the vedas and the post-vedic literature. All the kaushika lineages have come down through vishvAmitra. The vaishvAmitras may be divided into 20 gotra-gaNas as shown below: NOTE: In the table below, the subdivisions of the kaushikas are listed. The name of the gotra is listed in the first column, and the corresponding pravara rshi set is in the second column. Since some of the pravara lineages are specific to the followers of certain sutras, the appropriate sutra is given in the third column. Wherever there are two or more sets of pravara rshis, it should be taken to mean that there are different lineages that correspond to a certain gotra. In general, the set of pravara rshis is a more accurate indicator of a person's descent, than simply the gotra itself. GOTRA PRAVARA RSHIs SUTRA vishvAmitra vaishvAmitra, daivarAta, audala

2. Mahavira And Jainism By Sanderson Beck Another esteemed religious leader was Pakudha katyayana, who may have been the one who asked Pippalada in the He criticized the view of katyayana and others that the soul existed http://www.san.beck.org/EC8-Mahavira.html

BECK index Mahavira and Jainism This chapter is part of the book ANCIENT WISDOM AND FOLLY, which has now been published. For information on ordering click here. Contemporaries Mahavira Jainism The legendary founder of Jainism was called Rishabha, but claims that he lived many millions of years ago are obviously exaggerated. This first Tirthankara (literally "maker of the river-crossing") is said to have invented cooking, writing, pottery, painting, and sculpture, the institution of marriage and ceremonies for the dead. Not much else is recorded about Rishabha and the next twenty Tirthankaras, but the ancient Jaina tradition that there were ascetic religious teachers in India before the coming of the Vedic Aryans is likely from evidence found in the Harappan culture. The twenty-second Tirthankara, Arishtanemi, is mentioned in the Kalpa Sutra . All of the Tirthankaras were Kshatriyas, and Arishtanemi was the son of King Ashvasena of Varanasi (Benares) and cousin of Krishna, who is supposed to have lived during the great Bharata war probably about 900 BC. According to legend Krishna negotiated his marriage to princess Rajamati. However, when Arishtanemi discovered the great number of deer and other animals to be sacrificed at his wedding, he changed his mind to prevent their slaughter, brooded over the cruelty and violence of human society, and soon renounced the world to seek and find enlightenment. The twenty-third Tirthankara, Parshva, probably lived in the eighth century BC. Legends connect him with snakes, one of whom he saved from fire when a Brahmin ascetic was about to burn a log where it was hiding. He married a princess, and up to the age of thirty he lived in great splendor and happiness as a householder. Then he gave up all his wealth to become an ascetic. After 84 days of intense meditation he became enlightened and taught as a saint for seventy years.

3. PRASHNA UPANISHAD Kaushalya Ashvalayana, Bhargava Vaidarbhi, and Kabandhi katyayana were devoted to God, I know, I will tell you all." Then Kabandhi katyayana came to him and asked, http://www.san.beck.org/Upan5-Prashna.html

BECK index WISDOM OF CHINA AND INDIA Contents PRASHNA UPANISHAD English version by Sanderson Beck This text is included in the WISDOM BIBLE , the greatest collection of wisdom ever published. Click here to learn more about the WISDOM BIBLE and how you may purchase it. This text is also available as spoken by Sanderson Beck on CD. First Question: Creatures Second Question: Angels Third Question: Life-breath Fourth Question: Sleep ... Sixth Question: Spirit First Question Sukesha Bharadvaja, Shaibya Satyakama, Sauryayani Gargya, Kaushalya Ashvalayana, Bhargava Vaidarbhi, and Kabandhi Katyayana were devoted to God, intent on God, in search of the highest God. Thinking, "He can tell us all," bringing fuel they approached the revered Pippalada. The seer said to them, "Live with me one more year in discipline, holiness, and faith. Then ask what you want. If I know, I will tell you all." Then Kabandhi Katyayana came to him and asked, "Sir, from where are all these creatures born?" The seer answered him, "The creator desired creatures. Gathering energy, with this energy

4. Katyayana katyayana. katyayana was neither a mathematician in the sense that we would understandit today, nor a scribe who simply copied manuscripts like Ahmes. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Katyayana.html

Katyayana Born: about 200 BC in India Died: about 200 BC in India Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index We cannot attempt to write a biography of Katyayana since essentially nothing is known of him except that he was the author of a Sulbasutra which is much later than the Sulbasutras of Baudhayana and Apastamba . It would also be fair to say that Katyayana's Sulbasutra is the least interesting from a mathematical point of view of the three best known Sulbasutras. It adds very little to that of Apastamba written several hundreds of years earlier. We do not know Katyayana's dates accurately enough to even guess at a life span for him, which is why we have given the same approximate birth year as death year. Katyayana was neither a mathematician in the sense that we would understand it today, nor a scribe who simply copied manuscripts like Ahmes . He would certainly have been a man of very considerable learning but probably not interested in mathematics for its own sake, merely interested in using it for religious purposes. Undoubtedly he wrote the Sulbasutra to provide rules for religious rites and to improve and expand on the rules which had been given by his predecessors. Katyayana would have been a priest instructing the people in the ways of conducting the religious rites he describes. Katyayana lived in a period when the religious rites that the Sulbasutras were written to support were becoming less influential. People were turning to other religions and perhaps this lack of vigour in the religion at this time partly explains why several hundreds of years after

5. Katyayana Biography of katyayana (200BC140BC) We cannot attempt to write a biography of katyayana since essentially nothing is known of him except that be fair to say that katyayana's Sulbasutra is the least interesting from http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Katyayana.html

Katyayana Born: about 200 BC in India Died: about 200 BC in India Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index We cannot attempt to write a biography of Katyayana since essentially nothing is known of him except that he was the author of a Sulbasutra which is much later than the Sulbasutras of Baudhayana and Apastamba . It would also be fair to say that Katyayana's Sulbasutra is the least interesting from a mathematical point of view of the three best known Sulbasutras. It adds very little to that of Apastamba written several hundreds of years earlier. We do not know Katyayana's dates accurately enough to even guess at a life span for him, which is why we have given the same approximate birth year as death year. Katyayana was neither a mathematician in the sense that we would understand it today, nor a scribe who simply copied manuscripts like Ahmes . He would certainly have been a man of very considerable learning but probably not interested in mathematics for its own sake, merely interested in using it for religious purposes. Undoubtedly he wrote the Sulbasutra to provide rules for religious rites and to improve and expand on the rules which had been given by his predecessors. Katyayana would have been a priest instructing the people in the ways of conducting the religious rites he describes. Katyayana lived in a period when the religious rites that the Sulbasutras were written to support were becoming less influential. People were turning to other religions and perhaps this lack of vigour in the religion at this time partly explains why several hundreds of years after

6. References For Katyayana References for katyayana. Books GG Joseph The URL of this page ishttp//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/katyayana.html. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Katyayana.html

References for Katyayana Books: G G Joseph, The crest of the peacock (London, 1991). Articles: R P Kulkarni, The value of known to Sulbasutrakaras, Indian J. Hist. Sci. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR November 2000 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/Katyayana.html

7. A Critical Study Of The Varttikas Of Katyayana/Madhusudan Mishra A Critical Study of the Varttikas of katyayana/Madhusudan Mishra. 1996, 208 p., Contents Introduction. I. Indian grammatical tradition, katyayana and his Varttikas 1. A brief history of Indian grammatical tradition. 2. History of grammatical Varttikas. 3. katyayana his date, place of birth and works a. katyayana the Varttikakara on http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no11565.htm

8. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians 500 B.C.E. katyayana (c. 500) Naburimanni (c http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

9. TITUS Texts: White Yajur-Veda: Katyayana-Sulba-Sutra TITUS Texts White YajurVeda katyayana-Sulba-SutraIndex /TITLE META NAME=. noframes http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/yvw/katysbs/katys.htm

noframes Index of katys TITUS Project

10. INDIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY Another Indian philosopher, Pakudha katyayana who also lived in the 6th century B.C http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/physics.html

You are watching India.CoolAtlanta.com -> Culture -> Sudheer Ancient India's Contribution to PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY “Ancient Indian theories lacked an empirical base, but they were brilliant imaginative explanations of the physical structure of the world, and in a large measure, agreed with the discoveries of modern physics. “ - A.L. Basham, Australian Indologist Coinage dating from the 8th Century B.C. to the17th Century A.D. Numismatic evidence of the advances made by Smelting technology in ancient India It would be surprising for many Indians today to know that the concepts of atom (Ann, Parmanu) and relativity (Sapekshavada) were explicitly stated by an Indian philosopher nearly 600 years before the brith of Christ. These ideas which were of fundamental import had been developed in India in a very abstract manner. This was so as their exponents were not physicians in today's sense of the term. They were philosophers and their ideas about the physical reality were integrated with those of philosophy and theology. Table of Contents Home Introduction Chapter 1: Production Technology and Mechanical Engineering Chapter 2 Shipbuilding and Navigation Chapter 3 Architecture and Civil Engineering Chapter 4 Mathematics Chapter 5 Astronomy You are currently viewing Chapter 6 on Physics Chapter 7 Medical Science Chapter 8 Fine Arts Chapter 9 Sports and Games Chapter 10 Philosophy Chapter 11 Summing Up Glossary Sanskrit-English Glossary Next Book A Search for Our Present in History The Five Basic Physical Elements From the Vedic times, around 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C., Indians (Indo-Aryans) had classified the material world into four elements viz. Earth (Prithvi), fire (Agni), air (Maya) and water (Apa). To these four elements was added a fifth one viz. ether or Akasha. Ac cording to some scholars these five elements or Pancha Mahabhootas were identified with the various human senses of perception; earth with smell, air with feeling, fire with vision, water with taste and ether with sound. Whatever the validity behind this interpretation, it is true that since very ancient times Indians had perceived the material world as comprising these 5 elements. The Buddhist philosophers who came later, rejected ether as an element and replaced it with life, joy and sorrow.

11. TITUS Texts: White Yajur-Veda: Katyayana-Sulba-Sutra This text is part of the TITUS edition of White YajurVeda katyayana-Sulba-Sutra.Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 5.5.2002. http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/yvw/katysbs/katys001.htm

TITUS Text collection: YVW White Yajur-Veda Text: KatySlbS Kāṭyāyana-Śulba-SÅ«tra On the basis ... J.G. Paragraph: 1 Sentence: 1 rajjusamāsaṃ vaká¹£yāmaḥ Sentence: 2 same śaá¹ kuṃ nikʰāya śaá¹ kusammitayā ... sodÄ«cÄ« Sentence: 3 rajjvantayoḥ pāśau karoti śroṇyaṃsanira±cÊ°anasaṃkÊ°yāsamāsabÊ°aá¹ geá¹£u ... sarvatra Sentence: 4 pramāṇamabÊ°yasyābÊ°yāsacaturtÊ°e lakṣṇaṃ karoti tannira±cÊ°anam ... tiryaá¹ mānīśeá¹£a Sentence: 5 pramāṇārdÊ°aṃ vābÊ°yasyābÊ°yāsaá¹£aṣṭʰe laká¹£aṇaṃ karoti ... tiryaá¹ māniśeá¹£aḥ Sentence: 6 pramāṇārdÊ°e samacaturaśrasya śaá¹ kuḥ śāstravadardÊ°e ... caivam Sentence: 7 etena prāgvaṃśavedimānāni vyākÊ°yātāni śālāmānaṃ ... sadasaścaivam Sentence: 8 aparimitaṃ pramāṇādbÊ°Å«yaḥ Sentence: 9 pramāṇe śāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ nirhāsavivrÌ¥ddÊ°yoḥ ... yogaśca Sentence: 10 itarasyavitrÌ¥tÄ«ye daká¹£iṇata ityetadvaká¹£yāmaḥ gārhapatyāhavanÄ«yayorantarālaṃ ... utkaraḥ Sentence: 11 apivāntaratribʰāgo ʼnayā rajjvā purvārdÊ°e ... utkaraḥ This text is part of the TITUS edition of White Yajur-Veda: Katyayana-Sulba-Sutra TITUS Project

12. Swaveda - Background - Mathematics In Ancient India - Introduction The most fundamental contribution of ancient India to the progress of civilization is the invention of what is called the decimal system of numeration 400 BC katyayana Sulba Sutra by katyayana . http://www.theinquirer.net/clickthru.aspx?id=566

13. SMRITI - URDAY.com Among all the important Smritis, katyayana Smriti is one which discusses things relatedto religious doctrines and policy and also pacifying deceased ancestors http://www.urday.com/katyayan.htm

Pooja's Remedies Online Aarti Panchang ... Sacred Quotes Advance Search SMRITI INTRODUCTION SANKHA SMRITI GAUTAM SMRITI MANU SMRITI ... YAMA SMRITI KATYAYAN SMRITI Among all the important Smritis, Katyayana Smriti is one which discusses things related to religious doctrines and policy and also pacifying deceased ancestors, the method of performing Yagya, Havanna Yagya and the other rituals related to religious activities. Katyayana has classified the entire Smriti into 29 sections i.e. 1) Description of conduct. 2) Rituals to pacify deceased ancestors. 3) Description of Trividha Kriya. 4) Pacifying deceased ancestors. 5) Repetition of the method of pacifying deceased ancestors. 6) Other Karmas (rituals). 7) Description of the pipal tree. 8) The method of kindling the Yagya fire. 9) Description of the ways to perform Yagya from dawn to dusk. 10) The morning ablutions i.e. holy bath etc. 11) Method of doing Sandhya. 12) The method to pacify deceased ancestors. 13) Method of performing Panchamaha Yagya. 14) Method of performing Brahma Yagya.

14. SHASTRAS - URDAY.com But now, Rik PratiShakhya created by Shaunak of the Shakal branch of Yajurveda,Vajasaneya Pratishakya of Vajasenya branch, author by katyayana. http://www.urday.com/shastra.htm

Pooja's Remedies Online Aarti Panchang ... Sacred Quotes Advance Search SHASTRAS VEDIC EDUCATION KALPA NIRUKTA ASTROLOGY CHHAND SHASTRA ... Disclamer Site is Best Viewed in 800X600 A Zed Infocom Pvt Ltd Presentation.

15. All About Hinduism "ALL ABOUT HINDUISM" is intended to meet the needs of those who want to be introduced to the various facets of the crystal that is Hinduism. Drahyayana, Gobhila and Khadira belong to the SamaVeda. The katyayana and Paraskara belong to the Sukla Yajur-Veda http://www.sivanandadlshq.org/download/hinduismbk.htm

16. The Bhargavas Baudhayana, Apastamba, Asvalayana, katyayana, Manava. vatsa or shrIvatsanonjAmadagnya. bhArgava, cyAvana, ApnavAna. Asvalayana, katyayana. http://www.bharatavarsha.com/iyer/gotra/bhargava.html

THE BHARGAVAs The Bhargavas (descendents of Bhrgu) include such illustrious names like Chyavana, Jamadagni and Parasu-rama (usually referred to as ramo bhargava, or simply as bhargava). The Bhargavas may be divided into the 5 subsets. The first subset may be called simply Bhargava, constituted by 11 gotras. The remaining 4 subsets of the Bhargavas are individual gotras by themselves. Collectively these 4 subsets are called the Kevala Bhargavas. NOTE: In the table below, the subdivisions of the Bhargavas are listed. The name of the gotra is listed in the first column, and the corresponding pravara rshi set is in the second column. Since some of the pravara lineages are specific to the followers of certain sutras, the appropriate sutra is given in the third column. Wherever there are two or more sets of pravara rshis, it should be taken to mean that there are different lineages that correspond to a certain gotra. In general, the set of pravara rshis is a more accurate indicator of a person's descent, than simply the gotra itself. GOTRA PRAVARA RSHIs SUTRA I. Bhargava

17. Books On Hinduism A Critical Study of the Varttikas of katyayana/Madhusudan Mishra. 1996, 208 p http://www.vedamsbooks.com/Hinduism.htm

18. Welcome To Bagchee.com Narada, Brhaspati and katyayana Madhukar M. Patkar. Bagchee Item ID B25001, ListPrice $7.00 Our Price $6.30 You Save $0.70 (10%), Usually ships in 12 days. http://www.bagchee.com/BookDisplay.aspx?Bkid=B25001

19. Katyayana-Smrti (pada Index) katyayanasmrti PADA INDEX of revised GRETIL VERSION THIS TEXT FILE IS FOR REFERENCEPURPOSES ONLY! COPYRIGHT AND TERMS OF USAGE AS FOR SOURCE FILE. http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/4_dha

Katyayanasmrti PADA INDEX of revised GRETIL VERSION THIS TEXT FILE IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY! Text converted to Unicode (UTF-8). (This file is to be used with a UTF-8 font and your browser's VIEW configuration set to UTF-8.) description: multibyte sequence: long a long A long i long I long u long U vocalic r vocalic R long vocalic r vocalic l long vocalic l velar n velar N palatal n palatal N retroflex t retroflex T retroflex d retroflex D retroflex n retroflex N palatal s palatal S retroflex s retroflex S anusvara visarga long e long o l underbar r underbar n underbar k underbar t underbar Unless indicated otherwise, accents have been dropped in order to facilitate word search. For a comprehensive list of GRETIL encodings and formats see: www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/gretdiac.pdf and www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/gretdias.pdf akatra prativāsinaḥ (?) K_892b akasmāt kāraṇaṃ vinā K_843d akāmam ananuj±Ätam K_525a akāmād uddhṛtaṃ bhuvi K_811b akāryakaraṇaṃ kṛtam K_482b akāle 'pi bṛhaspatiḥ K_152d akāle vāhayen naraḥ K_789b akurvatas tu tad dhāni K_541c akurvan daṇḍam arhati K_657d akurvaṃs tat tathā daṇḍyas K_673c akramoḍhāsutaś caiva K_862a akramoḍhāsutas tv ṛkthÄ« K_863a akrÅ«ro madhuraḥ snigdhaḥ K_065a akleśenārthine yas tu K_022a agṛhÄ«taṃ pradāsyati K_184b agnyambusukṛtādibhiḥ K_237d aá¹ gacchedÄ« viyojyaḥ syāt K_968c aá¹ gacchede tad ardhaṃ tu K_964c

20. Katyayana-Smrti (plain Text) katyayanasmrti Text Input by Akihiko AKAMATSU Version 1 (completed onJune 30, 1991); Revised on Feb.11, 1992. Edition katyayanasmrti http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/4_dha

Katyayanasmrti Text Input by Akihiko AKAMATSU Version 1 (completed on June 30, 1991); Revised on Feb.11, 1992. Edition: Katyayanasmrti(.saroddharah) on Vyavahara, Text (reconstructed), Translation, Notes and Introduction, by P.V.Kane Reprint from the Hindu Law Quarterly, Bombay 1933. PLAIN TEXT VERSION THIS TEXT FILE IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY! Text converted to Unicode (UTF-8). (This file is to be used with a UTF-8 font and your browser's VIEW configuration set to UTF-8.) description: multibyte sequence: long a long A long i long I long u long U vocalic r vocalic R long vocalic r vocalic l long vocalic l velar n velar N palatal n palatal N retroflex t retroflex T retroflex d retroflex D retroflex n retroflex N palatal s palatal S retroflex s retroflex S anusvara visarga long e long o l underbar r underbar n underbar k underbar t underbar Unless indicated otherwise, accents have been dropped in order to facilitate word search. For a comprehensive list of GRETIL encodings and formats see: www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/gretdiac.pdf and www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/gretdias.pdf

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